Nõuete tüübid User requirements - Statements in natural language plus diagrams of the services the system provides and its operational constraints. Written for customers. System requirements - A structured document setting out detailed descriptions of the system's functions, services and operational constraints. Defines what should be implemented so may be part of a contract between client and contractor. Mis on nõuete inseneeria The process of establishing the services that the customer requires from a system and the constraints under which it operates and is developed. Kes milliseid nõudeid loeb Kasuataja nõuded client managers, system end-users, client engineers, contractor managers, system architects Süsteemi nõuded system end-users, client engineers, system architects, software developers Functional requirements Statements of services the system should provide, how the system should react
are made precise and unambiguous through well-defined interfaces and component specifications, and key architectural mechanisms are detailed. The Logical Architecture provides a detailed "blueprint" from which component developers and component users can work in relative independence. Logical Architecture. Model System Behavior Execution Architecture An Execution Architecture is created for distributed or concurrent systems. The process view shows the mapping of components onto the processes of the physical system, with attention being focused on such concerns as throughput and scalability. The deployment view shows the mapping of (physical) components in the executing system onto the nodes of the physical system. Architecture views 2. Business Architecture A formalized model of what the business looks like, in terms of IT. Information Architecture Logical description of the translated Business Architecture in IT terms.
......................................8 3.4. Projects..............................................................................................................................9 3.5. Outsourced Services .........................................................................................................9 3.6. Structure............................................................................................................................9 3.7. Management Process ......................................................................................................10 4. Development Program............................................................................................................10 4.1. Expenses .........................................................................................................................10 4.2. Outstanding Tasks and Projects ....................................................................
as all costs ultimately will make way to the final market place to be reflected in the price paid by the end user. Therefore, the leading edge companies seek to make the supply chain as a hole more competitive through the value it adds and the cost it reduces overall. Thus today the real competition is not the companies against the companies but rather supply chain against supply chain. DEFINITIONS Supply Chain Management (SCM) is the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the operations of the supply chain with the purpose to satisfy customer requirements as efficiently as possible. Supply chain management spans all movement and storage of raw materials, work-in-process inventory, and finished goods from point-of-origin to point-of-consumption. According to the Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals (CSCMP),
Thus the following questions drive the present research in its goal of gaining a better understanding of these new business models: 1. What are the main problems connected with the construction industry and what are their causes? 2. Which problems have been arising in the Estonian construction industry? 3. What is LC: the concept, its principles and tools? 4. What is BIM: the concept, the process and its functionalities? 5. Can LC and BIM be integrated and what are the results? 6. What is IPD? 7. Are LC and BIM applicable to the Estonian construction industry? 1.2 Research methodology At the highest level, the present research can be divided into the following two functions: literature review and empirical study. Literature review. This is based on available publications, articles and white papers from the International Group for Lean Construction, etc
Erialane inglisekeel 2 semester. Software engineering Tarkvara tehnika. Sub.discliplines of software engineering. 1. Software requirements 2. Software design 3. Software develompment 4. Software testing 5. Software maintenance 6. Software configuration managment 7. Software engineering managment 8. Software development process 9. Software qengineering tools 10. Software quality Ex 1 1. analysing and defining the problem to be solved. 2. Desiging the program. 3. Coding. 4. Testing. 5. Training the users. 6. Dockumenting. 7. Obtaining feedback from user UML- united modeling language Algoritm- eeskiri mis tleb kuidas seda prorgammi kirjutada. Teine tund. protsessori- keskmine keel on assemble languages. Interpreted languages- tlgendamine.
