diagnoosimisel? Detection, genotyping 1 4.Milliseid meetodeid kasutatakse patogeensete mikroorganismide tuvastamiseks (mikroskoopia, isoleerimine ja kultiveerimine, biotestid, immunotestid s.o antigeeni määramine ja antikehade määramine, biokeemilised testid, molekulaarbioloogilised testid) ? Erinevate meetodite plussid ja miinused. Microbial culture Microbiological culture is a principal tool used to diagnose infectious disease. In a microbial culture, a growth medium is provided for a specific agent. A sample taken from potentially diseased tissue or fluid is then tested for the presence of an infectious agent able to grow within that medium. Most pathogenic bacteria are easily grown on nutrient agar, a form of solid medium that supplies carbohydrates and proteins necessary for growth of a bacterium, along with copious amounts of water. A single bacterium will
3) There are biological correlates of behavior. Cognitions, emotions and behaviors are products of the anatomy and physiology of our nervous and endocrine system. Explain how principles of the biological level of analysis may be demonstrated in research. 1) Correlational studies: Study by Buss, who hypothesized that across cultures, men will prefer to marry younger women because of greater reproductive capacity and women will place greater value on a potential mate's earning potential to provide survival advantages. This evolutionary hypothesis was tested in 37 cultures by sending out questioners. 2) Twin studies (type of correlational studies) compare trait similarities in identical and fraternal twins (Minnesota twin study by Tellegen, Buchard). 3) Experiment: Split-brain experiments by Gazzaniga & Sperry, brain plasticity experiments by Rosenzweig and Bennett. Neurotransmission experiment by
smoking male participants, age group 18-42 years were recruited into the study. Based on the theory of Cybernetic 3-Dimensional Model on Emotion Regulation (CMER), three dimensions of emotion regulation was measured. Participants were stressed using the TSST test, and the salivary cortisol and plasma IL-6 was measured as endocrinological markers of the stress response. Multiple regression and correlation analysis were conducted investigating the main hypothesis. The results show that hedonistic emotion regulation (HER) and the distress- augmentative emotion regulation (DAR) were the predictors and AUCg (area under the curve in respect to ground) and AUCi (area under the curve in respect to increase) were the dependent variables. Participants, who scored high in HER showed lower cortisol responses, whereas, individuals who scored high in DAR showed a trend towards higher cortisol responses
It was so named because of its similarity to Mun- chausen syndrome, a factitious disorder in which a person intentionally produces or fabricates physical symptoms in him- or herself.' In MSP the symptoms are intentionally produced o r fabricated in a child by a parent, usually the mother MSBP is a syndrome in which perpetrators either harm a child in their care or achieve harm through their insistence on medical tests and treatments for non-existent, fabricated or ecacerbated conditions. Abuse may go on for some time, and sometimes this abuse results in the child's death. In the strictest terms, Munchausen's Syndrome by Proxy means that a perpetrator has Munchausen's syndrome or factitious illness himself/herself and manifests the psychipathology via the child. Aga kas MSBP on vaimne haigus ja kas kohtul on võimalus tunnistada selliseid vanemaid süüdimatuks/kas
And, once one has collected the information, how should it be analyzed and reported? Deciding to do a survey means committing oneself to work through a myriad of issues each of which is critical to the ultimate success of the survey. Yet, each day, throughout the world, thousands of surveys are being undertaken. Some surveys involve years of planning, require arduous efforts to select and interview respondents in their home and take many months to complete and many more months to report results. Other surveys are conducted with seemingly lightning speed as web survey requests are transmitted simultaneously to people regardless of their location, and completed surveys start being returned a few minutes later; data collection is stopped in a few days and results are reported minutes afterwards. Whereas some surveys use only one mode of data collection such as the telephone, others may involve multiple
1966). At the time the article was provocative and a bit outrageous, though in hindsight, it can only be deemed prophetic. As a former high school English teacher , Page was convinced that students would benefit greatly by having access to technology that would provide quick feedback on their writing. He also realized that the greatest hindrance to having secondary students write more was the requirement that, ultimately, a teacher had to review stacks of papers. While PEG produced impressive results, the technology of the time was too primitive to make it a practical application. Text had to be typed on IBM 80-column punched cards and read into a mainframe computer before it could be evaluated. As a consequence, the technology sat dormant until the early 1990s and was revitalized with the confluence of two technological developments: microcomputers and the Internet. Microcomputers permitted the generation of electronic text from a regular
