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Located in Arctic Ocean Also known as Grønland Kalaallit Nunaat Population 60,324 (2000 Estimate) Total area 2,175,600 square kilometres Greenland, a selfgoverning dependency of Denmark, is the largest island in the world. Greenland consists of an interior icecovered plateau surrounded by a mountainous, generally icefree rim. The interior ice cap is thickest near the centre of the island, where the maximum depth is estimated to be about 3,353 metres (11,000 feet). Underneath the ice cover are the ancient rocks of the Greenland Shield, which is geologically related to the Canadian Shield. Drainage is afforded mainly by the so called ice fjords, in which glaciers from the ice caps pass through valleys to the sea, where they form thousands of icebergs each year. The climate is extremely cold, although the south experiences a short summer. The mammals of Greenland are more American than European and include muskox, wolves, lemmings, and reindeer. The varieties of seal and whale,
Tundra animals Reindeer Reindeer were first domesticated in Norway and northern Asia. When it was seen how valuable they were, they were brought to Alaska in 1887 and later to parts of Canada. These North American reindeer became known as caribou. Although they are called by different names, they are both considered to be a single species. Unlike deer, both the male and female have antlers. The antlers of the male are long, branched and massive, and they are a little flattened at the ends. The antlers of the female are much shorter, simpler and more slender and irregular. Their large, spreading hooves support the animal in snow in the winter and marshy tundra in the summer. Reindeer are also great swimmers and use their feet as paddles. They can also lower their metabolic rate and go into a semi-hibernation when conditions get very harsh. When it looks like there is nothing to eat on the winter tundra, reindeer will scrape the snow away wit
Inuit Culture, Traditions, and History Traditional Inuit way of life was influenced by the harsh climate and stark landscapes of the Arctic tundra from beliefs inspired by stories of the aurora to practicalities like homes made of snow. Inuit invented tools, gear, and methods to help them survive in this environment. Read on to learn more about traditional Inuit ways of life, and how Inuit culture has been changed over the past century. Geography Inuit communities are found in the Arctic, in the Northwest Territories, Labrador and Quebec in Canada, above tree line in Alaska (where people are called the Inupiat and Yupik), and in Russia (where people are called the Yupik people). In some areas, Inuit people are called "Eskimos" however many Inuit find this term offensive. The word "Inuit" means "the people" in the Inuktitut language. Inuit Homes In the tundra, where Inuit communities are found, there are not many building materials. No trees grow in the tundra so houses can not be ma
Polar bear Ursus maritimus or the "sea bear." Polar bears live near the circumpolar at north in areas where they can hunt seals at open leads. Scientists estimate that there are between 22000 to 27000 polar bears. Its closest relative is the brown bear. Adult male polar bears are 2,5 to 3 meters tall. They weigh 250 to 770 kilograms. Adult female bears are smaller. They are about 1,8 to 2,5 meters tall and weigh 90 to 320 kilograms. Polar bears usually eat seals usually the ringed seasl, but sometimes the bearded seals. When hunting is good, polar bears will typically eat only the fat and leave the rest of the carcass for scavengers including arctic foxes, ravens, and younger bears. Polar bears also sometimes kill and eat both walrus and beluga whales. They have even hunted short-legged reindeer and sometimes even birds and bird eggs. Polar bears are top of the food chain in the Arctic. They help to keep the balance o
Humpback whale Humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae CLASS: Mammalia ORDER: Cetacea SUBORDER: Mysticeti FAMILY: Balaenopteridae GENUS: Megaptera SPECIES: Novaeangliae Physical Description The head is broad and rounded when viewed from above, but slim in profile. The body is quite round, narrowing to a slender peduncle. The top of the head and lower jaw have rounded, bump-like knobs, each containing at least one stiff hair. The body is black on the dorsal side, and mottled black and white on the ventral side. About 2/3 of the way back on the body is an irregularly shaped dorsal fin. Its flippers are very long, between 1/4 and 1/3 the length of its body, and have large knobs on the leading edge. The flukes, which can be 5.5 m wide, is serrated and pointed at the tips. Adult males measure 12.2-14.6 m, adult females measure 13.7-15.2 m. They weigh 25 to 40 tons. Feeding Feed on krill, small shrimp-like crustaceans, and various k
Whale There are 13 species of great whale and several species of smaller whales. Whales are large, intelligent, aquatic mammals. Whales have many features that we- other mammals have. Such as four-chambered heart,hair, they are warm- blooded. They are the only mammals, other than seacows , that live their entire life in the water, and the only mammals that have adapted to life in the open oceans. Whales are not fish, because they have lungs and they breath air with them.What is special about the whales is their size. They are enormous. Whales are about 29 m long, height is the 9 sotry building. Many whales exhibit behaviors such as breaching and tail slapping that expose large parts of their bodies to the air. These mammals communicate with one another using whale songs, which often sound very high-pitched to the human ear. These songs are unique and fascinating even may be scary. Whales are moving in pods.The bond between moth
olar bear communication P Polar bear v The polar bear or the sea/ice bear are the world's largest land predators. They can be found in the Artic, Canada, Russia, Denmark (Greenland), and Norway. v In the wild polar bears live up to age 25. v Polar bears have been known to swim 100 miles at a stretch. v Polar bears primarily eat seals. Communication v When a Polar bear wants to play, he communicates this to another bear by wagging his head from side to side. Such play sessions involve ritualised fighting or mock battles. v A mother Polar bear can comfort, protect, or punish her cubs by using her body, muzzle, or paws and scold her cubs with a low growl or a soft cuff. Communication v Among Polar bears, hissing, snorting and a lowered head signifies aggression. An attacking Polar bear will charge forward with head down and ears laid back. Submissive Polar bears always move downwind of dominant bears. Sight v A Polar bear's ey
MOST ENDANGERED BEARS SIIRI PAURSON EMÜ 2016 TOPICS 1. GIANT PANDA (hiidpanda e. bambuskaru) 2. SUN BEAR (päikesekaru e. malai karu e. biruang) 3. ASIATIC BLACK BEAR (kaeluskaru) 4. SLOTH BEAR (huulkaru) 5. ANDEAN BEAR (prillkaru) 6. POLAR BEAR 7. BROWN BEAR 8. THE AMERICAN BLACK BEAR (baribal) 1. GIANT PANDA • The giant panda remains the world's most threatened bear species. • A very high risk of extinction (väljasuremine) in the wild. • Despite "the establishment of nearly 60 panda reserves, a ban on logging (metsaraie keeld), and widespread reforestation programmes," habitat destruction and degradation are still the panda's greatest enemies. 2. SUN BEAR • The world's smallest bear species. • We estimate that sun bears have declined by at least 30 percent over the past 30 years and continue to decline at this rate. • Sun bears live mostly in the tropical forests of mainland Southeast Asia. • The two major threats
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