r w gametes C , C ; F1 genotypes and phenotypes 1 mark: r w F1 genotypes (all) C C F1 phenotypes (all) pink; F2 genotypes and phenotypes 1 mark: r w r w gametes C , C C , C ; r r r w r w w w F2 genotypes C C C C C C C C F2 phenotypes red pink (pink) white; F2 ratio 1:2:1; accept other symbols if key given. accept r and w as symbols without key. 6 (c) (i) 65; 130; 65; 3 (ii) 0.138 + 0.007 + 0.061; (or other suitable working) 0.206 – 0.208; 2 marks for correct value if no working shown ecf for both marks but calculated value must be to three decimal
Intragenomic Profiling Using Multicopy Genes: The rDNA Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences of the Freshwater Sponge Ephydatia fluviatilis Liisi Karlep, To~nu Reintamm, Merike Kelve* Department of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia Abstract Multicopy genes, like ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA), are widely used to describe and distinguish individuals. Despite concerted evolution that homogenizes a large number of rDNA gene copies, the presence of different gene variants within a genome has been reported. Characterization of an organism by defining every single variant of tens to thousands of rDNA repeat units present in a eukaryotic genome would be quite unreasonable. Here we provide an alternative approach for the
AMBER AND RUSSET - LATE COLOUR CHANGE GENES Copyright 2014, Sarah Hartwell The ancestors of the domestic cat were nondescript black/brown striped tabbies. Over the centuries, mutation produced a wide array of colours based on 2 different pigments. Eumelanin gives the blacks, browns and blues while phaeomelanin gives the reds, fawns and creams. A few other genes give further variations on those colours such silvers, colourpoints and solids/selfs. Mutations continue to occur and unexpected colours also turn up due to inbreeding where recessive genes, hidden for generations, start showing up. AMBER AND LIGHT AMBER During the 1990s, some purebred Norwegian Forest Cats in Sweden produced chocolate/lilac and cinnamon/fawn offspring. However, those colours are not found in the purebred Norwegian Forest Cat gene pool
... Vitamiin A :(retinool): organismile tasakaalu ja kaitset pakkuv antioksüdant, tagab silmade, limaskesta ja maksa tervise, vajalik luukoe, hammaste ja kõhrede arenguks, oluline spermatosoidide ja platsenta arenguks ja rakkude ehituseks kasvavale organismile. Retinoic acid is a derivate of vitamine A and a member of the steroid supefamily. Retinoic acid activates a unique class of transcription factors - retinoid receptors- that modulate the expression of a number of target genes. Peptide hormone provide another class of inuctive signals, including those that belong to the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and transforming growth factor(TGF) families. Ano their petide hormone essential for neural induction is sonic hedgehog(shh). These molecules, like retioic acid are produced by a variety of embryonic tissues including the notochord the floorplate, and the neural ectoderm itself, they bind to cell surface receptors, many which are protein kinases.
What holds for visual patterns also holds for language. Many utterances are ambiguous. If presented out of context, they can be undestrood in several different ways. For example, ,,The mayor ordered the police to stop drinking". · May be a command to enforce sobriety among the population at large · May be a call to end drunkenness among the police force How it is understood depends on the context. Perceptual world of infants: Other psychological accomplishments seem to be part of the innate equipment that all of us bring into the world when we were born. ( EX: infant's reaction to heights ) The visual cliff- an infant is placed on the center board of a heavy sheet of glass and his mother calls to him. If he is the deep side of the cliff, he will not crawl across the apparent cliff.This suggests that the perception of depth is not learned through experience, but is built into our system at the very start.