design, implementation, testing (validation), integration, and maintenance. Why a Pure Waterfall Process is Usually Not Practical - Don’t know up front everything wanted and needed o Usually hard to visualize every detail in advance - We can only estimatethe costs of implementing requirements o To gain confidence in an estimate, we need to design and actually implement parts, especially the riskiest ones o We will probably need to modify requirements as a result - We often need to execute intermediate builds o Stakeholders need to gain confidence o Designers and developers need confirmation they're building what’s needed and wanted - Team members can't be idle while the requirements are being completed o Typically put people to work on several phases at once Waterfall Process Assumptions •Requirements are known up front before design •Requirements rarely change •Users know what they want, and rarely need visualization
your design to solve their own problem. Typically, this is the project client. While the client may be familiar with the project, the report is still written as though the client is new to the project because that is the best way to tell the whole story. A design report is different than a lab report that you might be familiar with. A lab report describes an experiment and its conclusions and has four main parts: Introduction, Methods, Results and Discussion. The major difference between design and lab reports is that design reports do not include a methods section (other than when describing the evaluation plan.) When performing an experiment, the method that you use to obtain an answer must be presented for someone else to validate the results. For example, when testing the emissivity of a material, the difference between using a thermopile and using an energy balance will affect the results
r w gametes C , C ; F1 genotypes and phenotypes 1 mark: r w F1 genotypes (all) C C F1 phenotypes (all) pink; F2 genotypes and phenotypes 1 mark: r w r w gametes C , C C , C ; r r r w r w w w F2 genotypes C C C C C C C C F2 phenotypes red pink (pink) white; F2 ratio 1:2:1; accept other symbols if key given. accept r and w as symbols without key. 6 (c) (i) 65; 130; 65; 3 (ii) 0.138 + 0.007 + 0.061; (or other suitable working) 0.206 – 0.208; 2 marks for correct value if no working shown
Further details of our integrated care work can be found at: www.nuffieldtrust.org.uk/integratedcare Acknowledgements Our thanks go to Richard Gleave, Diane Gray, George Kissen, Dennis Kodner, Judith Smith and Sarah Smyth for their comments, all of which have helped to shape both the structure and content of this report. 3 What is integrated care? `Integrated care' is a term that reflects a concern to improve patient experience and achieve greater efficiency and value from health delivery systems. The aim is to address fragmentation in patient services, and enable better coordinated and more continuous care, frequently for an ageing population which has increasing incidence of chronic disease. The search for ways to integrate care more effectively is a pressing policy concern. But what do we actually mean by `integrated care'? This research report examines what is meant by `integrated care'
Temperature Sensors 47 Optical Sensors 59 CCDs 72 Magnetic Sensors 82 Motion/Acceleration Sensors 86 Strain Gauge 90 4 Time-Based Measurements 93 Measuring Period versus Frequency 95 Mixing 97 Voltage-to-Frequency Converters 99 Clock Resolution 102 5 Output Control Methods 103 Open-Loop Control 103 Negative Feedback and Control 103 Microprocessor-Based Systems 104 On-Off Control 105 Proportional Control 108 PID Control 110 Motor Control 123 Measuring and Analyzing Control Loops 130 6 Solenoids, Relays, and Other Analog Outputs 137 Solenoids 137 Heaters 143 Coolers 148 Fans 149 LEDs 151 7 Motors 161 Stepper Motors 161 DC Motors 180
ernment, he was not able to get Counselor, Alex often recommends cle, he tells builders of composite back to personal flying until coming that builders load test their home- aircraft why a load test is desirable, to the U. S. and ultimately discover- builts before flying them. He how to conduct it and, very impor- ing EAA and homebuilding. believes this is advisable whenever tantly, how to intrepret the results . Inspired by Bruce Carmichael's modifications have been made to .. some of which may be both unex- August and September 1976 Sport an existing design, and, of course, pected and quite surprising. By ALEX STROJNIK Otructural proof loading, while EAA 61006 in tension - but not until the strain not supplying all answers to all 2337 E
FROM SWIMMING TO SWINGING How I Learned to Swim Effortlessly in 10 Days The Architecture of Babe Ruth How to Hold Your Breath Longer Than Houdini ON LONGER AND BETTER LIFE Living Forever: Vaccines, Bleeding, and Other Fun CLOSING THOUGHTS Closing Thoughts: The Trojan Horse APPENDICES AND EXTRAS Helpful Measurements and Conversions Getting Tested--From Nutrients to Muscle Fibers Muscles of the Body (Partial) The Value of Self-Experimentation Spotting Bad Science 101: How Not to Trick Yourself Spotting Bad Science 102: So You Have a Pill ... The Slow-Carb Diet--194 People The Slow-Carb Diet--194 People Sex Machine II: Details and Dangers The Meatless Machine I: Reasons to Try a Plant-Based Diet for Two Weeks The Meatless Machine II: A 28-Day Experiment BONUS MATERIAL Spot Reduction Revisited: Removing Stubborn Thigh Fat Becoming Brad Pitt: Uses and Abuses of DNA
functionality of multicopy genes, concerted evolution is at play. indel events. We use the ITS sequences of the freshwater sponge However, homogenisation of all the gene variants is not always Ephydatia fluviatilis as an example, and describe intra-individual complete [2]. Divergent copies may interfere in obtaining heterogeneity in this species for the first time. Our method enables adequate results from phylogenetic [3] or phylogeographic to distinguish between individuals by compiling a specific profile analysis [4]. Therefore it is crucial to distinguish between real for each individual analysed. Comparing these profiles can help us informative allelic variants and the misleading single mutated to assess which specimens are similar enough on a genetic level to copies, to achieve reproducible findings
