REALISM AND NATURALISM Lecture 6 Post Civil-War America • United States fully settled from the East Coast to West Coast • Profound changes: technological changes = US becomes modern industrial state • US became more confident in itself • Immigration – large population of immigrants no longer spread to west, become the labour force to the factories, also dramatic growth in cities • New tension in society, what it really means to be an American • Income disparities – big gap between people who are rich and people who are poor • Westward expansion – people can think about optimistic things happening when they think about the positive things happening in the country • United States as an urban nature: skyscrapers, full of people etc Intellectual and literary trends • Darwinism • Social Darwinism • ...
Idealization of Nature in Romantic Poetry One of the main characteristics of romanticism in general is the constant praising of nature and connecting it with almost everything. As the second half of the 18 th century was the time of the industrial revolution, urbanization and mankind's distancing from nature in every way, it is not surprising that as a result it became more and more important to and valued by people it had suddenly become something remote and far from everyday life, somewhat a luxury. The utmost way this luxury manifests in romantic poetry is nature's ability to help whoever takes the time to value its divinity get in touch with themselves and get away from everything that might influence their way of acting. Nature provides the ideal atmosphere and surroundings to do this in the opinion of romantic poets, it is the very best place to come to when in need of solitude or an answer to personal or social conflicts....
Test on Romantic Poetry and Prose 1. Approximate dates of romanticism: in the second half of the 18th century. Major events on world history at that time: · Industrial revolution · In America the Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776 · The French Revolution, 1789 · The King of England was George III, after him George IV and then Queen Victoria Outcomes: · Revolution did not bring welfare · Lives of the lower-classes worsened · Extended the distance between the lower and upper class · The rich got richer, the poor got poorer 2. Romanticism is a reaction against classicism, science and atomic (aesthetic ideal of order and unity) worldview. Romantic ideal is the organic world. Romanticism: · Returns to nature and belief in the goodness of mankind · Exaltation of the senses and emotion overcome reason and intellect i...
The Romantic movement in American literature Romanticism in literature · Romantic · Romanticism is an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement · Influenced by : - Enlightenment - elevated medievalism · In America 1820 Characteristic features · Intuition, instincts, imagination, feelings · Folk art, nature, heroism · Protest against reality · Emphasis on women and children · Dreams · Symbolism and myths Events & Dates · The American Revolution (1776 -1783) · The French Revolution (1789 1799) · The Industrial Revolution · Civil war (1861 1865) · Colonies, communes · Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803 1882) · Henry David Thoreau (1817 1862) Famous writers · Small literary world, writers knew each other · Washington Irving (1783 -1859) · James Fenimore Cooper (1789 -1851) · Nathaniel Hawthorne (1819 1891) · Herman Melville (1819 -1891) ...
Romantism Inglismaal, Saksamaal ja Hispaanias Sisukord 2 Romantismi üldiseloomustus Romantism kui kunstisuund tekkis 19. sajandi algul ja kestis sama sajandi keskpaigani. Romantism avaldus eriti maalikunstis ja graafikas. Maalikunstis asetati pearõhk eelkõige koloriidile, valguse-varju kontrastidele ja hoogsale pintslikäsitlusele. Iseloomulik on ainestiku valimine ajaloost (eriti keskajast), legendidest ja kirjandusteostest. Suurt huvi tunti eksootika vastu, kuid ka kaasaja sündmusi ei jäetud kujutamata. Romantismiaja arhitektuurile on iseloomulik minevikustiilide eklektiline taaskasutamine. Romantismiga algas ühe osa kunstnike nn boheemlus, isikupära rõhutav ja tavaliste inimeste nn normaalset elu trotsiv käitumine. Boheemlane peab kunstnikuksolemist, loomisseisundis viibimist tähtsamaks kui lõpetatud kunstiteost. Kunstnikke ühendas ühine ellusuhtumine, mitte sarnane vormikäsitlus. Õigem ongi romantismi nimetada mitte ...
