Estonian sculptors, has been standing for several decades. Lai Street stretches from Nunne Street to Pikk Street. Parallel with Pikk Street, Lai Street, too, ends at the Great Coast Gate (first mentioned 1359). Lai Street is very wide considering that it was laid out in the Middle Ages. This is because it sprang up on both sides of former city wall. Lai is quite a peaceful street with few shops. However, it has three museums and two theatres. The main entrance into St Olaf´s Church also faces the street. Several Lai Street houses have kept their Gothic appearance and even interiors, although we can also notice moderate Nordic Baroque, Neoclassicicm, Historicism and even Art Nouveau. The origin of the name "Lai" Lai Street belongs among the oldest streets of Tallinn. Despite its length and width its share in the city's inner traffic is fairly modest. The extraordinary width of the street is likely due to
of trade between East and West: furs, honey, leather and seal fat moved west, while salt, cloth, herring and wine moved east. Its geographical position was very favourable, with its wide bay protected by the two outlying islands of Aegna and Naissaar for a large port. Tallinn developed along three lines: fortress, port and market town. Tallinn grew rapidly and had developed into a well-known trading centre by the 15th century. Unfortunately, prosperity did not last long due to the weakening of the Hanseatic League, epidemics, hunger and wars. Sweden finally managed to take control of the whole of Estonia in 1629. Their rule ended after the Northern War in 1710 when Estonia was joined to the Russian Empire. Life changed for the better thanks to the opening of a railway line from St. Petersburg to Tallinn in 1870. Tallinn grew into a major port and an industrial centre, with huge shipyards
then being Kolyvan (probably derived from the name Kalev). In the 13th-century Chronicle of Henricus de Lettis the town was called Lyndanise. Later came Reval (presumably after the old county of Rävala), the name used by the Germans who ruled the country for seven centuries. Russians then modified Reval to Revel. For Estonians, the town came to be called Tallinn from Taanilinn (Danish town) after Danish conquest in the 13th century. Over the course of time, Taanilinn was shortened to Tallinn The place is believed to have been settled by Finno-Ugric peoples about 2500 BC. The Danes, led by King Valdemar II, conquered northern Estonia in 1219. Legend has it that one day, when the Danes were about to lose a bloody battle, the sky suddenly opened and a red flag with a white cross on it dropped down upon them from the heavens. This is allegedly how the Danes obtained
1. Fat Margareta - 16. Cent. Tallinn's most impressive defensive structures, the Great Coastal Gate (Suur Rannavärav) and Fat Margaret's Tower. They were built not only to defend the city from the seaward side of town, but also to impress any visitors arriving via the harbour. Fat Margareta used to be a prison. It is a town wall's building. Now it's home to the Estonian Maritime Museum, which provides a detailed look at the nation's seafaring past. 2. The Great Coastal Gate - with the Viru Gates, are the last of six gates that controlled access to the town in Medieval times. 3. Kolm Õde - a hotel. In 2003, three of Tallinn's splendid merchant houses, built in 1362, were renovated and united to create The Three Sisters, which now offers modern amenities with great design and a
2 Towns (Upper & Lower Town) Tallinn used to be divided into 2 parts - Upper Town where lived the aristocracy, gentry and the clergy; and Lower Town with traders, craftsmen and merchants. Legend says the Toompea Hill is actually the tumulus mound of the great Kalev. Linda carried rocks to his grave. It is a naturally- formed limestone hill. Lower Town was a merchantile centre, Tallinn also belonged to the Hansaetic League (1285). It is often referred to as the town of citizens. Any grown-up, married and economically independent person, born in a legal marriage between two free people and having lived in the town for at least 3 months, could apply to the Magistracy for citizenship. Serfs could escape from serdom after having successfully hidden in town for a year and a day.
