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Read Chapter_5_Output_Control_Methods.pdf Question 1 (10 marks) Draw a PID control scheme and write down an equation to describe the PID control. Compare the differences between the “bang-bang“ control and proportional control. What are the functions of Integral and Derivative terms in the PID equation. Solution: Draw a PID control system: (Figure 5.5, page 111) Write down an equation to describe the PID control: (page 111) Compare the differences and the advantages between the “bang-bang“ control and Proportional control: (page 105) “Bang-Bang“ control or ON-OFF control is the simplest control system. It turns ON when the system needs more INPUT and tuns OFF if the system doesn’t need INPUT any more. The INPUT is similar to the PWM square wave (running ON and OFF during the length of the needed INPUT). Bang-Bang control is similar to the PWM input signal
Dynamic Range 1 Calibration 2 Bandwidth 5 Processor Throughput 6 Avoiding Excess Speed 7 Other System Considerations 8 Sample Rate and Aliasing 11 2 Digital-to-Analog Converters 13 Analog-to-Digital Converters 15 Types of ADCs 17 Sample and Hold 26 Real Parts 29 Microprocessor Interfacing 30 Serial Interfaces 36 Multichannel ADCs 41 Internal Microcontroller ADCs 41 Codecs 42 Interrupt Rate 43 Dual-Function Pins on Microcontrollers 43 Design Checklist 45 v 3 Sensors 47 Temperature Sensors 47 Optical Sensors 59 CCDs 72 Magnetic Sensors 82 Motion/Acceleration Sensors 86 Strain Gauge 90 4 Time-Based Measurements 93
layer of silicon dioxide.Because of this, the input resistance is evene higher than that of a JFET.Ability to use a positive gate voltage distinguishes MOSFET from JFET.Depletion mode MOSFET has an n-channel between the source and the drain. Enhancement-mode MOSFET doesn't have an n channel.And also enhancement-mode MOSFET is normally off when the gate voltage is zero, whereas a depletion-mode device is normally on. 6)Advantages of JFET:a)Due to the voltage adjustment, the control circuit is simple with a low control power;b)because a JFET is an electron majority carrier device, the switching transients speed grows essentially;c)for some reason, its on-state resistance has a positive temperature coefficient, that is the resistance rise with the temperature rise;d)accordingly, the current falls with the load and the parallel connection of such devices is not the problem;e)due to the absence of the second breakdown, the safe operating area is large, therefore the
oData transparency: In bit and byte oriented protocols, there is a problem if a control character (for ETX (End of Text) ·Same as ETB, only no more blocks will follow. ITB (End of > Differences with HDLC length of protocol field (1B or 2B) byte-oriented protocols) or the start-of-frame flag (for bit-oriented protocols) appears in the actual data
. . . . . . . . 159 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Revision History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 viii About this Manual: The CPM1A is a compact, high-speed Programmable Controller (PC) designed for control operations in systems requiring from 10 to 100 I/O points per PC. There are two manuals describing the setup and operation of the CPM1A: the CPM1A Operation Manual (this manual) and the CPM1/CPM1A/CPM2A/ CPM2C/SRM1(-V2) Programming Manual (W353). This manual describes the system configuration and installation of the CPM1A and provides a basic explanation of operating procedures for the Programming Consoles. It also introduces the capabilities of
[email protected] 06 Aug 2018 FITNESS IN SOCCER THE SCIENCE AND PRACTICAL APPLICATION Jan Van Winckel, Werner Helsen, Kenny McMillan, David Tenney, Jean-Pierre Meert, Paul Bradley [email protected] 06 Aug 2018 Isbn-number : 9789082132304 Publisher: Moveo Ergo Sum / Klein-Gelmen Proofreading: Jim Newall Quill Content |Writing, Editing and Web site services http://www.quillsites.co.uk Photos: Jean Leemans and Etienne Claessens Cover and lay-out: Dots & Bits © 2014 Jan Van Winckel Printed and bound at Manipal Technologies Ltd., India All rights reserved. No pa
(b) (i) reject choice of answers, accept any reasonable spelling A cerebrum / cerebral hemisphere / cerebral cortex / frontal lobe; ignore refs to right or left R incorrect lobe B pituitary (gland); R hypothalamus C cerebellum; D medulla (oblongata) 4 (ii) control of breathing; control of heart rate; control of circulation; control of swallowing / salivation / vomiting reflex; 2 (c) If blood hormone concentration rises inhibits output of trophic hormones by pituitary gland; which inhibits output of hormones by endocrine glands; blood hormone concentration falls to normal levels; ref. negative feedback;
Two-Stroke TUNER’S HANDBOOK By Gordon Jennings Illustrations by the author Copyright © 1973 by Gordon Jennings Compiled for reprint © 2007 by Ken i PREFACE Many years have passed since Gordon Jennings first published this manual. Its 2007 and although there have been huge technological changes the basics are still the basics. There is a huge interest in vintage snowmobiles and their “simple” two stroke power plants of yesteryear. There is a wealth of knowledge contained in this manual. Let’s journey back to 1973 and read the book that was the two stroke bible of that era. Decades have passed since I hung around with John and Jim. John and I worked for the same corporation and I found a 500 triple Kawasaki for him at a reasonable price. He converted it into a drag bike, modified the engine completely and added mikuni carbs and tuned pipes. John borrowed Jim’s cop
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