S » Tallinn» . , Tallinn refreshingly uncontrived. , , varied moving . Tallinn, - , , yourselves shorefront promenade. , . Tallinn delightful ofcourse - europe. sightsseeings, , intresting. Toompea Nevsky, 1900. Tallinn Mikhail Preobrazhenski St. Petersburg. . Toompea . 16th , Tallinn Europe. , Riga Vilnius , 80 2.35km . St Mary 1223 Toompea. More commonly , noblemen. (Toomkirik) Kiriku . GLAVN Lutheran . . 1878 Classicism Romanticism. 2 , . 1510-1529 seaward storehouse gunpowder, . , Maritime viewing on top of . Toompea , Kiek de Kök (peek ). 38m , 17m 4m . St ...
Symbolism Liisi Pajula Characteristics 19th century France, Belgium reaction against Naturalism and Realism spirituality, imagnination, dreams represents a more gothic side of Romanticism static, priestly Artists Caspar David Friedrich Fernand Khnopff John Henry Fuseli Gustave Moreau Edvard Munch Jan Toorop Fernand Khnopff "The Caress" Symbolism in art mythology, dreams to reveal the soul evocative no mainstream symbols very private, obscure, ambigious more like a philosophy influenced Art Nouveau and Les Nabis precursors of Surrealists "Symbolism plus Freud" Aftermath Aestheticism Expressionism, surrealism in painting Picasso's "Blue period" National style in Belgium René Magritte In early motion pictures
THE BRONTE SISTERS CHARLOTTE EMILY ANNE BIOGRAPHY FATHER AN IRISH PROTESTANT, A CLERGYMAN IN YORKSHIRE MOTHER DIED IN THEIR CHILDHOOD VIVID IMAGINATION DRAWING, WRITING AND TELLING STORIES EDUCATED AT A CHARITY SCHOOL GOVERNESSES "POEMS BY CURRER, ELLIS AND ACTON BELL" CAHRLOTTE 1816-1855 THE PROFESSOR (1857) JANE EYRE (1847) SHIRLEY (1849) VILLETTE (1853) JANE EYRE GREATLY AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL REALISTIC PICTURES + ROMANTICISM WOMAN'S PROBLEMS AND SOUL LONELINESS, POVERTY, SOCIAL INSIGNIFICANCE ATTACKS THE GREED AND LACK OF CULTURE OF THE BOURGEOISIE JANE EYRE SOCIETY CAN BE REFORMED BY MEANS OF EDUCATION INHUMAN EDUCATION SYSTEM OF CHARITY SCHOOLS FIGHT FOR WOMEN'S EMANCIPATION EMILY 1818 - 1848 WUTHERING HEIGHTS (1847) PLOT FULL OF ...
Poe's best known fiction works are Gothic His most recurring themes : death (its physical signs) the effects of decomposition concerns of premature burial the reanimation of the dead, mourning Dark romanticism genre Wrote : horror satires humor tales hoaxes He used irony and ludicrous extravagance "Metzengerstein" - the first story that Poe is known to have published Poe reinvented science fiction responding in his writing to emerging technologies such as hot air balloons in "The Balloon-Hoax" He used themes specifically catered for mass market tastes. Disliked didacticism and allegory "Works with obvious meanings cease to be art." "Quality work should be brief and focus on a specific single effect. " "The writer should carefully calculate every sentiment and idea." During his lifetime recognized as a literary critic. Poe's early detective fiction tales starring the fictitious C. Auguste Dupin - Dupi...
BRITISH CULTURE Etiquette Table of contents Everyday etiquette Time Eating etiquette English literature Sports Everyday Etiquette In general the British prefer to be introduced to strangers, if at all possible wait for a third party introduction when meeting someone new. Great Britain (especially England) is a non touching culture. When greeting someone a handshake accompanied by a "Pleased to meet you" is appropriate. When departing be sure to shake everyone's hand, a general group wave as is often done in the United States is not looked on favorably. Strong eye contact is not overly common among strangers and casual acquaintances, too much eye contact is considered and invasion of privacy. Eye contact is used when one really wants to make a point, when speaking with close friends, and when interest in a person or topic wants to be stressed. Bad To...
