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Kuressaare Castle The convent building of Kuressaare castle is the only medieval fortification in the Baltic States that has not undergone considerable alterations and due to that is an internationally important architectural monument. This castle is built of limestone. The roof is made of red stone. The construction of the stronghold was closely connected with the Estonians fight against the German feudals. The first documented data about Kuressaare castle originate only from 1380s. Kuressaare castle remained the residence for the bishops of Saare-Lääne Bishopric until the beginning of the Livonian War. At the end of the XIV and the beginning of the XV century the castle was surrounded by a new mighty 625 m long and 7 m high belt of walls, erected around the old belt of walls dating from the XIII century. The necessity to improve the defence of the castle was due to the invention and usage of firearms. The old parts of the
Toompea (from German Domberg – Cathedral Hill ) is a limestone hill with an area of about 7 hectares in the central part of Tallinn. It towers about 30-40 m above the surrounding areas. According to the legend it´s the tumulus mound over the grave of the national hero Kalev, erected stone by stone in his memory by his grieving wife Linda. It is the birthplace of Tallinn - a place where in 1229 the Knights of the Sword built a fortress instead of the wooden Estonian stronghold. Toompea Castle is also one of the most potent symbols of the reigning power. Today Toompea is the seat of the Government of Estonia as well as the Riigikogu, both of which are often simply colloquially referred to as Toompea. For centuries there was only one access to Toompea - Pikk Jalg - but there is also another way leading up to Toompea - Lühike Jalg, which was made in the 14th century. At present Pikk Jalg and Lühike Jalg are used only by pedestrians. Until
Edinburgh Castle is an ancient stronghold which dominates the sky-line of the city of Edinburgh from its position atop Castle Rock. It is Scotland's second most visited tourist attraction. Human habitation of the site is dated back as far as the 9th century BC. As it stands today though, few of the castle's structures pre-date the Lang Siege of the 16th century, with the notable exception of St Margaret's Chapel, the oldest surviving building in Edinburgh, which dates from the early 12th century.As with all castles, Edinburgh's fortress has been a centre of military activity
· Suuremõisa Castle. Suuremõisa Castle was built in the second half of the 18th century on the initiative of Countess EbbaMargaretha Stenbock (17041776). The wings are erected in 1772. There are 64 rooms in the Castle. 6 ponds were dug in the grounds of the Castle and a park and a garden established. In 1796 the Castle was sold to Baron UngernSternberg. The attic of the Castle has doubleceiling, where the Baron used to hide the treasures stolen from ships that had sunk in the Näkimadalad. On 19 October 1802 the Baron killed Karl Johannes Malm, the Captain (of Swedish origin) of his ship "Brig Morian", in this Castle. For this the baron was deported to Siberia. There are currently two schools in the Castle: Suuremõisa Gymnasium and Suuremõisa Technical School. In the latter one can also study how to become a ship's captain.
It was laid in the 15th century. The massive wooden gate with ironworks dates from the 17th century. Long Leg was used by vehicles. Until the 20th century there was no way down form the western side of Toompea except for a foot-path. The stairs were built in 1903 and are called Patkul Stairs. The name Patkul itself comes from Johann Patkul. He had worked against the Swede, so Patkul was remembered by Russians. In the Middle Ages that part of Toompea where the castle stands was called the Small Fortress. The rest of the hill with the homes of the feudal lords and bishop of Tallinn was called the Big Fortress. The main building, the centre of the Small Fortress, was the Convention House- a building where the members of the knighthood lived. In the 1920s the reconstruction of the building was carried out. The northern part of it became the seat of the State Assembly of the Estonian Republic.
In the Middle ages, it was the place where the bishops and the nobility resided. Here the landed gentry built their beautiful town houses. Most of the remaining buildings were erected after the big fire on Toompea in 1684. Historically, the fortress on Toompea consisted of two parts : the small fortress (today's Toompea Castle) and the big fortress (The rest of Toompea). Pikk Hermann is the best-known corner tower among the three surviving ones of Toompea Castle. It is 46 metres high and serves as one of Estonia's landmarks. Tall Hermann was a traditional name given to the main towers of German castles. After the 50-year long Soviet occupation, the Estonian blue-black-white tricolour was once again hoisted on Pikk Hermann on 24 February 1989. The Cathedral of St. Mary the Virgin (Toomkirik or the Dome Church) was consecrated as a single- nave church with a rectangular chancel in 1240, and rebuilt into a Gothic basilica thereafter. The
Kiek in de Kök Kiek in de Kök is a well-known artillery tower built between 1475 and 1483 AD. Kiek in de Kök stands six stories tall and is a historic landmark of the Livonian War. Today, the tower still houses Ivan IV's nine cannonballs, as well as a museum and photography gallery. Kiek in de Kök means Peek into the Kitchen. Tall Hermann Tower Tall Hermann Tower (Pikk Hermann ) belongs to the Toompea Castle and is easily spotted from Toompea hill in Tallinn. The tower dates back to the 1400s and rises 50 meters high. The first part was built 1360-70. It was rebuilt (lenght brought to 45,6 m) in the 16th century. A staircase with 215 steps leads to the top of the tower. Pikk Hermann tower is situated next to the Estonian Parliament building and the flag on the top of the tower is at 95 meters above sea level . Dominican Monastery
He built a wooden palace at Westminster, were the parliament met later. This is why Westminster became the seat of government not the city of London itself. Edward the Confessor also built Westminster Abbey. He ruled until his death in 1065, after which King Harold was crowned. Norman period( Medieval London) 1066 In 1066 in the Battle of Hastings the Normans were victorious and William was crowned King. William granted the citizens of London special privileges, but he also built a castle in the southeast corner of the city to keep them under control. This castle was expanded by later kings until it became the complex we now call the Tower of London. The Tower acted as royal residence, and it was not until later that it became famous as a prison. In 1176 the first stone London Bridge was built. This bridge was to remain the only one in London until 1739. Because the passage across this one bridge was narrow and clogged with
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