itThe Team has a time-box to reach this goal: the sprint Each day, the Team measures its progress during a 15 minutes meeting: the Daily Scrum Meeting During the whole project, the Scrum Master ensures that the Team is still focused on its objective At the end of the Sprint, the completed work has to be potentially shippable The Sprint ends with the Sprint Review and the Retrospective. The Scrum process is completed when all Stories making up the Product Backlog are implemented, or the budget is consumed, or when the time is over. Kanbani võimalikud eelised Scrumi ees Lihtsus Puudub suurte Backlogide haldamine Puudub“time boxing” Sprint Backlogide jaoks Puuudub arendamise edukuse hindamine ja mõõtmine Scrum Board is reset between each iteration Scrum prescribes crossfunctional teams, while Kanban could have specialised teams
Abstract How are 3D and BIM Changing the Design, Fabrication and Construction of Complex Steel Structures? The adoption of three-dimensional (3D) design and construction tools have created a remarkable shift in the building industry. Intelligent 3D technology in the form of Building Information Modeling (BIM) not only promises to improve the notoriously inefficient construction process, but also opens the door for designing new geometric shapes, which until recently have been considered unbuildable. Steel has been extensively used to build some of the most challenging architectural icons of the 21st century, due to its low weight and high strength in both compression and tension. Therefore, the steel design and construction industry has been on the forefront of technical innovation. The purpose of this study is to determine how 3D and BIM are changing the design,
The PlayStation 3 (slated to appear at the end of 2004) may use a 3GHz processor, 512Mb RAM, a 120Gb hard disk, and render 2 billion polygons per second. The Xbox 2 (due at the end of 2006) may employ a Pentium 4, a clock speed of 1GHz, 1Gb RAM, a 160Gb hard disk, and render 2-3 billion polygons per second. 1.3. High and Low Profile Games Marner distinguishes between high profile and low profile games [Marner 2002]. A high profile game is endowed with massive development costs (perhaps US$5 million or more), a generous advertising budget, a large development staff, and a very visible presence for game retailers and magazines. To recoup the enormous upfront expenses, high profile games tend to utilise cutting-edge graphics (which require high hardware performance), and tie-ins with other media such as movies or books. A low profile game is aimed at a smaller market, and may be limited to a single platform, or user community
Preparing for exam. Focus areas Defining innovation ● “An innovation is an idea, practice, or object that is perceived as new by an individual or other unit of adoption.” (Rogers 1952) ● CIS survey: “Product innovations must be new to your enterprise, but they do not need to be new to your market”. ● “Companies achieve competitive advantage through acts of innovation. They approach innovation in its broadest sense, including both new technologies and new ways of doing things” – (Porter 1990)
that you use to obtain an answer must be presented for someone else to validate the results. For example, when testing the emissivity of a material, the difference between using a thermopile and using an energy balance will affect the results. The absence of a methods section in your design report may be disconcerting because you might have spent up to half the semester considering different concepts before choosing one, but ultimately you won’t write about that process. The audience only cares about what you came up with and not how you got there. A design report is not a history (“first we tried this and that did not work so then we tried this and finally we got to this”), but instead is results oriented. If you find you are writing about your concept selection process in the main body of your design report, you are writing too much. Organizing a Design Report Page 1 of 9
With strategy as a Pattern, we learn to appreciate that what was successful in the past can lead to success in the future. With Position, strategy is about how the organization relates to its competitive environment, and what it can do to make its products unique in the marketplace. Perspective emphasizes the substantial influence that organizational culture and collective thinking can have on strategic decision making within a company. Understanding and using each element helps you develop a robust, practical and achievable business strategy. *a strategy in a small organization, *learning organization, what is a policy, Õppiv organisatsioon on selline organisatsioon, mis oskab luua, säilitada ja siirdada teadmist ning kohandab vastavalt oma käitumist. Õppiva organisatsiooni põhitegevused: • Lahendab probleeme süsteemselt • Eksperimenteerib • Õpib mineviku kogemustest ja teistelt • Siirdab teadmisi kiiresti ja takistusteta läbi terve organisatsiooni
and then selects the one that explains the most variance. In the second approach, the evaluation of content may be accomplished through the specification of vocabulary (i.e., the evaluation of the other aspects of writing is performed as described above). Latent Semantic Analysis and its variants are employed by some developers to provide estimates as to how close the vocabulary in the candidate answer is to a targeted vocabularly set. The third approach is to develop models that are based on a "gold standard" formulated by experts. To date this mechanism for developing models is more theoretical than applied. If normative models can be created for the relevant dimensions of writing (i.e., age and writing genre), then other variables could be tailored on an a priori basis to generate a statistical blueprint for the ideal response. The blueprint may or may not be aligned with human ratings. For example, the guidelines for a few high-stakes writing
compensate for this variation. The need for a calibration step implies other things. Will the part of the system with the temperature sensor be part of the board that contains the compensation? If not, how do you keep the two parts together once calibra- tion is performed? And what if the field engineer has to change the sensor 2 Analog Interfacing to Embedded Microprocessors in the field? Will he be able to do the calibration? Will it really be cheaper, in production, to add a calibration step to the assembly procedure than to purchase a more accurate sensor? In many cases where an adjustment is needed, the resulting calibration parameters can be calculated in software and stored. For example, you might bring the system (or just the sensor) to a known temperature and measure the output. You know that an ideal sensor should produce an output voltage
Õpperühm: IATM Matrikli nr: 050829 Õppejõud: Avo Ots Tallinn 2008 Author's word This project is written to show some interesting aspects of working with VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) service. The project briefly describes the process of finding a solution for based VoIP problem and its realization. -2- Contents Introduction .............................................................................................................................. - 4 - Mission....................................................................................................................................... - 5 - Solution..............................................................