Turu Kael sidestreet. The market location perfectly suited for trade: five trade routes started there. The square is connected to Town Hall Square by a short sidestreet. Town Hall Square Was used as marketing place, for festivities as well as for executions. In summer it is filled with outdoors cafes In winter it becames a magical christmas market The L-shaped sigh There has been a town hall in Tallinn since at least 1322. Town Hall Built in 13th century The management of the city worked in the Town Hall until the year 1970 The only gothic town hall on Northern Europe Weathervane Old Thomas The height of the towe is 64 metres Town Hall pharmacy Is one of the oldest working pharmacies in Europe and the oldest company in Tallinn Was first mentioned in 1422 There were also sold other goods like: ground bats, dried frog feet etc You can try spiced wine claret which was known and valued during the middle
Tallinn Tallinn is a beautiful city in NorthEstonia. It is washed and influenced by the Gulf of Finland in the north. Tallinn has a lot on sights and I'm going to introduce some of them. Town Hall Square the square in front of Tallinn's Town Hall functioned as a marketplace for centuries, dating back to times even before the Town Hall itself was built. Through the years this served as a place of celebrations as well as executions. St. Olav's Church was the tallest church in Medieval Europe. The earliest data on St. Olav's Church come from 1267. Little is known about the building of this Gothic style church and its early years. Church of the Holy Ghost is the only sacred building from the 14th century in Tallinn that has preserved its original form
trade (16%) and transport and communication (14%). History. Tallinn has a great history. It was first marked on a map of the world by the Arab geographer al-Idrisi in 1154, its name then being Kolyvan. In the 13 th- century chronicle of Henricus de Lettis the town was called Lyndanise. Then it was called Reval for some time and finally Estonians started to call the town Tallinn from Taanilinn (Danish town) after the Danish conquest in the 13th century. The Knights of the Sword took Tallinn from the Danes in 1227 and made Toompea their fortress. In the middle of the 14th century Denmark sold its possessions in Estonia to the German Teutonic Order; Toompea became the seat of German-born gentry. A fortified wall was built between the Toompea (the Upper Town) and the Lower Town (inhabited by people of a lower social standing), as there were conflicts between the two. The doors and the gates of the wall were locked at night, a
What kind of city is Tallinn? What is it famous for? Old own The old City, city of Hanseatic sellers, was not an administrative part of a city (the Cathedral Hill) till the end of a XIX-th century. It was the centre of medieval marketing that has provided him well- being. Now it is the most popular place among tourists with shops and big variety of restaurants. It was opened 22 july 1718 year.Kadriorg it is the largest park in Tallinn.Kadriorg`s founder was the Peter I. He named the park in honour of his wife Ekaterine I. Y ou can walk around this beautiful park and enjoy delightful sights of nature. Tallinn Hall square is the area, popular in summer months and is
than true. A unique color is added by old-fashioned style and language. Tallinn has a long and complicated history. Tallinn has had more than twenty different names. Tallinn was for the first time mentioned in written sources in the Arab geographer al-Idrisi's in 1154. Tallinn has survived many historical events. Over the centuries, has Tallinn been reflected in ethnical stories - in numerous legends. In some areas the number of stories may reach tens. For example, a legend of St. Olaf's church, which is known around the legend of eighty, tells how the Estonians wanted that their city would be famous. The habitants of Tallinn let the chuch built by a mighty man. Unknown man said that he will build the church free if they guess his name. What in fackt happend. The church was named as its builder. And the sculpture of the snake and frog, which came out from Olaf'f mouth, are there nowadays. According to legend, there were some difficulties to find a right place where to build
into the enemy’s kitchen. The walls are 4 m thick, can see the cannons stuck in there. Tallinn City Museum. ● Town Wall (Unesco) - one of the greatest towers of Tallinn’s Town Wall, Old Town declared the UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997 Toompea ● Toompea is a limestone hill in the central of Tallinn. It towers about 30-40 metres above the surrounding areas. According to the legend, its the tumulus moundn over the grave of the national hero Kalev, erected stone by stone by his grieving wife Linda. While we don’t want to question this wonderful theory, there is an alternative version which says that Toompea is just a naturally formed limestone hill. ● It’s the birthplace of Tallinn - in 1229, the Knights of the Sword built a fortress - Toompea castle. It’s the most potent symbols of the reigning power. Today it’s the seat of the Government of Estonia as well as the Riigikogu.
died. The fall of a dear is called Reh-fall in German, so that's where the name Reval probably derives from. How the Toompea hill came into being Kalev, the father of the hero Kalevipoeg, was killed by his greatest enemy. His widow, Linda, mourned for seven days and eventually dug his grave and started to gather up large boulders to make him tumulus mound. So the tomb of the great King Kalev is what we call Toompea hill today. How the Lake Ülemiste was formed It is believed that once Linda was carrying boulders to make his husband a tomb, she got tired and one of the boulders fell from her apron. She sat on it and wept, thus
Art Museum of Estonia Art Museum of Estonia was founded on November 17th, 1919, but it was not until 1921 that it got its first permanent building the Kadriorg Palace, built in the 18th century. In 1929 the palace was expropriated from the Art Museum in order to rebuild it as the residence of the President of Estonia. The Art Museum of Estonia was housed in several different temporary spaces, until it moved back to the palace in 1946. In September, 1991 the Kadriorg Palace was closed, because it had totally deteriorated by then. At the end of the year the Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia decided to guarantee the construction of a new building for the Art Museum of Estonia in Kadriorg. Untill then the Knighthood House at Toompea Hill served as the temporary main building of the Art Museum of Estonia. The exhibition there was opened on April 1, 1993
TOOMPEA Toompea (from German Domberg – Cathedral Hill ) is a limestone hill with an area of about 7 hectares in the central part of Tallinn. It towers about 30-40 m above the surrounding areas. According to the legend it´s the tumulus mound over the grave of the national hero Kalev, erected stone by stone in his memory by his grieving wife Linda. It is the birthplace of Tallinn - a place where in 1229 the Knights of the Sword built a fortress instead of the wooden Estonian stronghold. Toompea Castle is also one of the most potent symbols of the reigning power. Today Toompea is the seat of the Government of Estonia as well as the Riigikogu, both of which are often simply colloquially referred to as Toompea.