loomist. · Peale rolli mängimise seente levikus, on SNARE ka seotud postinvasiivsete kaitsekihtide regulatsiooniga. · Odra Qa + Qb-SNARE kodeerimisgeeni HvSNAP34 (AtSNAP33-e ortoloog) inaktiveerimine , näitas suurenenud seente sisenemismäära täielikult resistentses mlo genotüübis. · On pakutud, et Qa-SNARE fosforülatsioon võib olla säilinud esialgne vastus erinevat tüüpi taime kaitses. · In the present study we identified 35 SNARE genes from wheat genome using homology searches. It is expected that wheat, havinglarge genome size (16.94 Gb), might contain many more SNARE genes. · We identified three SNARE homologue genes (SNARE3, SNARE5 and SNARE6) from the wheat cultivar HD2329 + Lr28 using homology searches. · The phylogenetic tree shows that SNARE3 and SNARE5 belong to Qc II group and SNARE6 belong to Qb II group. · With the help of Modeller software 3-D structures were predicted for all the three SNARE genes
official age begins.- · The significance of this shift in belief is vast in that the original view led to the notion that we are victims of our biology. Whereas the `new' sciences show that we are actually masters of our biology. · Rogerian theory- http://rogeriannursingscience.wikispaces.com/ · Thomas R. Verny- one of the world's leading authorities on the effect of the prenatal and early postnatal environment on personality development. Andmebaaside paroolid · Eesti Raamatukogude Elektronkataloog ESTER · Tartu Raamatukogude Elektronkataloog ESTER · Tartu Tervishoiu Kõrgkooli Raamatukogu Elektroonkataloog (Vali maakond--Koolid; Oma kogu--Tartu Tervishoiu Kõrgkool) · EBSCO - Kasutaja: s9005292 Parool: Password Kasutusjuhend serveris raamatukogu all · Journal of Advanced Nursing - · Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing
making a grilled cheese, her mirror frame, and whether her computer monitor is on. She is beginning an intensive three-year research project involving electrodes surgically implanted in her eye, a camera on the bridge of her nose and a video processor strapped to her waist. The project, involving patients in the United States, Mexico and Europe, is part of a burst of recent research aimed at one of science's most-sought-after holy grails: making the blind see. Some of the 37 other participants further along in the project can differentiate plates from cups, tell grass from sidewalk, sort white socks from dark, distinguish doors and windows, identify large letters of the alphabet, and see where people are, albeit not details about them. Linda Morfoot, 65, of Long Beach, Calif., blind for 12 years, says she can now toss a ball into a basketball hoop, follow her nine grandchildren as they run around her living room and "see where the preacher is" in church.
How much do you know about biology? What is biology? Biology is a natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy.[1] Biology is a vast subject containing many subdivisions, topics, and disciplines. Although biology in its modern form is a relatively recent development, sciences related to and included within it have been studied since ancient times. Natural philosophy was studied as early as the ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indian subcontinent, and China. Much of modern biology can be encompassed within five unifying principles: cell theory, evolution, genetics, homeostasis, and energy. Cell theory states that the cell is the fundamental unit of life, and that all living things are composed of one or more cells or the secreted products
activation of the sympathetic nervous system. It is implicated in stress response. AFFERENT – Carrying information towards a particular group of neurones (compare efferent*). AGONIST – A neurotransmitter or a drug which binds to a receptor and triggers a cascade of intracellular signalling leading to changes in the membrane potential. AMINO ACID – A chemical made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen, which is a building unit of all proteins* and other biologically important substances. AMINO ACID NEUROTRANSMITTERS – A group of fast acting neurotransmitters* which includes glutamate (excitatory) and GABA (gamma-amino butyric acid, inhibitory). AMNESIA – Loss of memory. AMYGDALA – A structure in the forebrain which is a component of the limbic* system. It is implicated in control of emotions. ANTAGONIST – A chemical which blocks receptors* and stops (inhibits) the effects of agonists*. ANTERIOR – Towards the front, e.g
All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor men- tioned in this book. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Handbook of meat processing / edited by Fidel Toldrá. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8138-2182-5 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Meat—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Meat industry and trade—Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Toldrá, Fidel. TS1960.H36 2010 664′.9—dc22
potential, then investors can lose all or most of their investment. High tech is often viewed as high risk, but offering the opportunity for high profits. Like Big Science, high technology is an international phenomenon, spanning continents, epitomized by the worldwide communication of the Internet. Thus a multinational corporation might work on a project 24 hours a day, with teams waking and working with the advance of the sun across the globe; such projects might be in software development or in the development of an integrated circuit. The help desks of a multinational corporation might thus employ, successively, teams in Kenya, Brazil, the Philippines, or India, with the only requirement fluency in the mother tongue, be it Spanish, Portuguese or English. OECD has two different approaches: sector and product (industry) approaches. High-tech sectors The sector approach classifies industries according their technology intensity, product approach according to finished products.