· Usually measured by questionnaire; descriptive · `Why and how' of development are important · `Why and how' are not so important · Standard measures difficult or impossible to obtain Measuring Personality Personality · Self-report tests Questionnaires (yes/no, true-false, agree-disagree) Nomothetic Idiographic Adjectives E.g. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (Schacter p. 492) Trait Psycho- Humanistic Social · Rating scales
The high reduction of formaldehyde with continuous addition is indicative of biodegradation, since the combination of volatilization, adsorption, and chemical transformation should account for less than 25% of the removal. Up to 80% of the formaldehyde was removed, with biodegradation accounting for 5560%. Sediment and Soil The fate of formaldehyde in soil has not been determined HEALTH EFFECTS Acute toxicity The major acute effects are a result of the irritating properties of formaldehyde. After acute inhalation, irritation of the eyes, nose, throat, and lungs, as well as cellular changes, such as ciliar lesions and cellular swelling in the upper respiratory tract have been observed. A 4-hour LC50 value of 480 ppm has been determined for rats. The oral LD50 was 600-800 mg/kg b.w. in rats. In humans, no reports of deaths following acute inhalation exposure to formaldehyde were located.
diseases.[citation needed] Sunflowers also produce latex and are the subject of experiments to improve their suitability as an alternative crop for producing hypoallergenic rubber. Additionally, the stem of a dead sunflower can dry out open wounds.[citation needed] For farmers not intending to grow it, the sunflower is considered a noxious weed. The wild variety will grow unwanted in corn and soybean fields which can have a negative impact on yields. Diseases Main article: List of sunflower diseases Greek myth In Greek mythology, a girl named Clytie fell in love with the sun god Apollo, and would do nothing but watch his chariot move across the sky. After nine days, she was transformed into a sunflower. However, the word "sunflower" and its cognates existed long before Helianthus annuus was brought to Europe, and it is thought that the myth
Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis Kristjan Rannaäär Veterinary medicine, 2. year, 2. group Abstract Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) is a highly contagious ocular disease and big problem in cattle farms worldwide. It is the most common ocular disease of cattle caused by bacteria Moraxella bovis. This study focuses on IBK despite having low mortality rate and complete recovery, it causes significant loss of productivity in the herds affected due to the costs of treatment and considerable impact on afflicted animals, including blindness. This research is focused on the details, such as risk factors, pathogenesis, etiology, clinical signs prevention, transmission, and treatment, which animal handlers should be aware of to
FIGURE 2. Martindale pilling tester. In Pilling Box (see Figure 3) samples are mounted on polyurethane tubes and are tumbled in cork- lined rotating wooden boxes. Accordingly, the samples move under the condition of no pressure and the specimens are conducted under mutual transient touching. As a consequence, unlike the Martindale method, the rubbing for the samples is random. Whichever is the device (Martindale or Pilling Box), the final result consists of abraded fabrics to be assessed in terms of pilling. This is performed by skilled operators (experts) comparing the specimens, after a predefined number of cycles performed by the testing equipment, with visual standards (which may be actual fabrics samples or photographs). On the basis this comparison, the experts define the resistance to pilling using the so called “degree of pilling” [1] i.e. an index
but the service is mainly known simply as NHS. The NHS has recently been the target of criticism over the years. Examples of such are: the length of waiting lists for consultations and surgical procedures; the lack of availability of various treatments either due to long waiting lists or lack of professionals willing to treat NHS patients and leading to people seeking private treatment in cheaper countries overseas. 4. Diseases In humans, disease is often used more broadly to refer to any condition thatcauses discomfort, dysfunction, distress or death to the person affected. In broader sense, it sometimes includes injuries, disabilities, disorders, syndromes and infections. Many different factors may cause disease. Examples of such are genetic defects or nutritional deficiencies. The reasons that may cause disease can be broadly categorized into the following categories like social, psychological, chemical and biological. Some of
in the reality, the supply chain is a complex and dynamic network of facilities and organizations with different, conflicting objectives. Supply chains exist in both service and manufacturing organizations, although the complexity of the chain may vary greatly from industry to industry and firm to firm. Unlike commercial manufacturing supplies, services such as clinical supplies planning are very dynamic and can often have last minute changes. Availability of patient kit when patient arrives at investigator site is very important for clinical trial success. This results in overproduction of drug products to take care of last minute change in demand. R&D manufacturing is very expensive and overproduction of patient kits adds significant cost to the total cost of clinical trials. An integrated supply chain can reduce the overproduction of drug products by efficient demand management, planning, and inventory management.