defeated Boudicca. The city was rebuilt and was gradually surrounded with a wall of stone and brick which lasted for many centuries. During the archeological excavations in 1954 the Roman Temple of Mithras was revealed. It was a pagan temple dedicated to the Persian Sun-god. The Temple was later reconstructed only a short way from its original site and the relics are displayed in the Museum of London in the Barbican. At the end of the fourth century AD the Roman Empire began to crumble and the Roman armies were recalled from Britain to defend Rome itself. Once they had left Anglo-Saxons invaded and settled in Britain. They were farming people who preffered to live outside towns. For a while London probably lay in ruins, but it eventually developed again, partly because of its position on the river was good for trading. The Tower of London There is more of London's history in the Tower than anywhere else in London. It
koolinimi Report Legends of Tallinn Student: nimi Supervisor: nimi Tallinn 2010 Table Of Contents Table of Contents..................................................................................................................................2 Introduction......................................................................................................................................3 Legend of St. Olav's Church.......................................................................................................4 True story of St. Olav's Church..............................................................................................5 Legend of Old Thomas.....................................................................................................6 True story of Old Thomas......................................................................................
Thereof, shortly before his death, Edward named Harold as his successor even though he may already have promised the crown to a distant cousin, William Duke of Normandy. Edward's greatest achievement was the construction of a new cathedral, where virtually all English monarchs from William the Conqueror onward would be crowned. It was determined that the minster should not be built in London, and so a place was found to the west of the city (hence "Westminster"). The new church was consecrated at Christmas, 1065, but Edward could not attend due to illness. Some say, probably correctly, that Edward was a weak, but violent man and that his reputation for saintliness was overstated, possibly a sham perpetrated by the monks of Westminster in the twelfth century. Others seem to think that he was deeply religious man and a patient and peaceable ruler. Having warded off political threats, England during the last 15 years of Edward's reign was peaceful
Hagia Sophia Hagia Sophia is a former patriarchal basilica, later a mosque, now a museum in Istanbul, Turkey. Famous for its massive dome, it is considered the epitome of Byzantine architecture. It was the largest cathedral in the world for nearly a thousand years, until the completion of the Seville Cathedral in 1520. The current building was originally constructed as a church between 532 and 537 A.D. on the orders of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian, and was in fact the third Church of the Holy Wisdom to occupy the site. It was designed by two architects. Church contained a large collection of holy relics and featured, among other things, a 50 foot (15 m) silver iconostasis. It was the patriarchal church of the Patriarch of Constantinople and the religious focal point of the Eastern Orthodox Church for nearly 1000 years. In 1453 Sultan Mehmed II ordered the building to be converted into a mosque. The bells,
It is situated on the northern coast of the country, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, 80 km south of Helsinki, east of Stockholm and west of Saint Petersburg. Tallinn's Old Town is in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. It is ranked as a global city and has been listed among the top 10 digital cities in the world.The city was a European Capital of Culture for 2011, along with urku, Finland.Tallinn is the oldest capital inNorthern Europe. The city was known as Reval from the 13th century until the 1920s. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tallinn Old Tallinn The Old Town can historically be divided into two distinct areas: Toompea Hill and the Lower Old Town, which were separated by a dividing wall since medieval times. The elevated area of Toompea Hill with its castle was occupied by the residences of Tallinn's rulers and gentry. The Lower Old Town meanwhile developed as an autonomous merchantile centre, flourishing during the 13th-16th
could: "Run!" The second man jumped off his horse and rushed to the forest that was waiting some meters ahead. But then he remembered about the other rider, but when he turned the Devil`s Field was empty. His companion was gone as well the horses. The man was seriously scared now, but since he was one of the Royal Solders fear was not allowed to be shown in public. So he drew his half-iron, half-silver sword and decided to go back to the field, but then he thought: "Alec told me to run...It means I mustn`t return to That place anymore...What should I do?" Suddenly the cloudy autumn sky turned red and the rider heard some wild animal roaring. This was unacceptable to his brave lionheart and he ran off to the forest not looking back even once. He wandered pointlessly many hours thinking of his friend whom was taken away by some mysterios beast. "Maybe the Devil really exists