.11 6. Linkages between Sustainability and Financial Reporting……………………………….12 7. GRI Indicators ……………………………………………………………………………13 8. Summary………………………………………………………………………………….17 4 1. INTRODUCTION The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) is a long-term, multi-stakeholder, international process whose mission is to develop and disseminate globally applicable Sustainability Reporting Guidelines. These Guidelines are for voluntary use by organisations for reporting on the economic, environmental, and social dimensions of their activities, products, and services. The aim of the Guidelines is to assist reporting organisations and their stakeholders in articulating and understanding contributions of the reporting organisations to sustainable development. Trends The key trends during the last two years are:
All about High Tech High tech is technology that is at the cutting edge--the most advanced technology currently available. There is no specific class of technology that is high tech--the definition shifts over time--so products hyped as high tech in the 1960s would now be considered, if not exactly low tech, then at least somewhat obsolete. This fuzzy definition has led to marketing departments describing nearly all new products as high tech. Economy Because the high-tech sector of the economy develops or uses the most advanced technology known, it is often seen as having the most potential for future growth. This perception has led to
Other related projects include: ·Integration in action: four international case studies. A study of four international organisations that have attempted to improve integration between health and care services. Interviews, documentary analysis and literature review are used to identify the main stimuli for integration and the issues that help or hinder progress; drawing out lessons for the NHS. ·Towards integrated care in Trafford. A project that looks at the process of change and lessons learned to date in Trafford, where NHS organisations have been working on the development of an integrated care system across the whole health economy. Further details of our integrated care work can be found at: www.nuffieldtrust.org.uk/integratedcare Acknowledgements Our thanks go to Richard Gleave, Diane Gray, George Kissen, Dennis Kodner, Judith Smith and Sarah Smyth for their comments, all of which have helped to shape
mistakenly referred to as the "IBM UNIVAC." Remington Rand eventually sold 46 machines at more than $1 million each. SPEED: 1,905 operations per second INPUT/OUTPUT: magnetic tape, unityper, printer MEMORY SIZE: 1,000 12-digit words in delay lines MEMORY TYPE: delay lines, magnetic tape TECHNOLOGY: serial vacuum tubes, delay lines, magnetic tape FLOOR SPACE: 943 cubic feet COST: F.O.B. factory $750,000 plus Early AI programs: checkers, chess (in Britain) Strachey wrote a checkers program for the Ferranti Mark I at Manchester (with Turing's encouragement and utilising the latter's recently completed Programmers' Handbook for the Ferranti computer). By the summer of 1952 this program could, Strachey reported, "play a complete game of Draughts at a reasonable speed". Prinz's chess program, also written for the Ferranti Mark I, first ran in November 1951. It was for solving simple problems of the mate-in-two variety. The program would examine every possible
This Convention was adopted by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO), the United Nations Organisation that is concerned with maritime transportation. IMO member states are obliged to adopt IMO rules and regulations into their national legislation. However, only when the convention text has been incorporated into national legislation does it take effect for the individual ships registered in that country. This process of incorporation into national legislation may vary from a few months to several years. The country in which a ship is registered and hence which flag it is flying is known as the Flag State. It is the national maritime administration representing the flag state, which controls the adherence to the SOLAS carriage requirements (Flag State control). The national maritime administration is also responsible for port state control. Ships
Object-oriented programming. Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that uses "objects" and their interactions to design applications and computer programs. Programming techniques may include features such as information hiding, data abstraction, encapsulation, modularity, polymorphism, and inheritance. It was not commonly used in mainstream software application development until the early 1990s. Many modern programming languages now support OOP. Class Defines the abstract characteristics of a thing (object), including the thing's characteristics (its attributes, fields or properties) and the thing's behaviors (the things it can do, or methods, operations or features). One might say that a class is a blueprint or factory that describes the nature of something. For example, the class Dog would