2007-2008 Supervised by xxx Word count: 7261 Emotion regulation in relation.. 2 Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the association between psychological and the biological stress response. It is known that humans, interacting with each other or their environment, have emotional reactions that are individually regulated. These emotional responses are linked to changes in autonomic and neuroendocrine systems, which are essential for metabolic support when preparing the body for action. Since emotion can influence such important processes like learning, decision-making, memory and consequently health and welfare of the individual then dysfunctional regulation of emotions can lead to psychopathology. A total of 26 healthy, non
Formaldehyde Formaldehyde is a colorless, flammable gas at room temperature. It has a pungent, distinct odor and may cause a burning sensation to the eyes, nose, and lungs at high concentrations. Formaldehyde is also known as methanal, methylene oxide, oxymethylene, methylaldehyde, and oxomethane. Formaldehyde can react with many other chemicals, and it will break down into methanol (wood alcohol) and carbon monoxide at very high temperatures. Formaldehyde is naturally produced in very small amounts in our bodies as a part of our normal, everyday metabolism and causes us no harm. It can also be found in the air that we breathe at home and at work, in the food we eat, and in some products that we put on our skin. A major source of formaldehyde that we breathe every day is found in smog in the lower atmosphere. Automobile
Researches have shown that biofilms are related to the chronicity because of the increased antimicrobial resistance and it is considerable defence mechanism for being washed away or destroyed by bovine tear secretions. One of the main defence factors in the bovine tear is lysozyme. Studies have shown that lysozyme have ability to reduce the production of biofilms, but do not have the capacity to destroy the preformed biofilms (Ely et al., 2017). In addition to the tear film there are other protection factors such as epithelium, phagocytic cells, local secretory antibody. Cornea and conjunctiva epithelial surface are an effective barrier against bacteria invasion. Due to the regeneration of epithelial cells take place every 5-7 days, therefore microorganism must stick to cells in order to infect them, and this continuous turnover of epithelial cells slows down bacterial adhesion (Postma et al., 2007). In conclusion tear films
You've probably heard that drugs are bad for you, but what does that mean and why are they bad? Medicines Are Legal Drugs If you've ever been sick and had to take medicine, you already know about one kind of drugs. Medicines are legal drugs, meaning doctors are allowed to prescribe them for patients, stores can sell them, and people are allowed to buy them. But it's not legal, or safe, for people to use these medicines any way they want. Cigarettes and Alcohol Cigarettes and alcohol are two other kinds of legal drugs. (In Estonia, adults 18 can buy cigarettes and alcohol.) But smoking and excessive drinking are not healthy for adults and off limits for kids. Nicotine is the drug in tobacco leaves. Whether someone smokes, chews, or sniffs tobacco, he or she is delivering nicotine to the brain. Each cigarette contains about 10 milligrams of nicotine. Nicotine is what keeps people smoking despite its harmful effects. Because the
experiments by Rosenzweig and Bennett. Neurotransmission experiment by Martinez and Kesner. 4) Case studies: Phineas Gage studied by Dr John Harlow and Oliver Sack's study on Dr P. Discuss how and why particular research methods are used at the biological level of analysis. Biological researchers often adopt a reductionist approach to the study of human behavior. They work on a micro-level of research, breaking down complex behavior into its smallest parts (e.g. genes, neurotransmitters or proteins). This approach is sometimes criticized for being overly simplistic, but it is important to have detailed information of the components of human behavior in order to understand the interaction of several factors. Kasamatsu and Hirai studied a group of Buddhist monks who went on a 72-hour pilgrimage to a holy mountain in Japan. During this time the monks did not eat, drink or speak and were exposed to cold, autumn weather. About 48 hours later they started
for their independence, and in 1918 the Republic of Estonia was established and endured until 1940. In the summer of that year the Soviet Union occupied all three Baltic states. As a result of the deep inner crisis within the Soviet Empire it became possible to re-establish the Estonian Republic in August 1991. A month later Estonia joined the United Nations. In 1997 the population reached 1.462 million; from this Estonians total 65% (950,124) and other nationalities 35%. The capital Tallinn, mentioned for the first time in 1154, has a population of 434,800 (1995). Other important towns are Tartu, Kohtla-Järve, Narva and Pärnu. Estonia is a developed industrial and agricultural country. In industrial output: oil shale, electrical energy, mineral fertilisers, paper, chemicals, building material, and textile production are prominent. In agriculture: milk, milk products, meat, grain, potatoes, fruits and vegetables.