Report Title: ,,Frankenstein'' Author: Mary Shelley Genre: Novel Setting (time): 19th century Setting (place): North Pole, Europe (Switzerland, Scotland, England) Tone: magical, dark, mysterious, ghostly Themes: love, loneliness, science, human tendency Introduction Frankenstein was first published in March, 1818. This book is also known as The Modern Prometheus. Frankenstein is one of the most popular works of gothic horror and science fiction literature and it is considered to be one of the best known novels of English Romanticism. Characters Robert Walton: Walton is a well-educated sea captain who wants to explore the North Pole. He meets Victor there and then he writes Victor's story to his sister. Victor Frankenstein: A young man who is interested in science, chemistry and nature and he is the creator of the monster. Elizabeth Frankenstein: The wife of Victor and who is later ki...
American Art Revision Materials Colonial Period Portraiture. The first typically American paintings were illustrated maps but painting remained scarce during C17. There were 4 reasons: settlers came from backgrounds where art was unusual, Protestant attitudes was averse to imagery and painting, the English were not yet distinguished in visual arts and religious art was non-existent. The colonial period is almost entirely limited to portraiture (deemed as `useful' by settlers). These first paintings were made by limners and artisans without formal training and were based on what was popular in England during the Tudors. The paintings are technically unskilled, strongly patterned, flat and linear. Spanish painting in America was mostly religious. In C18, painting was a luxury and necessitated wealth that had by then become available. Portraitures remained at the forefront because the rich could thusly display their status and becaus...
American Art Revision Materials Colonial Period Portraiture. The first typically American paintings were illustrated maps but painting remained scarce during C17. There were 4 reasons: settlers came from backgrounds where art was unusual, Protestant attitudes was averse to imagery and painting, the English were not yet distinguished in visual arts and religious art was non-existent. The colonial period is almost entirely limited to portraiture (deemed as `useful' by settlers). These first paintings were made by limners and artisans without formal training and were based on what was popular in England during the Tudors. The paintings are technically unskilled, strongly patterned, flat and linear. Spanish painting in America was mostly religious. In C18, painting was a luxury and necessitated wealth that had by then become available. Portraitures remained at the forefront because the rich could thusly display their status and becaus...
The Romantic Age. Began in the 18th century. There are some disagreements about when the period began so we can't say the exact year of the beginning. Characteristics of Romantic age: The Romantic Age is a term used to describe life and literature in England in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. -Imagination was very important Like William Blake an English poet has said "I know that this world is a World of Imagination and Vision" -Belief and appreciating nature -Independency Writers placed the individual, rather than society, at the center of their vision. The assertion of nationalism became a central theme of Romantic age. Literature Emergence of new ideas and positive voices. Emphasis was women and children, the heroic isolation of the artist or narrator, and respect for nature. Some writings were also based on the supernatural. Belief in the possibility of progress. Writers tended to be optimists a...
Discuss the representation of the generation of fathers in Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons" Turgenev always had two tasks before him to depict the body and pressure of time, and to depict the rapidly changing face of cultured Russian society (Freeborn 1960:48). Kluchevsky (1993:40) defined one case of the generation gap in the beginning of the XIX century as "merry cosmopolitan sentimentality of the fathers now transformed in a patriotic grief of their children. The Fathers were Russians, who passionately wanted to become French; the sons were raised as French and passionately wanted to become Russians. Fathers and Sons situates this generational conflict within family relations. In this essay, the ways how Turgenev represents the generation of Fathers in Fathers and Sons is discussed. Fathers and Sons is set in between Russia's defeat in the Crimean War and the Emancipation of the Serfs a socially challenging area. Mid-19 th c...
English writers Maria maasing Edwin Abbott Abbott · Edwin Abbott Abbott(1838-1926)was an English clergyman and writer.He was born in London. He wrote several theological works and a biography (1885) of Francis Bacon, but he is best known for his Shakespearian Grammar (1870) and religious allegory the Flatland. William Blake · William Blake (17571827) was an English poet, philosopher and artist.He was one of the most extraordinary personalities to emerge during the period of Romanticism. He believed that spiritual reality lies hidden behind the visible world of the senses and he attempted to create a symbolic language to represent his spiritual visions. He began printing his own illustrated poems in colour in 1787. The first example was Songs of innocence(1789). Towards the end of his life, he joined a circle of younger artists who appreciated his remarkable pow...
