its power output markedly changed by utilizing inertia and resonant effects in its intake and exhaust tracts. None of these modifications are costly. On the other hand, while the two-stroke engine does not commonly require large dollar inputs to raise its power output, it does require an in-depth under- standing on the part of the man doing the modifications. In an attempt to acquire that understanding I began a study of the high-speed, high-output two-stroke engine that has led to the collection of a minor library of text books and SAE papers. And to an endless series of experiments, some of them illuminating and many others raising more questions than they have answered. At this stage I have arrived at more or less satisfactory explanations for most of the gross phenomena, such as the general behavior of expansion chambers
Analog Interfacing to Embedded Microprocessors Real World Design Analog Interfacing to Embedded Microprocessors Real World Design Stuart Ball Boston Oxford Auckland Johannesburg Melbourne New Delhi Newnes is an imprint of Butterworth–Heinemann. Copyright © 2001 by Butterworth–Heinemann A member of the Reed Elsevier group All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written, Butterworth–Heinemann prints its books on acid-free paper whenever possible. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ball, Stuart R., 1956– Analog interfacing to embedded microprocessors : real world design / Stuart Ball. p. cm. ISBN 0-7506-7339-7 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Embedded computer
and matter: E = MC 2 In the equation above, energy (E) is equal to matter (M) times the square of a constant (C). Einstein suggested that energy and matter are interchangeable. His equation also suggests that the quantity of energy and matter in the Universe is fixed. Second Law of Thermodynamics Heat can never pass spontaneously from a colder to a hotter body. As a result of this fact, natural processes that involve energy transfer must have one direction, and all natural processes are irreversible. This law also predicts that the entropy of an isolated system always increases with time. Entropy is the measure of the disorder or randomness of energy and matter in a system. Because of the second law of thermodynamics both energy and matter in the Universe are becoming less useful as time goes on. Perfect order in the Universe occurred the instance after
imately 50% of the total protein in this organ- sists of three subunits. These are termed elle. Myosin is a negatively charged protein troponin I (MW 23,000), troponin C (MW with an isoelectric point of 5.3. Myosin is 18,000), and troponin T (MW 37,000). a large protein (approximately 500,000 Troponin C has the ability to bind calcium daltons) that contains six polypeptides. released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, Myosin consists of an alpha helical tail (or troponin I can inhibit the interaction between rod) region that forms the backbone of the actin and myosin, and troponin T binds very thick filament and a globular head region that strongly to tropomyosin. The cooperative extends from the thick filament and interacts action of troponin and tropomyosin in with actin in the thin filament. The head response to calcium increases in the sarco-
.........................................................................27 7.8 Measuring electricity..................................................................................................27 SOLAR ENERGY..............................................................................................................27 8.1 Photovoltaic energy...................................................................................................... 28 8.2 Solar thermal heat.......................................................................................................29 8.3 Solar thermal power plants......................................................................................... 30 8.4 Solar energy and the environment..............................................................................30 WIND ENERGY.................................................................................................................31 9
Repetitive Loading/Fatigue Creep Intermittent Loading This is also known as ratchet creep The strain increases incrementally as the sample is loaded repetitively Temperature The design temperature may vary due to :- ·Ambient diurnal or seasonal temperature variations ·Flow rate affecting heat transfer ·Fluid temperature range ·Wind speed ·Installation ambient temperature ·Soil or air temperature Design Life Design Life Criteria 50 years It does not mean ABS has a 50 year life 50 Years is an arbitrary period to provide comparative data No matter how old it is ABS will still exhibit instantaneous properties when subjected to high rates of strain such as waterhammer or impact Toxicity & Taint Complies with AS 4020 Used for:-
Diode. 2)Rectifier Diode. 3) A is called Anode and C is called Cathode. An Anode has positive potential and therefore collects electrons in the device. Cathode has negative potential and therefore emits electrons to anode. The symbol looks like an arrow that ponts from the anode to the cathode, and reminds that conventional current flows easily from the p side(anode) to the n side(cathode). BIASING. Forward biasing. If the current in a diode is too large, excessive heat will destroy the device. Even approaching the burnout current value without reaching it can shorten its life. Therefore manufacturer's data sheet specifies the maximum forward current, that diode can withstand. This average current IF is the rate a diode can handle up to the forward direction when used as a rectifier. Another entry of interest in the data sheet is the forward voltade drop UF(max) when the maximum forward current occurs. An usual diode has this value 0.7-2.0V. Diode conducts
14– NIST Cyber Security Framework overview (NIST, 2015). ............................................. 48 Figure 3. 15– NIST Cyber Security Framework detailed fill-in sheet (NIST, 2015)............................. 49 Figure 3. 16– ISKE reference security combinations (Kivimaa, 2013). .............................................. 51 Figure 3. 17– Modified business process model (Kivimaa, 2017). .................................................... 55 Figure 3. 18– Example of relevant coefficient (Kivimaa, 2017) ......................................................... 55 Figure 3. 19 – GSTool IT assets (BIS, 2004) ........................................................................................ 56 Figure 3. 20 – GSTool IT resources list (BIS, 2004)............................................................................. 57 Figure 3. 21 – GSTool Excel example (BIS, 2004) ............................................................................... 57 Figure 3
Kõik kommentaarid