Michael Buffer has presumably profited than any other person on Earth by venturing inside a boxing ring -- and never throwing a left hook. Cradle is no weakling. Be that as it may, his manicured hands, splendidly coiffed hair, and glimmering white teeth authenticate a real existence dependent on an option that is other than his clench hands. He goes to each battle wearing a tuxedo. What's more, when he's inside the ring, he does what radical guardians tell their youngsters when confronting a battle. He utilizes his mouth. So before the clench hands begin flying, he lets out the one cry that procures him his living. It's a cry that he can do like nobody else -- by not just by goodness of his brilliant lungs and throat, however by law. What's more, it goes: "We should Get Ready to Ruuummmmmmbbbbllllle!"
Soon, this subcultural phenomenon gained the attention and respect in the ‘grown-up’ world. From the fingers and cans of teenagers, it had taken a form of true artistic expression. Although still subversive, and in its large part an illegal movement, through art enthusiasts and professionals, street art earned its place in the contemporary art world. Thus, street art gave birth to artists who create breathtaking murals, and those who have incorporated video art and other performative aspects to creative work ‘on the streets’. To understand the history of street art, one must immerse oneself into the energy of this sublime cultural phenomenon, as an admirer, but perhaps as a creator as well. (Maric B. The History of Street Art, 2014 [https://www.widewalls.ch/the-history-of-street-art/] 20.12.17) NYC subway 3. GRAFFITI AND STREET ART ARE NOT THE SAME THING
The PlayStation 3 (slated to appear at the end of 2004) may use a 3GHz processor, 512Mb RAM, a 120Gb hard disk, and render 2 billion polygons per second. The Xbox 2 (due at the end of 2006) may employ a Pentium 4, a clock speed of 1GHz, 1Gb RAM, a 160Gb hard disk, and render 2-3 billion polygons per second. 1.3. High and Low Profile Games Marner distinguishes between high profile and low profile games [Marner 2002]. A high profile game is endowed with massive development costs (perhaps US$5 million or more), a generous advertising budget, a large development staff, and a very visible presence for game retailers and magazines. To recoup the enormous upfront expenses, high profile games tend to utilise cutting-edge graphics (which require high hardware performance), and tie-ins with other media such as movies or books. A low profile game is aimed at a smaller market, and may be limited to a single platform, or user community
time. Additional commercial equipment for CE offers the possibility of automatic sample introduction, micropreparative fraction collection, computer control and data collection, as well as the registration of samples by Ultraviolet (UV)fluorescent, electrochemical or radiochemical detectors (Беккёр, 2009). History and development History of the electrophoresis started in 1807, when professor of the Moscow University, F. Reis discovered phenomena such as electroosmosis and electrophoresis. However, the practical use of this process in biology and medicine began much later and is associated with the name of the chemistry Nobel Prize winner Arne Tizelius, who in the 30s year of the last
electricity and gas. No strong actor provides unbiased DH support. In the Czech Republic, gas offers DH severe competition. Much DH is produced at the expense of electricity that is considered more valuable, and waste incineration is not popular. In Romania, DH consumption was reduced by one-half. Distribution losses are enormous. New less polluting plants are needed. Consortia from established DH countries could offer DH systems from fuel to customer if local policies facilitate DH development. Introduction This paper describes barriers to district heating (DH) in various parts of Europe and to Swedish involvement in district-heating business abroad. The paper is based on a report called "District Heating in Europe: Barriers to overcome for Swedish export" , which was prepared for The Swedish District Heating Association. The losses by energy conversion in Europe are of the same magnitude as the European heat demand and consist mainly of heat that is wasted by electricity generation
