Acverbs and adverbial phrases (0)

Sarnased õppematerjalid

40

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English structure revision for the exam

these words are most commonly nouns, verbs (not auxiliaries), adjectives and adverbs. Closed class words (function words) → These are words that do not take in any new words. In English the word classes are prepositions, pronouns, determiners and conjunctions.   Syntax is the study of how sentences are formed in a language. For example what is the word order ( in English it’s usually subject, verb object) or how words relate to each other in sentences etc. Germanic languages → Belong to the Indo-European language family. Germanic languages divide into West Germanic and North Germanic languages. There used to be East Germanic languages also but they are now extinct.  North Germanic languages → Swedish, Norwegian, Danish, Icelandic and Faroese.

Inglise keel

18

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Word order

mark ( ! ) : What a beautiful day! Do your homework at once! Parts of the Sentence The basic parts of the sentence are: THE SUBJECT (WHO? WHAT?) , THE PREDICATE (does, is doing, has done, etc – action/statement), THE OBJECT (WHO/WHAT is the action/statement directed at?) : Marion (who?) has a boy-friend (who?). She (who?) likes to read books (what?). The earth (what?) is a planet (what?). Besides, there are: THE ATTRIBUTE (WHAT?/WHAT KIND?) and THE ADVERBIAL (WHEN? - adverbial modifier of time/WHERE? – adverbial modifier of place/ HOW? – adverbial modifier of manner) Attributes modify nouns and stand in front of them. Adverbials modify verbs and usually stand behind them: This girl has a beautiful smile. This girl smiles beautifully. Attributes are usually adjectives but sometimes nouns as well: This is an interesting (adjective) story. The kitchen ( noun) door is locked. 2

Akadeemiline inglise keel

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Inglise keele struktuur

number of items. Typical closed classes found in many languages are adpositions (prepositions and postpositions), determiners, conjunctions, and pronouns.[1] Contrastingly, an open class offers possibilities for expansion. Typical open classes such as nouns and verbs can and do get new words often, through the usual means such as compounding,derivation, coining, borrowing, etc. [2] Syntax: studies how words group together to make phrases and sentences. Sentences are not simply random strings of words; they conform to specific patterns determined by the syntactic rules of the language. The syntactic rules in a grammar must account for the grammaticality of sentences, word order, structural ambiguity, the meaning relations between words in a sentence, the similarity of meaning of sentences with different structures, the speaker's creative ability to produce and understand any of an infinite set of possible sentences.

Inglise keel

5

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Word order, articles, prepositions, adverb, adjective

I will you the story at school tomorrow. tell because I don´t time now. have Questions interrogative auxiliary subject other indirect direct place time verb verb(s) object object What would you like to me tell Did you have a party in your yester flat day? When were you here?

inglise teaduskeel

159

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English Grammar Book 1

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the written permission of the publisher. ISBN 1-59905-201-6 Printed in the United States of America 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1  Introduction Grammar is a very old field of study. Did you know that the sentence was first divided into subject and verb by Plato, the famed philosopher from ancient Greece? That was about 2,400 years ago! Ever since then, students all over the world have found it worthwhile to study the structure of words and sentences. Why? Because skill in speaking and writing is the hallmark of all educated people. Lesson by lesson, this book provides basic instruction in the eight parts of speech--nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and

Inglise keel

8

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Big grammar theory

Much More The most Many More The most 5. Pronouns: Subjective personal pronouns: A subjective personal pronoun indicates that the pronoun is acting as the subject of the sentence. The subjective personal pronouns are "I," "you," "she," "he," "it," "we," "you," "they." You are surely the strangest child I have ever met. Objective personal pronouns: An objective personal pronoun indicates that the pronoun is acting as an object of a verb, compound verb, preposition, or infinitive phrase. The objective personal pronouns are: "me," "you," "her," "him," "it," "us," "you," and "them." Seamus stole the selkie's skin and forced her to live with him. Persons P. Adjectives P. Pronouns 1st person (singular) (I) MY MINE 2nd person (singular) (You) YOUR YOURS

Inglise keel

22

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Inglise keele praktilise grammatika mõisted

adjective + preposition omadussõna + eessõna proud of, good at, married to adverb particle Some verbs are followed by adverb particles. Examples are: put on, take off, give away, bring up, call in. Sometimes the particle is detached from the verb and put after the object. •He took his boots off. •They called the doctor in. apposition a grammatical construction in which two usually adjacent nouns having the same referent stand in the same syntactical relation to the rest of a sentence (as the poet and Burns in “a biography of the poet Burns”) back-reference In grammatical analysis, the term reference is often used to state a relationship of identity which exists between grammatical units, e.g

Inglise keel

12

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Degrees of comparison

Degrees of Comparison Table of Contents Degrees of Comparison ......................................................... 2 Formation of comparatives and superlatives from adjectives and adverbs:......................................................................... 2 Adjectives ................................................................. 2 Adverbs .................................................................... 4 Types of comparisons ........................................................... 4 Degrees of Comparison Degrees of Comparison are used to compare things (living beings, actions, phenomena, etc). We use the comparative degree to compare two things: She’s shorter than me. John works harder than Jim. After a comparative we use than. We use the superlative degree to compare more than two things: Mary is shorter than Jane but Judy is the shortest of the three

Akadeemiline inglise keel

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