Osterwalderi ärimudel: 4 valdkonda ja 9 bulding blocki 1. How a. Capabilities, Key resources, Partner network 2. What a. offer 3. Who a. Distribution channels, customer relations, customer segments 4. Cost/income ($, ) cost structure, revenue flows Korporatsiooni väärtusahel: Strategic operations issues: Intermittment systems item is normally processed seqentally, but the work and sequence of the process vary Continuous systems work is laid out in lines on which products can be continuously assambled or processed Operating leverage impact of a specific change in sales volume on net operation income Experience curve unit production costs decline by some fixed persentage each time the total accumulated volume of production units doubles Strategic research and development issues:
It measures and records business transactions and provides financial statements that are based on GAAP. Cost accounting measures, analyzes, and reports financial and no financial information relating to cost of acquiring or using resources in an organization. Value-chain analysis: sequence of business functions in which customer usefulness is added to products and services. 1. Research and development 2. Design of products, services, or processes 3. Production 4. Marketing 5. Distribution 6. Customer service. Supply chain describes the flow of goods, services, and information from the initial sources of materials and services to the delivery of products to consumers, regardless of whether those activities occur in the same organization or in other organizations. Five step decision making process: 1. Identify the problem and uncertainties. 2. Obtain information. 3
• Construct a control circuit so that power supply for the I/O circuits does not come ON before power supply for the Unit. If power supply for the I/O circuits comes ON before power supply for the Unit, normal operation may be tempo- rarily interrupted. • If the operating mode is changed from RUN or MONITOR mode to PROGRAM mode, with the IOM Hold Bit ON, the output will hold the most recent status. In such a case, ensure that the external load does not exceed specifications. (If operation is stopped because of an operation error (including FALS instruc- tions), the values in the internal memory of the CPU Unit will be saved, but the outputs will all turn OFF.)
much to educators. Since I don't have an educational theory neatly worked-out, nor an outline of my perceptions, my intent is to address each educational ingredient that comes to my mind. After I've said what I think about each topic, readers may have a fair comprehension of my philosophy. First comes sensitivity. If a person be insensitive, be it from numbing cold, exhaustion, drugs, genetic makeup, or upbringing, then the process of education is bogged down, and results come only after great efforts. Sensitivity in my integrated meaning is broad, covering literally the senses, so that deaf and blind people are less sensitive, as well as people whose senses work perfectly, but whose receptivity or thought processes are blunted for whatever reason. A person can be insensitive in one way, such as blind, and extraordinarily sensitive in another way, such as in hearing
TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 1 THE CORNERSTONES OF SURVEY RESEARCH 1.1 Introduction The idea of conducting a survey is deceptively simple. It involves identifying a specific group or category of people and collecting information from some of them in order to gain insight into what the entire group does or thinks; however, undertaking a survey inevitably raises questions that may be difficult to answer. How many people need to be surveyed in order to be able to describe fairly accurately the entire group? How should the people be selected? What questions should be asked and how should they be posed to respondents? In addition, what data collection methods should one consider using, and are some of those methods of collecting data better than others? And, once one has collected the information, how should it be analyzed and reported? Deciding to do a survey means committing oneself to work through a myriad of issues each of which is critical to the
Eng http://waterhammer.hopout.com.au/ Provide an insight into what piping designers need & expect Define the role of the supplier & designer Learn some fundamentals of piping design Discover failure analysis techniques Share experiences of problems A Course In the Design of ABS Piping What We Shall Look at This Week ABS Material Properties Thermoplastic Pipe Design Waterhammer Analysis Typical Applications of ABS Pressure Pipe Some Anticipated Events Stages of the Design Process Representation-Drawings & Specification Calculation-Engineering & Assumptions Visualisation-Presentation of Information Validation-Testing & Commissioning Role of the ABS Pipe Supplier What the Customer Expects Avoid the following: Material Properties Accept design risk for a sale Design Criteria Accept MTO risk Design Guidance What you should do Material take off (MTO) Provide only accurate Applicable Standards information
Entry Ticket Week 39 – Ave Nurmeots (62-130) 1. Why is it important to move beyond product innovation? To be able to compete within the today’s marketplace (continued success and differentiation). It is not enough anymore just to come up with an innovative product or its features. To achieve a bigger and more sustainable competitive advantage different types of innovations should be combined together. 2. Name an example of a company from the book, which has gone beyond product innovation –explain which of the 9 other types they have used?