Handbook of Meat Processing Handbook of Meat Processing Fidel Toldrá EDITOR A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication Edition first published 2010 © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Blackwell Publishing was acquired by John Wiley & Sons in February 2007. Blackwell’s publishing program has been merged with Wiley’s global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business to form Wiley-Blackwell. Editorial Office 2121 State Avenue, Ames, Iowa 50014-8300, USA For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services, and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book, please see our website at www.wiley.com/ wiley-blackwell. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by Blackwell Publishing, provided that the base fee is paid directly to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. F
about the importance of love and family. You are my mainstay and my greatest inspiration. ccc_tracy_fm_i-xviii.qxd 7/7/03 3:22 PM Page vi ccc_tracy_fm_i-xviii.qxd 7/7/03 3:22 PM Page vii Foreword If you are ready to leverage yourself to greatness and achieve giant results, you have the right road map in your hands.You have before you the DNA of your future. All you need to create a wonderful fu- ture for yourself is to read this book, decide how you are going to apply it to your own life, write out a plan, and then go forth with en- thusiasm and make it happen. I have a confession to make. I am one of Brian’s raving fans. I
mass media are an inseparable part of our lives. Entertainment and media always go hand in hand, but in addition to the entertainment, mass media also remain to be an effective medium for communication, dissemination of information, advertising, marketing and in general, for expressing and sharing views, opinions and ideas. Mass media is a double-edged sword which means that there are positive effects of media as well as negative influences of media. Here are some of the different types of mass media: Print Media: The print media includes newspapers, magazines, brochures, newsletters, books and even leaflets and pamphlets. Visual media like photography can also be mentioned under this sub-head, since photography is an important mass media, which communicates via visual representations. Although, it is said that the electronic or new media have replaced the print media, there exists a majority of
8 capillary is absent. This effect explain a very slight broadening of the bands observed in the CE (Fig. 4). Separation process Band separation in zone electrophoresis is based on a combination of electrophoretic mobility and electroosmotic flow of ions. In electroosmosis effect voltage value, ionic strength, viscosity of a buffer, additives in eluent and different coatings of the capillary walls. Electrophoretic mobility of positive, neutral and negative sample molecules is different, but all of the particles under the effect of electroosmotic flow migrate towards the cathode. The rate of migration of the particle is the sum of its own electrophoretic mobility and
When you discover a new word, add it to a list of words to be learned. On one side of the page, list the new word. To the right of the new word, write a synonym for it. Study the words by covering the synonym, looking at the new word, and recalling the synonym. It is also useful to reverse the process so that you practice both the new word and the synonym. LEARN WORDS FROM OLD TOEFL Learn words that have been tested on previous TOEFLs. The under-lined words on previous TOEFL tests are sometimes tested again, but they frequently appear among the four choices presented as synonyms for new words that are tested. You can find words to put on your flash cards or word lists on any TOEFL tests that you may have. TOEFL tests can be found in the TOEFL test kits available from the Educational Testing Service. LEARN THE WORDS IN THIS BOOK Include all of the words listed in this book on your cards and lists. These words have been
D. In the 1700's European cities began to build hospitals. They were charity hospitals for the poor and sick, as the rich people were treated at home. The early hospitals were dark, crowded and very dirty, so it was very likely to be infected even more, when you went to be cured. The first hospital in Estonia was the hospital of Saint John, first mentioned in 1237. It was for the people who had leprosy. 2.2 Recent developments Many scientific advances have helped to improve patient care. Surgical and intensive care units now use electronic equipment. Modern hospitals are full of advanced equipment such as X-ray machines, ultrasound scanners and life-support machines. Computers help hospitals keep laboratory and medical records. Hospitals use many disposable items for safety such as plastic thermometers, and hypodermic syringes and steel needles. They are used only once, so they cannot spread infection. Scientists
