The Great
Guild
Liisbeth Kallakmaa
The Great Guild
Medieval Tallinn's social institutions were guilds and brotherhoods, whose main function
was to provide members with social interactions and ensure their rights , but also played
an important political and economic role .
Tallinn had three important guilds - The Great Guild, St. Canute's Guild and St. Olaf 's guild.
The Great Guild was the youngest among them , founded in the 14th century , but soon
became the biggest and most important.
It was founded as an organization of the wealthiest merchants and shipowners. The name
of the Great Guild was introduced in the late 15th century.
There were close ties between the guild and the town rules: only members of the Great
Guild had the right to belong to the town council and could be elected for mayor .
Tallinn's small coat of arms is also the Great Guild's coat of arms. Guild was led by
Alderman, with the assistance of two advisers. Guild only accepted merchants, who
had a house, wife and who was local .
Great Guild activity ended in 1920, when Estonia abolished guilds.
The Great Guild Hall
The Great Guild Hall is one of the most outstanding buildings of medieval Tallinn. In 1406,
it was purchased Burgomaster Gosschalk Schotelmund's house on Pikk street .
In 1410, the construction was completed. Same year the Great Guild moved into the
building .
The facade was designed in a style characteristic of gothic Tallinn.
The 16th century witnessed the addition of a gable tower with wind vane, as well as a light
latern above the main portal. In 1551, the excise chamber was built at the end of Börsi
passage facing Pikk street.
The Great Guild Hall
The wind vane and coat of
arms
In the 19th century, the Guild Hall's windows were remodelled in the neo-gothic style and
the interior of the building was renovated. It was decorated with prominent neo-gothic
doors.
Originally the house consisted of two spacious halls. The grand hall was the largest hall in
Tallinn used for secular purposes.
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2 Towns (Upper & Lower Town) Tallinn used to be divided into 2 parts - Upper Town where lived the aristocracy, gentry and the clergy; and Lower Town with traders, craftsmen and merchants. Legend says the Toompea Hill is actually the tumulus mound of the great Kalev. Linda carried rocks to his grave. It is a naturally- formed limestone hill. Lower Town was a merchantile centre, Tallinn also belonged to the Hansaetic League (1285). It is often referred to as the town of citizens. Any grown-up, married and economically independent person, born in a legal marriage between two free people and having lived in the town for at least 3 months, could apply to the Magistracy for citizenship. Serfs could escape from serdom after
Middle Ages Cute miniature shop where the bakery was belonged to a former whose family coat of arms are still decorating the door. The Holy Spirit church It was built in 1360.This church plays an important role in Estonian cultural history. The first sermons in Estonian language were held in this church in order for the local people to understand the Bible stories. The church's altar is made by the famous Lübeck master Bernt Notke. The Great Guild house The impressive building of the Great Guild is in late Gothic style During centuries the building, has been used for merchants feasts and receptions, rented out for marriages and also used for court sittings and theatre performances. It has also been rebuilt many times The Great Guild Hall is the home of the Estonian History Museum, which houses a number of treasures, including porcelain, ethnography, antiques and art objects. St.Olaf church
modern medicines. Medieval medicinal ingredients like bat powder and snakeskin are no longer available, but you can still try the fine spiced claret, renowned already in the Middle Ages. The House of the Brotherhood of Blackheads is nearly the only preserved Renaissance building in Tallinn. The Brotherhood of Blackheads emerged in 1399. The Brotherhood united the young, single merchants before they could be accepted into the Great Guild, as well as foreign merchants who were residing in Tallinn for longer periods but not permanently. The name of the Brotherhood is associated with their patron, the black St. Mauritius, an early Christian martyr who died in Switzerland around 280300 A.D. His head is the mascot on the Brotherhood's coat of arms. The Brotherhood was active only in Estonia and Latvia, unknown in the rest of Europe. Members of the Brotherhood left Tallinn in the 1940s.
