•Can be used by many parts of one program or by parts of many programs Message Passing •The mechanism by which objects communicate •The object can accept or reject the message •From outside the object it appears to be active data •From inside the object the data is passive --the message tells the object what to do with the data Classes •A very basic concept in OOP •It is a template for creating actual, functioning objects of a given type •In some cases a class is an object •simile –A class is a blueprint or DNA for creating a cow. But – it is the actual cow that produces milk, not the cow class –All cows are made from the cow class Methods •Messages = Requests in avenue •A request is just that: a requestfor an object to do something. •Something ranges from changing properties (like gender) to doing something like copying itself or printing. •Properties are “things”in the object that can be changed. Instansion
" It is also affirmed by Wells, who admits that influences from London are now easier to observe: - It is not a variety that has spontaneously emerged recently Estuary English is a new name. But it is not a new phenomenon. It is the continuation of a trend that has been going on for five hundred years or more - the tendency for features of popular London speech to spread out geographically (to other parts of the country) and socially (to higher social classes). The erosion of the English class system and the greater social mobility in Britain today means that this trend is more clearly noticeable than was once the case. (Wells 1997) - `the sudden emergence of a new type of English' results from irresponsible disregard for the facts. 3. Commonly cited salient features of Estuary English · l-vocalization, milk miwk · glottalling, using a glottal stop · happY-tensing; happy, coffee, valley · yod coalescence; Tuesday, tune, attitude, duke, reduce
"No," she replied, "some did well, others didn't." Same with the kids I grew up with. Isn't it fairly obvious? I say do the best you are able in raising your kids, as in anything else, but don't expect miracles, nor expect that it is a simple formula like in logic. Alas, with educational matters and child-rearing, it is possible to give love, nurturing, superb tutoring or library access, and still end up with an unresponsive child. Such is life. As for class size, I think kids in quantity learn better, on average, than isolated children. I would like my children to have many friends, not few. This, too, I see as obvious. I'd rather have a house full of mess-making kids, than just one, lonely and uninspired. On the other hand, perhaps a student could learn enormously more from a tutor than in a classroom packed with other students. Again, there must be an ideal ratio, plus age considerations, as well as the
Text Adaptor, a web-based tool, was designed as an authoring tool to support K- 12 teachers in the text adaptation practice. While we continue to develop the tool, it currently incorporates several natural language processing (NLP) capabilities to support automated generation suggested text modifications for classroom texts. Tool suggestions are similar to the kinds of adaptations that teachers might implement for English language learners in their content-area classes. Text Adaptor allows users to import a text or web page, and subsequently, to generate the following types of adaptations of the imported text: English and Spanish text summaries, vocabulary support, including synonym (Lin, 1998), antonym, and Spanish/English cognate identification. Text Adaptor also identifies complex phrasal and sentence structures, and academic vocabulary, fixed phrases (for example, phrasal verbs and collocations), and cultural references. Teachers can then modify the text
or hobby (Car, Gardeners' World) 34. Business magazines- specialised and aimed at people in work (sometimes called 'trade' or 'B2B' magazines, Doctor, Press Gazette ) – free to specified readers (known as controlled circulation) and so rely on advertising 35. Customer magazines- produced as part of a marketing strategy to reach the customers of large companies – also called contract, or custom magazines (Intercity for first class travellers on British Rail) 36. Public service broadcasting- intended for the public benefit rather than for purely commercial concerns; aims to improve society by informing viewers – all the BBC's television and radio stations – all stations broadcast on terrestrial analogue television – commercial radio required to broadcast a minimum level of news 37. Commercial broadcasting- - the aim is to provide popular content that attracts a large
• recent painting/decoration of their classroom/office. • Are there any mistakes? Do they think these are errors or slips?* • What band would they give this answer for the Language subscale? 2. In small groups, learners discuss and debate their feelings about these changes. In the first instance, all ideas are valuable and welcome – get them to write each comment on a separate slip of paper. 3. N ow reveal the examiner’s mark and commentary for this sample answer. Are the learners surprised?
Although jealously guarding their privileges, the knighthoods still never became entirely closed. Between sessions of a Diet, the legislative power of the knighthoods belonged to the Council of the Diet. The towns were governed by the Town Councils, which supplemented their ranks from among the representatives of merchants and lawyers. The citizens and the inhabitants of a town did not coincide -- most of the population had no civic rights. The lower class mainly consisted of Estonians. While an special status secured the supremacy of the Baltic knighthood and the German upper classes in towns, it considerably aggravated the legal and social situation of Estonians. It can be said that the pre-nationhood Landesstaat, with its strict social structure, effectively prevented Estonians from becoming Germans. Considering their relatively small number, the beneficiaries of the Landesstaat were
PSYCHOLOGY PART 1: CORE Biological level of analysis Outline principles that define the biological level of analysis. 1) Behavior can be innate, because it is genetically based. Evolution may play a key role in behavior. 2) Animals may be studied as a means of understanding human behavior. 3) There are biological correlates of behavior. Cognitions, emotions and behaviors are products of the anatomy and physiology of our nervous and endocrine system. Explain how principles of the biological level of analysis may be demonstrated in research. 1) Correlational studies: Study by Buss, who hypothesized that across cultures, men will prefer to marry younger women because of greater reproductive capacity and women will place greater value on a potential mate's earning potential to provide survival advantages. This evolutionary hypothesis was tested in 37 cultures by sending out questioners. 2) Twin studies (type of correlational stud
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