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1) General facts The UK: * the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland was formed in 1801 * it covers 243,610 sq km * everybody from the UK is called British * the capital city is London * is made up of four constituent countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland which in turn are divided into counties * the flag is called the Union Jack which is a combination of the flags of England, Scotland and Northern Ireland * the population is about 60,000,000 people, the population density is 242 people/sq km * its coasts are washed by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea,
of Normandy, was crowned the king onf England(william the conqueror) o In 1086 the domesday book was completed- a complete catalogue of who owned what in the country o The french language became dominant o The normans imposed a strict feudal system (anglo-saxons were the peasants who were under the norman nobles and barons) o Built castles, cathedrals Three facts about the history of parliament It was in the medieval period that Parliament began its gradual evolution into the democratic body which it is today. The word 'parliament', which comes from the French word parler (to speak), was first used in England in the thirteenth century to describe an assembly of nobles called together by the king. It was divided into two houses during the reign of Henry VII: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The class system
History exam *Stonehenge - is a monument located in England. It is one of the most famous prehistoric sites in the world and is composed of earthworks surrounding a circular setting of large standing stones. The surrounding circular, earth bank and ditch, have been dated to about 3100 BC. Stonehenge was produced by a culture with no written language. Many aspects of Stonehenge remain subject to debate. There is little or no direct evidence for the construction techniques used by the Stonehenge builders. *The Celts in Britain and their legacy The Cets lived in Britain in The Iron Age. They were warring tribes who were battleful amongst themselves as well as inter-tribal war. They were not centrally governed. The Celts brought iron working, iron ploughs and metal swords,
5th cent. A-S soon had the s-east of the country in their grasp. A-S were pagan when they came to br. A-S had little use for towns and cities but had great effect on the countryside, where thay introduced new farming methods and founded thousand self-sufficient villages. 1 7.The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is a collection of annals in Old English chronicling the history of the Anglo-Saxons. The annals were initially created late in the 9th century, probably in Wessex, during the reign of Alfred the Great. Multiple manuscript copies were made and distributed to monasteries across England and were independently updated. In one case, the chronicle was still being actively updated in 1154. Nine manuscripts survive in whole or in part, though not all are of equal historical value and none of them are the original version. 8. Beowulf
The Scottish flag has a white cross on a blue background. It is also on the Union Jack. Northern Ireland is the smallest part of the UK as it only covers about 5500 square kilometres. About half of the 1.7 million inhabitants live in or around Belfast, the capital, in the eastern coastal region. The centrepiece of Northern Ireland's geography is Lough Neagh, at 151 square miles (392 km²) the largest freshwater lake both on the island of Ireland and in the British Isles, and the third largest lake in Western Europe. A second extensive lake system is centred on Lower and Upper Lough Erne in Fermanagh. Northern Ireland don't have an official flag any more nor a coat of arms. Due to the division of the population along ethnic, religious and political lines, a wide variety of flags can be seen flying from lampposts and private houses across Northern Ireland. Government. The British Constitution is an unwritten constitution, not being
th western Scotland, until 10 c Mysteriously disappeared Constantly fought with Romans Teir country- Caledonia- Pictland The Scots, Hibernia Raiders, Celts living in Ireland/Hibernia Migrated to Scotland Raided Roman Britain After Kenneth McAlpin united Scotland all inhabitants became Scots The Venerable Bede A monk in the Northumbrian monastery of Jarrow In 731 ,,The Great Ecclesiastical History of the English People"- overshaows all other sources of 7th, early 8th C Well-founded scraps of tradition, first work of history, where AD system is used Angles, Saxons, Jutes. Frisians 430´s onwards, Germans settlers arrived in large numbers. Anglo-Saxon invasions in 499 The Saxons- Saxon country to South and West The Angles- Angulus to East Anglia, Jutes in Kent Same culture as southern Scandinavia, Germany, northern France
The Royal Navy also enabled England to realize her imperialistic ambitions and defy the Pope and the Catholic powers of Europe. Henry used Parliament to establish himself as the head of the Protestant Church with the Act of Supremacy (1534). His Reformation led to the creation of the religiously distinct Anglican Church. The dissolution of the monasteries provided Henry with much needed wealth. The reign of Elizabeth I was called the Golden Age of English history, because it produced poets like Shakespeare and Spenser and prosperity for the entire nation. She also restored national unity and made England Protestant again. The discovery of America placed Britain in the centre of the world's trading routes and brilliant naval commanders (Sir Francis Drake, Sir Walter Raleigh) enabled England to dominate these trade routes. Sir Walter Raleigh is known for being the person who first brought potatoes and tobacco to Britain. The Stuarts
The Saxons & Vikings Fragmentary knowledge of England in the 5th & 6th centuries comes from the British writer Gildas, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, saints' lives, poetry, archaelogical findings and place- name studies. British landlords ruled small, unstable kingdoms and continued some Roman traditions of governance. In the mid-5th cent, Vertigern, a British leader, hired Germanic mercenaries to help defend against peoples of the north (Picts & Scots). In the end they revolted & the process of invasion and settlement began. The first Saxon ,,kings" were Hengist & Horsa in Kent, Aelle in Sussex, Cerdic / Cynric in Wessex. So the first ,,English" became mainly from Northern Germany & Denmark. The resistance of the Celts was long. They were free at the time, not like other Roman provinces on the Continent.
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