On one side of the square, there was the House of Weights and Measures where all imported goods were weighed and measured before they got into the shop. There were also two pillories the big and the small one in the square. The culprits and those who were sentenced to death were brought to the pillory. The small pillory was fixed to the wall of the Town Hall. The punishment was carried out by the hangman and his assistants and was considered a great shame and dishonour. A round stone slab in the square signifies the place of the pillory. Pharmacy The Town Council Pharmacy is the oldest medical establishment in Tallinn and it is one of the oldest pharmacies in Europe that has worked at the same place since the early 15th century. Beside medicine, the pharmacy sold all sorts of different products in the Middle Ages. One could buy sweets, preserves, marzipan and cookies. The pharmacy sold
1943), at Kristjan Raud House Museum located in Nõmme, in the premises of the final home of the artist. Kadriorg Art Museum The Kadriorg palace and park were founded by the Russian czar Peter I. According to the designs of the architect Niccolo Michetti, invited from Rome, the palace was built after the Italian villas, consisting of a main building and of two annexes. The well-preserved great hall is one of the best examples of Baroque architecture not only in Estonia but also in the whole Northern Europe. Besides Russian and Italian artists, masters from Stockholm, Riga and Tallinn took part in its building work. The two-storied hall is decorated with rich stucco work and ceiling paintings. The vestibule and some other rooms in the main building, as well as some of the stoves have retained their 18th-century appearance.
many. In 1219 the Danes showed up as part of the Northern Crusade to subjugate the Baltics and convert the local pagans to Christianity whether they wanted to or not. The Danes improved the fortifications and expanded the town, which became part of the Hanseatic League, a trading organization of a hundred northern cities. The Danes sold Tallinn to the Livonan Order, a branch of the Teutonic Knights, in 1346. The Swedes came next in 1561. Tallinn weathered plague and the Great Northern War and became part of Russia in 1710. In 1918, Estonia declared independence from Russia and fought a bitter war against Bolshevik Russia. Independence didn’t last long, however, and the fledgling nation fell first to the Nazis and then the Soviets during World War II. Despite all this conquering, Tallinn’s historic core has survived remarkably intact. Much of the 14th century city wall still stands, including a couple of
Grave monument of Ferdinand von Tiesenhausen 1806 12. Christian Ackermann Pulpit 1686 13. Johann Gustav Stockenberg Grave monument of Fabian von Fersen Last decades of the 17th century 14. Johann Gustav Stockenberg Grave monument of Otto Reinhold von Taube Last decades of the 17th century 15. Ciacomo Quarenghi Grave monument of Samuel Greigh 1788 16. Johann Gottfried Exner Grave monument of Adam Johann von Krusestern 1848 17. Grave slab of the Toompea butcher's guild 1760 18. Grave slab of the shoemaker's guild 1760 The cathedral of Saint Mary the Virgin in Tallinn .http://www.eelk.ee/~eelk109/english.htm The Organ The Tallinn Dome Church organ, that was built in 1878 by an organ builder of Weissenfeld Friedrich Landegast , rebuilt in 1913/14 by a famous German organbuilding enterprise Orgelwerkstatt Wilhelm Sauer and renovated by Christian Scheffler (Frankfurt/Oder), has an outstanding position in world organ-history. The organ is a
Mauritius completed his studies at the University of Paris, which was then the best in Europe. On his return to his native land Mauritius kept in touch with colleagues in Germany. His intellectual stature is indicative of the quality of the monastery's leadership. The offerings made on the occasion of such family festivals made a significant contribution to the monastery's finances. The various guilds gave gifts when their feast days were celebrated. The Merchant Guild, for example, each year in December gave the friars a tun of meat, a tun of codfish, and a tun of peas. Rich burgers left legacies to the monastery for the privilege of having a family tomb in the church, But these did not suffice to sustain all those whom the monastery housed. The friars, in consequence, becaipe farmers and fish-mongers. In addition they ran a brewery, which produced four different kinds of beer. In northern
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