Katariina Passage Katariina Passage connects Vene and Müürivahe street. On the northern portion of the passage you can find what's left of St. Catherine's Church (hence the passage name) and various large, ancient tombstones that used to line the inside of the sanctuary. On the southern portion of the passage, you'll find numerous artisan workshops, where you'll even get see them hard at work creating new items. City wall Tallinn's medieval city wall is a sub-facility that was built to protect the lower Tallinn and upper Tallinn (Toompea). The building of the city wall began in 1310th years, and
TALLINN TOWN HALL Tallinn Town Hall is the only surviving Gothic town hall in Northern Europe. Built in the heart of Tallinn, next to a marketplace, the Town Hall has witnessed trade and social activities for over 700 years. It has still remained the most important representational building in town. The building history of the Town Hall goes back to the 13th century, but it acquired its medieval appearance in 140204. It was as early as 1248 when King Eric IV Ploughpenny of Denmark granted the Lübeck Charter to Tallinn. Relying on that document a town council was elected from amongst merchants of the Hanse and started convening in the Town Hall. It is possible to state on the basis of research findings that a meeting place of the magistracy and a goods depot in the form of a small, fortified
Even more than Renaissance scholars who discovered man and Nature, the scientific revolutionaries attempted to understand and explain man and the natural world. Thinkers such as the Polish astronomer Nicholas Copernicus(14731543), the French philosopher René Descartes(15961650) and the British mathematician Isaac Newton(16421727) overturned the authority of the Middle Ages and the classical world. And by authority I am not referring specifically to that of the Church the demise of its authority was already well under way even before the Lutheran Reformation had begun. The authority I am speaking of is intellectual in nature and consisted of the triad of Aristotle(384322) and Ptolemy (c.90168). The revolutionaries of the new science had to escape their intellectual heritage [ pärandus ]. With this in mind, the revolution in science which emerged [ kerkis esile ] in the 16th and 17th centuries has appeared as
Sculptures and monuments St. John's Lutheran Church St John's Church was probably built in the first third of the 14th century. There is no other brick church decorated with so much terracotta plastic in Europe Eduard Tubin Monument The Eduard Tubin monument, marking the 100th birthday of the composer, was dedicated in 2005. The authors of the statue are sculptor Aili Vahtrapuu, architect Veronika Valk, with sound installations by Louis Dandrel.Eduard Tubin (1905-1982) was a versatile composer and conductor, one of the most recognized symphonists throughout history. He served as concert master and conductor at the Vanemuise Theatre
) is also fairlyuniversal (cf. Estonian "terviseks" and "tere"<"terve", Russian "()" < ""; ancient Romans used "Vale!" "be healthy!" as a parting formula). The meaning of sacredness as in halig > HOLY is related to magic/religion linked with healing and being healthy (cf. Healer above). nu now (NOW). Spelling changed in the Middle English period (French scribes used ou or ow for /u:/). Pronunciation changed during the Great Vowel Shift (14th- 16th century, possibly also later) when long /u:/ > /au/ The re-emergence of English: Starting with the 14th century. A relatively unique phenomenon: conquerors do not leave but the language of the conquered returns. In the case of English peasants as the Black Death killed off so many of them, the nobility did not have enough people to till the land and generally work for them. Peasants had been serfs, tied to their land: whenever they tried to escape from a lord who treated
working man with dirty fingernails and the Virgin as an ordinary young girl. They were accused to be setting themselves better than anyone else (for example Raphael, Michelangelo, da Vinci- traditional trinity of great masters of that period). They had their supporters among middle classes of the Midlands and North of England. Even thou the brotherhood lasted only about five years its impact to art lasted up to the 20 th century. At first the realistic movement predominated but later the mystical medievalism of Rossetti became more influential. Pre-Raphaelitism hung on in British art until after World war I, but it no longer represented the feelings and ideas of society. During Queen Victoria`s reign interest grew in classical literature and the history of ancient Greece and Rome, as well as in the legendary medieval past of Britain itself. Artists started to combine sex
A.D., it is more accepted by historians that the Romans were the first. The settlement was called Londinium. The first London lasted for just seventeen years, for around AD 61, a tribe of Celts led by Queen Boudica stormed London, burning it to the ground. The next heavily-planned London prospered and surpassed Colchester (another major city at the time) as the capital of the Roman province of Britannia. At its height in the 2nd century, Roman London had a population of about 60,000. However, by the 3 rd century, the city fell into a decline due to trouble in the Roman Empire and by the 5th century, it was largely abandoned. But, under the control of various English kings, London once again prospered as an international trading centre. However, Viking raids began in the late 10 th century and reached a head when they took the city under Danish king Canute and forced the then-English king to flee.
