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1. English vowel system and its description: A vowel is a letter of the alphabet [a,e,i,o,u and sometimes y (happy)] that represents a speech sound created by the relatively free passage of breath through the larnyx and orav cavity. English has 5 vowels. Front vowels Central vowels Back vowels High/close /i:/ see /i/ sit /u:/ boot /ʊ/ book Mid /e/ bait /Ɛ:/ bird /ə/ sofa /3:/ bird /o/ boat /ɔː/ bought Low/open /æ/ bat /ʌ/ under /a:/ father /ɒ/ sock With front vowels tounge is pushed forward, with central vowels its neutral and with back vowels tongue is pushed back.
Varities of English Sirelin Koval YORKSHIRE ENGLISH Introduction The history of the Yorkshire variety, sometimes known as The Broad Yorkshire, or Tyke, can be traced back to 400 AD, with the arrival of Angles, Saxons, and other Germanic tribes on the mainland of Britain. Yorkshire is located in the north of today's Britain and even though allowing for boundary changes, has remained the biggest county in England. The English language has become one of the most known lingua franca. Language is used for
Introduction English is spoken on all five continents. With regard to the numbers of speakers it is only exceeded by Chinese and Spanish. But in terms of geographical spread it stands at the top of the league. The varieties of English in the modern world are divided into four geographical groups as follows. British Isles America United States (with African American England English) Wales Canada Ireland The Caribbean Africa Asia, Pacific
Estuary English 1. The geographical dimension: Is `Estuary' English estuary? Estuary English is a dialect of English widely spoken in South East England, especially along the River Thames and its estuary. Phonetician John C. Wells defines Estuary English as "Standard English spoken with the accent of the southeast of England".[1] The name comes from the area around the Thames, particularly London, Kent, north Surrey and south Essex. The variety first came to public prominence in an article by DavidRosewarne in the Times Educational Supplement in October 1984. [2] Rosewarne argued that it may eventually replace RP (Received Pronunciation) in the south-east. Studies have indicated that Estuary English is
Tallinna Mustamäe Humanitargümnaasium Valeria Jefremenkova ENGLISH AS A GLOBAL LANGUAGE INGLISE KEEL KUI ÜLEMAAILMNE KEEL Research work Supervisor: Jevgenija Kozlova Tallinn 2016 1 Table of Contents СONTENT…………………………………………………………………………………...2 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………...3
1. STYLE The term "style" is polysemantic (has many meanings): a Latin word "stilus" originally meant a writing instrument used by ancient people. Already in classical Latin the meaning was extended to denote the manner of expressing one's ideas in written or oral form. Jonathan Swift defined style as "proper words in proper places". In present day English the word "style" is used in about a dozen of principle meanings: 1. the characteristic manner in which a writer expresses his/her ideas (e.g. style of Byron) 2. the manner of expressing ideas, characteristic of a literary movement or period 3. the use of language typical of a literary genre (e.g. the style of a comedy, drama, novel). 4. the selective use of language that depends on spheres / areas of human activity (e.g. style of fiction, scientific prose,
SOCIETY AND CULTURE OF ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES Introduction 1. Nowadays, English is so widely spoken that it can hardly be considered "a one nation's" language. The main countries where English is spoken are: the U.K, the U.S, Canada, Australia, the Republic of Ireland, New Zealand, West Indies 2. There are approx. 300-400 million speakers of English in the world. English occupies the 3rd place by its number of speakers; it is right behind Mandarin and Spanish. 3. ESL (English as a Second Language) used in your own country (e.g. India) EFL (English as a Foreign Language) used in a foreign country ESP (English for Specific Purposes) used in business, airlines, hotels etc. 4. Settlement colonies people migrated into them from Britain and started their own
problems associated to them?); language use – tenor, mode and domain (what do these notions mean and what are some problems associated to them?). Register-analysis Language user vs. language use – the two main parameters of language change. Variability in the language user is further defined by three broad parameters: 1-Time- (when?) the time when the speaker or the writer lived. For example, if you were to translate a Dickens book from english to russian, you could use the same language as did Dostoyevsky, because they lived at the same time (19th century) 2-Region- The second parameter that defines the language user is region. Region refers to where the author/speaker (sometimes character) is from. May be on a broader scale – Middle East, Western world; but also narrower – Germany, Latvia, Minnesota; and even narrower – Conrwall, London, Pärnu, etc. Problems related to region (similar to the problems covered in previous
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