interested researchers are aware of the future scenario that lies ahead for the future. 7 1. A CATEGORIZATION OF METHODS FOR AUTOMATIC FABRIC PILLING ASSESSMENT USING MACHINE VISION In the last decades automated visual inspection (AVI) of fabrics for quality control faced an increasing trend in the textile industry due to the considerable development of technologies related to vision systems. Several approaches have been proposed in scientific literature [3-6] employing image processing-based methods and statistical parameters (such as mean, variance and median) for defect detection on fabrics. Pilling measurement using machine vision systems makes no exception: a number of methodologies have been proposed in order to explore automatic or semi-automatic pills detection and classification
the failures at the root level. 2.1 Problems Many studies of the problems and causes for the problems mostly point out the same issues associated with construction industry. The nature of the construction industry is very often characterized as the following (Koskela2 1992): Low productivity Poor safety Inferior working conditions Insufficient quality The construction industry is seen as an unproductive production system if compared with other industries, e.g., car manufacturing (Koskela and Vrijhoef 2001; Winch 1998). High levels of waste and unpredictability in terms of delivery, time, budget, profitability and standards of quality combine to 2 Professor, School of the Built Environment, University of Salford, Salford, UK. One of the founders of IGLC. Suggested TFV theory in 2000 as his PhD thesies. 10
225 Wildwood Avenue Woburn, MA 01801-2041 Tel: 781-904-2500 Fax: 781-904-2620 For information on all Newnes publications available, contact our World Wide Web home page at: http://www.newnespress.com 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America Contents Preface ix Introduction xi 1 System Design 1 Dynamic Range 1 Calibration 2 Bandwidth 5 Processor Throughput 6 Avoiding Excess Speed 7 Other System Considerations 8 Sample Rate and Aliasing 11 2 Digital-to-Analog Converters 13 Analog-to-Digital Converters 15 Types of ADCs 17 Sample and Hold 26 Real Parts 29 Microprocessor Interfacing 30 Serial Interfaces 36 Multichannel ADCs 41 Internal Microcontroller ADCs 41 Codecs 42 Interrupt Rate 43 Dual-Function Pins on Microcontrollers 43
CAM – Computer-aided manufacturing CATIA – Computer Aided Three-dimensional Interactive Application CFD – Computational fluid dynamics CNC – Computer numeric control DAM – Denver Art Museum FTP – File transfer protocol GC – General contractor HVAC – Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning IT – Information technology IFC – Industry Foundation Classes MEP – Mechanical, electrical and plumbing RFI – Request for information R&D – Research and development SCL – Seattle Central Library SEI – Structural Engineering Institute VD – Virtual design VDC – Virtual design and construction 4 Introduction With the turn of the millennium, a revolution began in architecture, engineering and the construction industry, aimed at implementing the latest three-dimensional computer aided tools to improve efficiency
following criteria and pass the test of authenticity: Represent a masterpiece of human creative genius; Have exerted great influence, over a span of time or within a cultural area of the world, on developments in engineering theory, technology, construction, transportation, and communication; Be an outstanding example of a type which illustrates a significant stage in bridge engineering or technological developments. A World Heritage bridge, like other properties, must meet the test of authenticity in design, materials, workmanship, or setting (the Committee has stressed that reconstruction is only acceptable if carried out on the basis of complete and detailed documentation of the original artefact and to no extent on conjecture). The criteria of authenticity may apply to Japanese bridges like the Kintaikyo spanning the Nishiki River in Iwakuni or Palladio's bridge over the River Brenta at Bassano a Grappa near Venice (Italy)