The origins of American literature The first Americans were explorers and settlers, adventurers and idealists who crossed the ocean in search of new opportunities or to escape the poverty and intolerance. Their writings were matter-of-fact accounts of life in America, which explained colonisation to Englishmen back in the homeland. An example of this form of writing is John Smith's A True Relation of Virginia, which is widely recognized to be the first example of Am lit. The early years of colonisation produced a mass of utilitarian writings including biographies, accounts of voyages, diaries, sermons, pamphlets. Much of the material addressed the problems of Church and State. There were few examples of fiction, poetry or drama. Anne Bradstreet of Massachusetts published some lyrical poems of high literary quality (1650) and Edward Taylor, who was born in England but lived in Boston, wrote some poetry in the style of John ...
Old Mr. Dashwood is the owner of a large estate in Sussex called Norland Park. Following the death of his sister, Mr. Dashwood invites his nephew Mr. Henry Dashwood to come live with him at Norland. The younger Mr. Dashwood brings John Dashwood, his son from a previous marriage, as well as the three daughters born to his present wife. John Dashwood is grown and married, and has a four-year-old son, Harry. When Old Mr. Dashwood dies, he leaves his estate to John and little Harry, who had much endeared himself to the old man. But now John's father, Henry Dashwood, is left with no way of supporting his wife and three daughters, and he too dies one year later, leaving only ten thousand pounds for his family. Just before his death, he makes his son John promise to care for his stepmother and three half-sisters. Mr. John Dashwood initially intends to keep his promise and treat his female relatives generously, but his wife Fanny, a narrow-min...
English literature is one of the oldest literatures in Europe; dates back to the 6th century AD. Oral literature, i.e. not written down, spread from person to person. In 449 AD Anglo-‐Saxon tribes invaded England – beginning of the Anglo-‐Saxon period in English literature. The first form of literature was folklore, carried by scops and gleemen, who sang in alliterative verse (a kind of simple poetry). Prose developed much later. The first form of recorded English literature was the epic Beowulf, which was produced sometime near the end of the 7th and beginning of the 8th century. It has no ...
The making of a new nation. The Enlightenment in America. The emergence of the notion of the American Dream. The great Enlighteners: Crèvecoeur, Jefferson, Paine, Franklin. The American Enlightenment is the intellectual thriving period in the United States in the midtolate 18th century (17151789), especially as it relates to American Revolution on the one hand and the European Enlightenment on the other. Influenced by the scientific revolution of the 17th century and the humanist period during the Renaissance, the Enlightenment took scientific reasoning and applied it to human nature, society, and religion. American Enlightenment a gradual but powerful awakening that established the ideals of democracy, liberty, and religious tolerance in the people of America. If there were just one development that directly caused the American Revolution and uplifted the intellectual culture of the continent while it was only a British colony,...
English Literature ,Victoria Age 1) Overview of the Victorian age · Periodization During the reign of Queen Victoria (1837-1901) · Why is the Victorian Age compared to the Elizabethan Age? Both are associated with the reign of a very popular queen; Victorian age idealised the Elizabethan Age; many changes in different fields- economy, religion etc.; focusing more on people's attitudes, political developments etc; Victorian age was inspired by Elizabethan era; Britain became an empire · What were the most important changes in politics, religion and social life that occurred during the Victorian age? Politics: 1848 Chartist movement (voting right for the working class); women's suffrage movements; feminist outburst (wanted to have business openly; own property, voting etc.); world dominion (British empire); Economy: Industrialization; urbanization (people moved to towns no agriculture & food); laissez- faire eco...
Art Museum of Estonia Art Museum of Estonia was founded on November 17th, 1919, but it was not until 1921 that it got its first permanent building the Kadriorg Palace, built in the 18th century. In 1929 the palace was expropriated from the Art Museum in order to rebuild it as the residence of the President of Estonia. The Art Museum of Estonia was housed in several different temporary spaces, until it moved back to the palace in 1946. In September, 1991 the Kadriorg Palace was closed, because it had totally deteriorated by then. At the end of the year the Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia decided to guarantee the construction of a new building for the Art Museum of Estonia in Kadriorg. Untill then the Knighthood House at Toompea Hill served as the temporary main building of the Art Museum of Estonia. The exhibition there was opened on April 1, 1993. Art Museum of Estonia premanently closed down the exhibitions in that buildi...
