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But it is belived that there was never an organized Celtic invasion.(Celts were too fragmented to make it happen) Iron Celts brought iron with them into Great Britain which made some big changes. Iron is stronger then bronze and iron ore is more common(it made tools and weapons better). One of the interesting innovations that they brough to Britain was the iron plough which changed a lot about the farming(made it easier). Iron changed trade and fostered local independence. Hadrian's wall was a defensive fortification in Roman Britain. Buliding of the wall started in 122 AD, during the rule of emperor Hadrian, it was the first of two fortifications built across Great Britain.(the second one was Antonine Wall) The function of the wall was to keep the enemy away. Hadrian's wall was added to the UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites in 1987. It is about 115-120 km long. Christianity in Roman Britain - Christianity became the state religion of Roman Empire in 4.century.
emerged, Roman influence on Scottish culture was not enduring. The Roman invasion under Quintus Petillius Cerialis began in AD 71 and culminated in the battle of Mons Graupius at an unknown location in northern Scotland in 84. Although the Caledonian confederacy suffered a defeat it was not long before the legions abandoned their territorial gains and returned to a line south of the Solway Firth, later consolidated by the construction of Hadrian's Wall. Roman commanders subsequently made various attempts to conquer territory to the north of this line, including the building of the Antonine Wall and the later Severan campaigns but their success was similarly shortlived. Roman forces ceased to have a significant impact after 211. By the close of the Roman occupation of Britain in the fifth century the Picts had emerged as the dominant force in northern Scotland, with the various Brythonic
was over . 5. Ülesanne Amphitheatre – Amfiteater Aqueduct – Akveduk Barbarian – Barbaarne Cavalry – Ratsavägi Election – Valimised Gladiator – Gladiaator (kutseline võitleja ) Legend – Legend Mausoleum – Muuseum Mosaic – Mosaiik Myth – Müüt Pedagogue – Pedagoogiline Professional – Profesionaalne Republic – Vabariik Sacred – Püha Sewage – Kanalisatsioon Tax – Maks Tribe – Hõim Villa – Villa Etc – Jne HADRIAN’S WALL 6 .Ülesanne Kehtestama – Led Kaitse – Defense Tähistama – Victory Piir – Limits Täiendama – Supplemented Kraav – Diatch Muldvall – earthwork Piirama,Kitsendama – restricted Vahemaa – Intervals Oskustööline – Craftsmen Kaupmees – Traders Muljet avaldav , mõjukas – impressive 7.Ülesanne 1 . Britain Julius met in worth two great celtic tribes,the Brigantes and the Picts. 2. Caledonia is present – day Scotland it was wild mountains country and the
called Britannia. Roman invasions and occupations of southern Scotland were a series of brief interludes. In 834 AD the general Gnaeus Julius Agricola defeated the Caledonians at the battle of Mons Graupius, and Roman forts were briefly set along the Gask Ridge close to the Highland line (none are known to have been constructed beyond that line). Three years after the battle the Roman armies had withdrawn to the Southern Uplands. They erected Hadrian's Wall to control tribes on both sides of the wall, and the Limes Britannicus became the northern border of the empire, although the army held the Antonine Wall in the Central Lowlands for two short periods--the last of these during the time of Emperor Septimius Severus from 208 until 210. The extent of Roman military occupation of any significant part of Scotland was limited to a total of about 40
tired. British History Prehistoric Britain Hill figures / hl 'fgs / künkajoonised, -figuurid Hill forts / hl f:ts / künkakindlused Fortification / f:tf'ken / kindlustamine Ditch / dt / kraav Bank of earth / bæk v : / mullavall There are no written records of Prehistoric Britain, the history is recorded in hill figures (pictures on mountains), hill forts like Hadrian´s wall and stone circles which were used as temples like Stonehenge. The priests were called Druids. Britain was inhabited by various peoples who later spread the Christianity through Northern England and Scotland. Roman Britain Nearing / nr / lähenev Wide-scale / wad skel / laia haardega Warlike / 'w:lak / sõjakas To overrun / v'rn / vallutama Bath / b: / saunakompleks, linnasaun
The United Kingdom The United Kingdom consists of England, Scotland, Wales and North Ireland and it is situated in the Atlantic Ocean near the mainland of Europe. The population of the UK is 58.6 million and area is 244,110 sq km. Britain has a temperate humid climate. Its characteristic features are mild winters, warm summer, no temperature extremes, abundant rain all year round and frequent changes of weather. The mild climate is partly due to the warm Gulf Stream and partly to the south westerly winds. Occasional winds from the east in winter may bring cold and dry weather. The distribution of rainfall is influenced by the Atlantic Stream. The mountainous areas of the north and west have more rain than the lowlands of the south and east. Wales is located on a peninsula in central-west Britain. The entire area of Wales is about 20,779 km². Wales borders by England to the east and by sea in the other three directions: the
That prehistoric monument is located in the plain of Salisbury, in the county of Wiltshire in the south-west of England. It is built of 150 enormous stones which are set in a purposive circular pattern. Stonehenge was probably built to mark the longest and shortest day of the year because it lies on the line of the midsummer sunrise and the midsummer sunset. That would have enabled people to keep a record of changing of seasons. Although it is still unclear who built it. Hadrian’s Wall is an ancient wall which was built in 2nd century by Hadrian, the emperor of Rome from AD 117 to 138, and it marked the northern border of the Roman Empire in Britain. The wall was 80 Roman miles (117 kilometres) long and it is situated in northern Great Britain and stretched from Solway Firth in the west to the Tyne River near Newcastle in the east. It was built to keep the Caledonians of Scotland out of England.
*Boadicea/Boudica At his death bed, Boudica's husband left half his possession to the emperor, expecting that this would protect his family. However, his property was confiscated. When Boudica, the queen of the Celts, protested, she was flogged and her daughters were raped. She swept trough Southern Britain with her tribe and tortured every Roman she met. A women having power seemed unnatural to the Romans. She fought back for 2 years, but finally took poison and died. *Hadrian's Wall It was built by the emperor Hadrian and it marked the Northen border of the Roman empire. Hadrian's Wall was built, beginning in 122, to keep Roman Britain safe from hostile attacks from the Picts. The wall stretched from the North Sea to the Irish Sea. In addition to the wall, the Romans built a system of small forts called milecastles. Sixteen larger forts holding from 500 to 1000 troops were built into the wall, with large gates on the north face
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