results come only after great efforts. Sensitivity in my integrated meaning is broad, covering literally the senses, so that deaf and blind people are less sensitive, as well as people whose senses work perfectly, but whose receptivity or thought processes are blunted for whatever reason. A person can be insensitive in one way, such as blind, and extraordinarily sensitive in another way, such as in hearing. It is also possible to be so ultra-sensitive that the result is disadvantageous. I expect no argument in asserting that a normal sensitivity is a healthy, indispensable ingredient for optimal education. Sensitivity can be heightened or blunted by education. It is intertwined with curiosity. An ideal education affords numerous and varied opportunities for students to touch, see, smell, listen, hear; to spark their curiosity. When I was a child the things that pleased me were largely other than the plants which have earned me a living as an adult
What is the real meaning of life? Why prefer one thing to another? Can we trust observation? It’s raining outside - how do you know it is? I can see it’s raining. How to convince yourself its raining? A good reason to doubt - 49 other peaople have the same opinion. Falsifiable → possible; not falsified World disappeared in 2012 and got recreated 3 secs later → unfalsifiable - cannot prove it’s true/wrong, cannot provide any tests to prove it. Or - one or another but not both → exclusive - one or another (both) → inclusive (Invited those who are managers or specialists - both) Arguments valid or not - logic is a science where to decide it Different arguments lead to different methods. 1 - Recognizing arguments What is an argument? An argument is a group of statements, so that one or more of them (called the premises) is said to
Extended Essay Research Question: To What Extent Does a Plant Based Diet Lower the Risk of Coronary Artery Disease? Subject: Biology Word Count: 3482 Abstract: Because there has been much debate over whether plant based diets are beneficial or not, I’m willing to learn more about it and since there’s eligible data available on the effects of vegetarian/vegan diets on cardiovascular diseases, my research question is formed accordingly: To what extent does a plant based diet lower the risk of coronary artery disease
Seven sets of approaches will be discussed here. cultural artifact among many others, with peculiar advantages and disadvantages for other cultural artifacts and for human development. Were the analysts have sought to 1. Activities vs. Results. In the first place, one may approach our subject understand the object of their admiration, the synthesists have sought to put that object assuming that it is science as a human activity or set of activities that should be the to work for a wide variety of interests of human beings. In a sense, then, the synthesists focus of one's attention. The philosopher should be interested in discovering the have been more pragmatic in their aims than the analysts. Although, because their
If you have any questions, you are welcome to ask them afterwards. Firstly I would focus on the short term effects of alcohol consumption. The amount and circumstances of alcohol consumption play a large part in determining the extent of intoxication; for instance, consuming alcohol after a heavy meal causes alcohol to absorb more slowly. Hydration also plays a role as for determining the extent of hangovers. Initially, alcohol produces feelings of relaxation and cheerfulness, but as a result of further consumption blurred vision and coordination problems generally occure. As far as cell membranes are concerned they are highly permeable to alcohol, once alcohol is in the bloodstream it can diffuse into nearly every biological tissue of the body. Excessive drinking may lead to unconsciousness or alcohol poisoning. Death can also occur. Different concentrations of alcohol in the human body have different effects on the subject.
Psychology Gleitman Blood flow in the brain during different activities: the rate of blood flow is measured by special radiation counters that are placed at various points of the skull and that monitor radiation from mildly radioactive gas injected into the bloodstream. Blood flow pattern depends on what the patient does ( different pattern is found when person is reading aloud, yet another when he watches a moving light and so on). Ambiguous sights and sounds: The way ambiguous figures are perceived often depends on what we have seen just before. For example, if we are first shown an unambiguous figure of a rat, the ambiguous picture will be seen as a rat. If we are first exposed to an unambiguous face, we see the ambiguous figure as a face. What holds for visual patterns also holds for language
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