Tallinn Mustamäe College G2K Jaana-Kristiina Jõgevest The Four oldest churches of Tallinn Report Supervisor: Ingrid Teigar Tallinn 2009 The Dome Church The Danes began fortification of Toompea after the conquest of Tallinn in 1219 and probably also built the first church there. It was presumably a wooden building located at the site of the present cathedral. However, a serious conflict with the Order of the Brothers of the Sword broke out soon as the latter wanted to gain control of the entire Estonia. The order succeeded in subordinating Tallinn and the whole of North Estonia to its rule in 1227. The monks of the Dominican Order began the construction of a stone church in Toompea in 1229. The first written data on the cathedral date back to 1233, the date of a battle...
Uurimistöö alused e. UT 18.09.2015, reede referaat - teiste inimeste mõtete edasiandmine refereerituna uurimsutöö - lisad referaadile lisaks ka enda osa NB! Uurimustöö ei ole referaat! Uurimistöö on mingi teema tutvustamine ja millegi uurimine. Uurimistöö aitab välja selgitada mingite nähtuste,objektide sisu ja toimimist ning annab ka väikese panuse üldiste küsimuste lahendamisele. Uurimistöö eesmärk, kasulikud oskused: Uute teadmiste saamine Aja planeerimine Info kogumise oskus Teadmiste kasutamine ja arendamine Kriitline lugemine ja info selekteerimine (Ettevalmistus kõrgkooliks) NB! Uurimistöö teema valitakse 11.klassi sügisel ning peab olema valmis 11.klassi lõpuks. Millest alustada? Teema valik (mis mind üldse huvitab?) Materjalide v...
Russian philology The meaning of the word "philology" is "love for word". This is love that unites teachers and researchers of modern and Classical languages and literature, interpreters and diplomats, journalists and publishers, writers and poets. Russian philologis are highly demanded in various spheres of scholarly research and education, in the mass media, in civil service at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in archives, libraries, museums, in travel agencies, as well as Russian and international companies. Curriculum within in philological faculty includes courses of Russian and European languages and literature, courses of Linguistics and Theory of Literature for students to familiarize themselves with various schools and trends of Russian and foreign philology. The core curriculum also includes a number of Liberal Arts courses (Philosophy, History, Psychology, Pedagogy), as well as courses of basic mathematics and compute...
Style The term style is a polysemantic one. The latin word ,,stilus" meant a writing instrument used by the ancients for writing on waxed tablets. Already, in classical latin the meaning of style was extended to denote the manner of expressing one's ideas in written or oral form. One of the abts/the best was given by Jonathan Swift: ,,Proper words in proper places." In present- day english, the world style is used in about half a dozen basic meanings. 1. the characteristic manner in which a writer expresses his ideas. Some speak about the style of Hemingway, Dickens etc. 2. the manner of expressing ideas, characteristic of a literary movement or period. Style of symbolism, romanticism 3. the use of language to pick a literary genre-comedy, novel, drama, O.D (poetic form) etc. 4. the selective use of language that depends on spheres of human activity fiction, scientific prose, newspape...
Estonian history between 1710-1850 and 1850-1918 Contents Contents.................................................................................................................................. 2 17101850.............................................................................................................................. 3 Population and social structure........................................................................................ 4 Serfdom and the intensifying manorial economy ............................................................. 4 Influences of Pietism and the Moravian Brethren............................................................. 5 Enlightenment and enlightened absolutism...................................................................... 6 18501918.......................................................................................................................
STYLISTICS 1. Style, stylistics, a survey of stylistic studies The term ,,style" is polysemantic. Latin ,,stilus"--a writing instrument used by the ancients for writing on waxed tablets. Soon, the meaning was extended to denote the manner of expressing one's ideas in written or oral form. Jonathan Swift said: ,, Style is proper words in proper places" Present day--half a dozen meanings: · the characteristic manner in which a writer expresses his ideas (Style of Byron) · the manner of expressing ideas characteristic of a literary movement or period (symbolism, romanticism) · the use of lg. typical of a literary genre (comedy, drama, novel) · the selective use of lg that depends on spheres of human activity. These are called functional styles or registers (fiction, newspaper) Stylist...