Slide 1 Good morning/afternoon/evening! My name is //////// and my topic is food microstructure and starch digestion. The presentation is approximately 7-10 minutes long and I will be glad to answer your questions at the end. Slide 2 Starch is important carbohydrate in human diet containing in potatoes, maize, rice, cassava. It is produced by most green plants as energy source. Pure starch is a white, tasteless and odorless powder that is insoluble in cold water or alcohol. It consists of two types of molecules: the linear and helical amylose and the branched amylopectin. Depending on the plant, starch generally contains 20 to 25% amylose and 75 to 80% amylopectin by weight. Glycogen, the glucose store of animals, is a more highly branched version of amylopectin. In industry, starch is converted into sugars, for example by malting, and fermented to produce ethanol in the manufacture of beer, whisky and biofuel. It is processed to produce many of the sugars used in processed foods. The
cooling, cleaning, preparing food, transportation, and communication devices. They discovered that the amount of energy used for any purpose could be measured in different ways. Light bulbs are measured in watts. Air conditioners and hot water heaters are measured in BTUs, while energy used by cars is measured in gallons of fuel. They used a spreadsheet to figure out how much energy they consumed for each of their activities. Each of the lights, car miles, games, and other appliances was converted to a common unit of power consumption called kilowatt-hours. The spreadsheet was used to determine how many kilowatt-hours were used during each day, each week, and each year for each energy consumption activity. The spreadsheet converted their energy consumption to show them the amount of money it costs for each energy consumption activity. In the end, they were shocked to see how much money Jules' energy using habits cost compared to Les' habits. USES OF ENERGY
neid ohutult teraapias. · iPS rakkude kasutamine võiks olla lubatud selliste tervislike seisundite puhul, kus võimaliku vähkkasvaja ning ootamatute seisundite tekke oht on oluliselt väiksem kui ravi efektiivsus. · Kui suudame soodustada ESC uurimist, on lootust et meie teadmised nendest aitavad lahendada eetilisi probleeme, ning nende ohutus ja efektiivsus aitab meil ravida palju seni ravimata haigusi. Geeniteraapia · Genes, which are carried on chromosomes, are the basic physical and functional units of heredity · When genes are altered so that the encoded proteins are unable to carry out their normal functions, genetic disorders can result · Gene therapy is a technique for correcting defective genes responsible for disease development Somatic gene therapy · is when therapeutic genes are transferred into the somatic cells of a patient, meaning
..............................7 2.1.2. Growth and cost trends................................................................................8 2.1.3. Theoretical potential.....................................................................................9 2.1.4. Benefits of wind energy................................................................................10 2.2. Solar Energy........................................................................................................11 2.2.1 Development, deployment and economics................................................12 2.3. Hydroenergy.......................................................................................................13 2.4. Geothermal Energy............................................................................................14 2.5. Biomass Energy....................................................................................................16 3. Conclusion..................................................
The Web information is then placed at the end of the reference. It is important to use "Retrieved from" and the date because documents on the Web may change in content, move, or be removed from a site altogether. To cite a Web site in text (but not a specific document), it is sufficient to give the address (e.g., http://www.apa.org) there. No reference entry is needed. Here is an example of how to cite material posted on the APA's Web page. A similar format can be used to cite other sources, as long as the medium and the path are sufficiently identified. An article from the American Psychologist: Jacobson, J. W., Mulick, J. A., & Schwartz, A. A. (1995). A history of facilitated communication: Science, pseudoscience, and antiscience: Science working group on facilitated communication. American Psychologist, 50, 750-765. Retrieved January 25, 1996 from the World Wide Web: http://www.apa.org/joumals/jacobson.html
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