Tallinn English College Topic Estonia Tallinn 2008 1. Introduction Estonia is a small country about the size of Switzerland, or New Hampshire and Massachussetts combined. Estonia is named after the people called "Ests" who lived in the region in the 1 st century AD. The Republic of Estonia is one of the three countries commonly known as the "Baltic States". The other Baltic States are Latvia and Lithuania. 2. Geographical position Estonia is situated in northeastern Europe. Estonia is bounded on the north by the Gulf of Finland, on the east by Russia, on the south by Latvia and on the west by the Baltic Sea. In the north it borders on Finland. The coastline of the Baltic
A small Norman army marched from village to village and destroyed the ones it couldn't control. The Normans took away the Saxon lords' land. Only a few Saxons who supported William could keep their land. Feudalism William gave parts of his conquered land to his captains around the country to avoid rebellions and uprisings. He also kept some land to himself to make sure his was much stronger than his nobles. Of all the farmland half went to his nobles, quarter to church and fifth he kept to himself. William organised the English kingdom according to feudal system. The main purpose of using that system was economic. King gave the land to "vassals" in return of army services and goods. When a noble dies, his son took over the estate. When there was no family, the land went back to king who could give it to another noble or just keep it for a few years. In 1086 he wanted to know exactly who was using his land and how much it produced so he
Urban II called a Launched in 1147. council Was a complete Thousands of warriors failure. attacked Muslims and Christians took no Jews to gain the land new territory. for Christians. 3rd Crusade (1189-1192) o Richard I, Philip II, Frederick Barbarossa set out. o Along the way Frederick drowned. o Phillip went back home. o Richard won several victories but couldn't retake Jerusalem. o The English had to give up and head home. o Richard was taken prisoner . Richard Lionheart (1157-1199) Richard was a king of England son of Henry II 4 Crusade th Other Crusades Decided to take over Five other crusades Constantinople instead were all also failures. Another failure. By 1291, the Muslims
Her death at a young age left him grief-stricken. His first book, La Vita Nuova, was written about her. Sometime before 1294, Dante married Gemma Donati. They had four children. Dante was active in the political and military life of Florence. He entered the army as a youth and held several important positions in the Florence government during the 1290's. During his life, Florence was divided politically between Guelphs and Ghibellines. The Guelphs supported the church and liked to keep things as they were, unlike the Ghibellines. The Ghibellines were mostly supporters of the German emperor and at the time Dante was born, were relieved of their power. When this change took place, the Guelphs for whom Dante's family was associated took power. Although born into a Guelph family, Dante became more neutral later in life realizing that the church was corrupt, believing it should only be involved in spiritual affairs.
By AD 100 it had also become the capital of the Roman province. A massive wall was built to protect the city from further attacks. The Roman Empire came under increasing attack across Europe and in AD 410 they retreated. The Romans gave us a language based on Latin, the calendar, law and legal system, the census and also straight roads, central heating and concrete. Anglo- Saxons around AD 400 Anglo- Saxons were warrior farmers from Germany, Denmark and the Netherlands. Later in the 5th century, Anglo-Saxons settled just west of Londinium, around the Strand, and formed the town of Lundenwic. The area of the old Roman city became a landing-place for ships and a centre for trade.The first English King to convert to Christianity, King Ethelbert, founded St Paul's Cathedral in 604. The Vikings 8th and 9th century By the 9th century, London was a very prosperous trading centre, and its wealth attracted the attention of Danish Vikings
wanted to defeat it. He could clearly see that Britain was a threat to his latest and greatest conquest - France. He invaded Britain twice, in 55 and 54 BC. The first invasion was unsuccessful - it gained a beachhead on the coast of Kent but achieved little else. The second was more successful, the Celts asked for truce. However it wasn't a victory he had imagined and Julius Caesar never returned to Britain after that. The island was left undisturbed for nearly a century. *The Roman occupation of Britain 43-410 and its legacy Britain was conquered by Emperor Claudius, the Roman rule in England lasted up to 410. The Romans left behind a huge legacy: many types of animals and plants were brought to Britain in Roman times. Roman introduced theire measurements, Christianity, reading and writing. Also, many words in English and Welsh have been borrowed from the Latin language. An important legacy of the Romans was its roads, agriculture and cities
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