significant barriers to IoT investment ’’ was chosen by 39% of the respondents [6]. In 2015, a journalist with the help of a couple hackers played through a hacking scenario of a Jeep [7]. Whilst the journalist drove, the hackers manipulated the car to switch radio stations, turn on the cold air flow in the car and eventually they cut the transmission, leaving the car unable to accelerate. As this was just a show, no people were endangered during the process. Yet it still shows how vulnerable the internet of things is, even amongst large corporations, such as the one which produces Jeep. The vulnerability presents itself largely in the physical damage a virus or a malevolent hacker could cause. Although this does not only involve Jeeps, since similar attacking scenarios were also performed successfully on cars such as Tesla Model S and a 2013 Corvette. Not only does it concern cars, but also a TrackingPoint self-aiming „smart“
provide enterprise resource planning (ERP), customer relationship management (CRM), supply chain management (SCM), tax accounting, and general accounting for the small and medium-size enterprise. - Kõigile kättesaadav populaarne tarkvara, mis võimaldab luua ettevõtte ressurssi plaane, klientide suhete haldamist, varustuse haldamist, maksude üleskirjutamist ja muid võimalusi keskmisele ettevõttele. Concurrent Versions System (CVS) – Concurrent Versions System (CVS) is a program that lets a code developer save and retrieve different development versions of source code . - Programm, mis võimaldab koodikirjutajal salvestada ja saada erinevaid arendus versioone põhikoodist. CoreOS Linux – CoreOS Linux is an open source operating system (OS) that provides the functionality required to deploy and manage applications within software containers. Based on the Linux kernel. - Kõigile kättesaadav operatsioonisüsteem, mis võimaldab hallata tarkvararakendusi
not being visible for the consumer. Mobile operators should avoid becoming mere merchandise by boosting the potential of their networks for value added services to become a part of a US$ 422.6 billion industry. One of the latest innovations is the ability to remote provisioning of IoT devices used in hazardous locations, by using an embedded sim which takes away the need to access the sim physically. Mobile networks might have to be upgraded to recognize services in order to be able to provide the necessary bandwidth. Migratory services will likely make the use of location information and geo-fencing critically important, meaning the network has to identify the device to know whether it might be a car involved in an accident or a device that is moving but should not be. It is probably important for the IoT services to be able to withstand an enormous amount of identical devices and applications sending information through the network. Diverse methods
most significant trait that sets us, humans, apart from our primate friends. [1] To comprehend the opportunities and threats regarding big data located within the cloud, one must first realize the essence of them. Big data is not only what its name says, but it is also so much more. What is Big data? Big data is a term, which is used to describe a broad spectrum of concepts: from the technological ability to collect, aggregate, and process data, to the cultural shift that is pervasively invading industry and society, both drowning in information overload. [2] Big data can be described by the following properties: - Volume. Organizations collect data from a variety of sources, including business transactions, social media, and information from sensor or machine-to-machine data. In the past, storing it would’ve been a problem – but new technologies (such as Hadoop) have eased the burden. [3]
Many computer applications, especially asynchronous computer-mediated communication such as email and electronic bulletin boards, promote interactive learning. With the booming growth of technology, blogs have become another learning platform for language teaching. Accordingly, these in turn have provided both teachers and learners with an alternative avenue, unlike the traditional face-to-face meetings or discussions, to foster their personal knowledge development through meaningful negotiation and communication. The web-based technology supports collaborative learning that enriches learning performance, both for individual knowledge construction and group knowledge sharing. I became interested in the field since I realised that nowadays in order to be an effective teacher one must know the `key' to the new generation of learners falling, to a category of `digital natives'
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