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2017-10-18
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Cardo Veski
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your own advantage Property - an object or objects that belong to someone; a building or area of land, or both together Dangerous driving to drive recklessly and without any fear or respect Loss - when you no longer have something or have less of something International law - the set of rules that most countries obey when dealing with other countries Operating law the set of rules that one country and its people obey Legal system an area ( of countries) that follow the same kind of rules???? Retelling Explain and retell the text! Not examples, but the terms and expressions. Think about the terms, play with the terms, and put them into right contexts. 7 terms! Think about the structure! Introduction body conclusion = well structures. NO new information in the conclusion! 2 ways to classify the courts: By their functions and by their levels. When to apply the European Court of Justice?
1 Case 7/68 Commission v Italy [1968] ECR 423 2 Case 8/74 Dassonville [1974] ECR 837, paragraph 5. national measures creating unjustified obstacles to cross-border trade. Accordingly, infringements of Article 34 TFEU seem to presuppose activity on the part of a state. In this sense, the measures falling within the scope of Articles 34-35 TFEU consist primarily of binding provisions of Member States’ legislation. Can this measure be attributed to a public authority? Yes. The law was adopted by the Parliament and has the binding power. Is the measure restrictive in the sense of Dassonville formula? Yes. In Dassonville judgment, the Court of Justice took the view that „all trading rules enacted by Member States which are capable of hindering, directly or indirectly, actually, or potentially, intra- Community trade is to be considered as measures having an effect equivalent to quantitative
Challenges of children`s “participation”: A Case Study of active citizenship in Cadle Primary School Gerli Orumaa – 662974 9th of May 2014 Word Count: 8,800 `Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of B.A. International Relations` Table of Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 4 Chapter 1: Citizenship, Children`s Rights and Participation: from the UN to the UK 6 Chapter 2: Citizenship Education in Wales………………………………………………14 Active Citizenship in Cadle Primary School: A Case Study 20 Conclusion 29 Bibliography 32 Appendices Appendix 1: The United Convention of the Rights of the Child
industrialization (industrialiseerimine) - a large-scale introduction of manufacturing occupation (okupatsioon) - permanent trade, profession, empouement, bussiness or means of livelihood or possession of real property or use of a thing court ruling (kohtumäärtus) - a decision made by court precendent (pretsedent) - judicial decision that serves as an authority for deciding a later (similar) case equity (õiglus) - system of jurisprudence founded on principals of natural justice and fair conduct to appeal (edasi kaebama) - application or proceeding for review by higher court to change precious decision to solve a dispute (konflikti lahendama) - finding a solution to a conflict to force someone (kedagi sundima) - making someone act in some way against their own will to fulfill a contract (lepingut täitma) - to complete the obligations from the contract that were given to each party
TOPICS For the PRELIM Year 1 Put down 10-12 relevant terms and retell about: 1. Prescriptive and descriptive law Prescriptive law – prescribe how people ought to behave Descriptive law – describes the way people or natural phenomena behave Break the law – do something illegal Penalty – punishment Government – system by which a state or community is controlled Law – the system of rules System of courts – all judicial institutions Enforce – to make people obey the law Authority – a group of people with official responsibility for a particular area of activity /the moral or legal right or ability to control Prescribe – to tell someone what they must have or do, or to make a rule of something Impose The word law can have several meanings, it can be divided into prescriptive and descriptive law.
all Member States are obliged to allow goods that are legally produced and marketed in other Member States to circulate and to be placed on their markets.2 Exceptions to the prohibition of measures having an effect equivalent to that of quantitative restrictions Article 36 TFEU allows Member States to take measures having an effect equivalent to quantitative restrictions when these are justified by general, non-economic considerations (e.g. public morality, public policy or public security), so basically a principle of proportionality. All exceptions to the general principle must be interpreted strictly and there should be no disguised restriction on trade between Member States.3 Harmonisation of national legislation Article 95 of the EC Treaty, as modified by the Maastricht Treaty abide are Member States to adopt or better to say to harmonize local laws and directives to remove obstacles created by
(see Cassis de Dijon case). g. May we add Art. 37 of the TFEU to the given case? – I do find it possible, thou there aren’t any direct fact regarding monopoly (Case C-189/95 Franzén v Landskrona Tingsrätt - Sweden case). I shall assume that there is an indirect valuation of the Article 37 regarding State monopolies of a commercial character. Animal businesses (that includes not only the EU) are in the most of their quantities ether international companies guided from one office, or large local monopolies who do have opportunities financial and physical to obtain their businesses abroad and connect them directly or indirectly. Fact taken from an official website of GreenPeace organization: Factory farms now account for 72 percent of poultry production, 43 percent of egg production, and 55 percent of pork production worldwide 1. That gives smaller (lets name then SOHO) businesses less opportunities for growth and expansion. h
Foucault elaborates on this, describing the confirmation of absolute sovereign power obtained by torturing criminals in France in the late 18th century. People in power meant to scare the population by showing their ruthlessness, thinking that if the population is afraid, they will be obedient too. By witnessing torture of criminals, also to a certain level agreement was supposed. The fact that such methods are no more, is mostly due to the lack of public discontent. Even if they were criminals, public corporal punishment was found too inhumane (Foucault, 1977). Torture can be a means of punishment on its own, however, the public character of it however serves an additional purpose. The aim of punishment according to utilitarianism as such is prevention. The punishment thus focuses on the future. In this, 4
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