This is a post-refereeing final draft. When citing, please refer to the published version: Cohen, S.A. (2011). Lifestyle travellers: Backpacking as a way of life. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(4), 1535-1555. DOI: 10.1016/j.annals.2011.02.002 LIFESTYLE TRAVELLERS: Backpacking as a way of life Scott A. Cohena Bournemouth University, United Kingdom a corresponding author: School of Tourism, Dorset House, Talbot Campus, Poole, Dorset, BH12 5BB, United Kingdom. Tel: +44 1202 961261 Fax: +44 1202 515707 Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Scholarship on backpackers speculates some individuals may extend backpacking to a way of life. This article empirically explores this proposition using lifestyle consumption as its framing concept and conceptualises individuals who style their lives around the enduring practice of backpacking as ‘lifestyle travellers’. Ethn...
British Literature in the 20th-21st Century REVISION QUESTIONS 1. The Contradictory, diverse, chaotic 20th century. New developments in science and philosophy. The essence and influence of Freudian theory. Contradictory, diverse, chaotic 20th c- simultaneous rejection and invocation of the past. While modernists apotheosized the creative geniuses of the past, they also rejected old poetic forms. Challenge old and established beliefs and more and more people had access to books and education more people went to universities. profound change in morals: · No universal value and perspective on things · Multiple truths, multiple perspectives · Nothing has inherent (kaasasündinud, sisemist) importance · Life lacks purpose Science: Albert Einstein-general theory of relativity had a huge impact on culture as well. Everything is relative. Philosophy:...
UNO SOOMERE ESTONIAN SYMPHONIC MUSIC. THE FIRST CENTURY 1896-1996. AN OVERVIEW With a Historical and Cultural Summary IN MEMORY OF THE GREAT ESTONIAN COMPOSERS CONTENTS ESTONIA AND THE ESTONIANS FOREWORD IN THE FOLD OF TSARIST RUSSIA. EMERGENCE AND FIRST STEPS ON THE CLASSICAL-ROMANTIC PATH. HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION I. MUSICAL LIFE IN TARTU AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY. TRAILBLAZERS: ALEKSANDER LÄTE, RUDOLF TOBIAS, ARTUR KAPP. II. THE FIRST DECADE OF THE 20TH CENTURY. ARTUR LEMBA: THE BEGINNING OF ESTONIAN SYMPHONY AND OPERA. III. NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN CULTURAL AND MUSICAL LIFE: THE END OF THE TSARIST PERIOD. THE INDEPENDENT REPUBLIC OF ESTONIA: THE INTRODUCTION OF INNOVATIONS FROM WESTERN ART AND THE EVOLUTION OF NATIONALLY ORIENTED MUSICAL TRENDS. IV. THE TWENTIES. ARTUR KAPP: ROMANTICIST AND DRAMATIST. V. THE INFLUENCE OF NEW WESTERN MUSIC...
FGI 1081 Stilistika (Irina Ladusseva) Kab. 420 2 AP Ends with an exam; lasts only for 1 semester. At the exam you get 2 questions and an exercise (50 sentences: establish the device used, recognize it, and name it). Care about the pronunciation of the terms. Books: - I. Galperin "Stylistics" - I. Ladusseva "Rhythm and Text" - I. Ladusseva "Vocabulary and Style" - I. Ladusseva "Stylistic practice: Book I, Book II" - I. Ladusseva "A Guide to Punctuation" EXAMINATION TOPICS: 1. Style, stylistics, a survey of stylistic studies ...
THE W R I T E R ' S JOURNEY M Y T H I C STRUCTURE FOR W R I T E R S THIRD EDITION CHRISTOPHER VOGLER S C R E E N W R I T I N G / W R I T I N G Christopher Vogler explores the powerful relationship between mythology and storytelling in his clear, concise style that's made i this book required reading for movie executives, screenwriters, playwrights, fiction and non-fiction writers, scholars, and fans of pop culture all over the world. Discover a set of useful myth-inspired storytelling paradigms like "The Hero's Journey," and step-by-step guidelines to plot and • character development. Based on the work of Joseph Campbell, The Writers Jour...
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