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American Art Revision Materials Colonial Period Portraiture. The first typically American paintings were illustrated maps but painting remained scarce during C17. There were 4 reasons: settlers came from backgrounds where art was unusual, Protestant attitudes was averse to imagery and painting, the English were not yet distinguished in visual arts and religious art was non-existent. The colonial period is almost entirely limited to portraiture (deemed as `useful' by settlers). These first paintings were made
KUBISM Kubism on 20. sajandi kunstivool, mis hakkas kujunema Pariisis 1907. aastal Pablo Picasso ja Georges Braque'i töödes. Kubistide eelkäijaks oli Paul Cézanne. Mõiste "kubism" võttis kasutusele prantsuse kriitik Louis Vauxcelles ja see vihjab kuubist lähtuvale kujutamisele. Kriitik kirjeldas Braque'i töid 1908. aastal väljendiga bizarreries cubiques (kuubilised veidrused). Kubistide eesmärk oli vabastada teos jutustavast sisust ja kujutada asju (muusikainstrumendid, natüürmordid, maastikud jne) geomeetrilistena (kuup, silinder jne), tükeldatud pindadena või stereomeetrilistena (kujutada esemeid ühekorraga mitmest vaatevinklist). Algset kubismi, perioodi, mis algas 1909. aastal, nimetatakse analüütiliseks kubismiks. Seda perioodi iseloomustab motiivide (majad, puud ja natüürmordid) lahutamine justkui algosadeks (geomeetrilisteks kujunditeks) ning nendest uue pildi ülesehitamine. Teine, hilisem vool kubismis, kannab nime s
THE PRE-RAPHAELITES The PRB was formed in 1848 in London and it was an association of painters, poets, critics, sculptors. It was founded by three Royal Academy students who wanted to brake free from the academic art and return to the moral and descriptive truthfulness that they felt was gone from art. (The Royal Academy of Arts is and institution with a purpose to promote the creation, enjoyment and appreciation of the visual arts through exhibitions, education and debate.). The founders were William Hunt, John Millais, Dante Rossetti. Because of the fact that they were all students they were also very young- the oldest one, Hunt, was 21. They were soon joined by William Rossetti(critic), James Collison(painter), Frederic Stephens (critic), Thomas Woolner(sculptor). The three youthful Pre-Raphaelites deliberately challenged the established view of art, drawing up a manifesto of their intentions and publishing them in the four issues of a periodical called
([http://artradarjournal.com/2010/01/21/what-is-street-art- vandalism-graffiti-or-public-art-part-i/] 14.01.18) 2. WHERE DID IT COME FROM? Some of the earliest expressions of street art were certainly the graffiti which started showing up on the sides of train cars and walls. This was the work of gangs in the 1920s and 1930s New York. The impact of this subversive culture was extraordinarily felt in the 1970s and 1980s. This cultural movement was recorded in the book The History of American Graffiti, by Roger Gastman and Caleb Neelon. These decades were a significant turning point in the history of street art – it was a time when young people, by responding to their socio-political environment, started creating a movement, taking the ‘battle for meaning’ into their own hands. Soon, this subcultural phenomenon gained the attention and respect in the ‘grown-up’ world. From the fingers and cans of teenagers, it had taken a form of true artistic expression. Although
The Renaissance Between 14th and 16th century in Europe From French word rebirth It was an age of growth in Europe. New, powerful city states emerged. A new middle class had more and more money to spend. Great artists, writers and thinkers lived during this time. During the Middle Ages many people who lived in the countryside worked on the land that they got from the noblemen. In return, they were protected by them Between the middle and the end of the 14th century, the plague, also called "Black Death" killed almost half of Europe's population. It spread most rapidly in the larger cities where many people lived. This led to economic depression. When the plague slowly decreased in the 15th century, the population in Europe began to grow. A new middle class emerged --bankers, merchants and trades people had a new market for their services. People became wealthier and had more than enough money to spend. They began to build larger houses, buy more expensive cloth
applied within a structure to achieve a built interior environment. The interior design process follows a systematic and coordinated methodology, including research, analysis, and integration of knowledge into the creative process, whereby the needs and resources of the client are satisfied to produce an interior space that fulfills the project goals. Baroque Baroque (pronounced /brok/ b-ROHK in American English or /brk/ in British English) is an artistic style prevalent from the late 16th century to the early 18th century in Europe.[1] It is most often defined as "the dominant style of art in Europe between the Mannerist and Rococo eras, a style characterized by dynamic movement, overt emotion and self-confident rhetoric". The popularity and success of the Baroque style was encouraged by the Roman Catholic Church,
the attentions of Jacques-Louis David: "Yet the Horatii has long been regarded as subversive, or to use the term that has gained recent currency, it is seen in some quarters as prerevolutionary. To see the work as prerevolutionary is different than seeing it as "fully republican" as critics once did. L.D. Ettlinger repudiated that idea in 1967, when he explained that David was neither political nor republican when he painted the Horatii."(Roberts, 1989, p.18) Moreover, in 1978 Thomas crow, an American art historian, published an article which revived the historical dispute about David's intentions with his Horatii. Crow claimed that Horatii was definitely a prerevolutionary painting and that Ettlinger's idea of Horatii being republican is false. (Roberts, 1989, p.19) In 1781 David exhibited his painting Belisarius, which was based on a legend of Belisarius, who was a victorious and noble military general falsely accused of betrayal. (Rosenblum, Woldemar, 1984, p
English literature is one of the oldest literatures in Europe; dates back to the 6th century AD. Oral literature, i.e. not written down, spread from person to person. In 449 AD Anglo-‐Saxon tribes invaded England – beginning of the Anglo-‐Saxon period in English literature. The first form of literature was folklore, carried by scops and gleemen, who sang in alliterative verse (a kind of simple poetry). Prose developed much later. The first form of recorded English literature was the epic Beowulf, which was produced sometime near the end of the 7th and beginning �
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