Forestry Importance: · Environmental-protective importance Oxygen Cleans the air/soils/ground water Protects the soil from erosion · Timber Firewood Woodwork Building materials Timber cellulose paper · Mushrooms/berries/juices · Habitat of different species Measuring the amount of forest: · Fixing the area under the forests (ha/%) -> In Estonia 47.4%, 2.143 mil/ha It doesn't take into account the amount of timber · To measure the amount of timber (m3) -> 352.7 mil/m3 It doesn't take into account the annual increase · To fix different species of trees (%) -> Pine 40%, Birch 30%, Spruce 20% · To measure the annual increase of timber (m3, ha, year) -> 9 mil. m3/ha/year Main principle of the economy of forests: Annual cutting should be equal to annual increase. Trees are divided into: · Precious trees (ebony, mahagony, sandalwood) · Hard-br...
Urban Forestry Gene W.Grey Frederick J.Deneke Ants Nokkur Metsandus I Content Introduction Early history History Distribution Composition Popular species Benefits Planting trees Conclusion Introduction Ø An urban forest is a forest or a collection of trees that grow within a city, town or a suburb. Ø Urban forests plays an important role in ecology of human habitats in many ways: they filter air, water, sunlight, provide shelter to animals and recreational area for people. They moderate local climate and slowing wind. History of Urban Forestry Early History Ø Trees have been esthetically important to people since the earliest civilization. Ø Botanical gardens began to evolve during the Middle Ages. Ø The first recording of term ,,arborist". Ø Freely planted trees in London. ...
MY ESTONIA I-VOTING Unique solution that helps to engage people in the governance process 2005, Estonia became the first country in the world to hold nation-wide elections using this method This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC During a designate...
Forestry and the Forest Industry in Japan Today I'm going to do a presentation about a book called ,,Forestry and the Forest Industry in Japan", edited by Yoshiya Iwai. --------------------- Participants in private forestry are classified into six categories: forestry households; companies; shrines and temples; joint holdings; various groups and cooperatives; and habitual joint holdings. Except for shrines and temples, these groups manage forests to produce income. In general, these forests are not very large: the average forest area per establishment was 3.7 ha in 1990. Groups operating forests of less than 100 ha control 67% of the total area. Hence forests are not necessarily owned by a few large concerns. Private ownership of forestland was officially permitted after the Meiji restoration of 1868, which marked the end of feudalism. Previously, forestland was legally owned collectively for the use of local comm...
Estonian University of Life Sciences What can be learnt? • A lot of subjects, which are connected of life sciences • Examples: • Veterinary Medicine • Horticulture(aiandus) • Forestry(metsandus) • Environmental Protection(keskkonnakaitse) • Nature tourism What are the requirements to get in? • Estonian exam • Math exam(narrow/wide) • Average mark • Admission exam(vastuvõtueksam) Facilities • Library • Dormitories(ühiselamud) • Sport facilities • Different institutes • Võrtsjärve Learning centre • Animal clinic • Organic centre Fees • Depends: • 1.Free • 2. 650 – 3900 euros per semester • Dormitories 80 – 150 euros a month What work can you do later? • Vet • Gardener • Farmer • Officer(ametnik) • And so on What makes the university special • The Estonian University of Life Sciences is one of top 100 universities in the world in the field of agriculture and forestry What would I like to learn there? • It i...
FOREST
INSECTS
The control of forest insects: general considerations
Participants osalejad Shrine pühamu Joint holding kaasvaldus Habitual harilik Hence seepärast Restoration taastamine Parcel maatükk Assessment uurimine Constitute moodustama Scarcely napilt Salient väljapaistev Agriculture põllumajandus Artificial kunstlik Reforesting taasmetsastamine Seedling võrse Coniferous okas- Timber puit Utilizing kasutades Subsidized riigitoetust saav Afforestation metsastamine Subsidy toetus Affiliated tütar- Prevailing ülekaalus Deteriorate halveneb Labour tööjõud Confront vastu seisma Monetary rahaline Accompanying kaasasolev Silviculture metsakasvatus Revenue tulu Incentive stiimul Entrust usaldama Steep järsk Labour-intensive tööjõumahukas Decline langus Virgin forest põlismets Secondary forest taastunud mets Overstate ülehindama Subsequently järgnevalt Tendency kalduvus Incremental kasvav Pulpwood pabripuit Stumpage puidu langetamise hind Rapidly kiiresti Resemble sarnanema Consistent järjepidev...
Riigi tööleht 3 – metsandus, kalandus, põllumajandus. Märts 2010 Riik:Suurbritannia Nimi: Metsandus 1. Ava järgmine link. http://www.fao.org/forestry/country/57478/en/ . Vali oma riik. Leia vastused järgmistele küsimustele. 1. Kui suure osa riigi pindalast katavad metsad (%)? 2. Millised on valdavad puuliigid?Leidsin esimeselt töölehelt, et peamised puuliigid on tamm, pöök, mänd, kask. 3. Leia 2-3 riigi metsa/metsanduse kohta sobivat fakti/iseärasust/probleemi, mis Sinu arvates on iseloomulikud just Sinu riigile. Puudus info. 2. Lingilt http://www.fao.org/forestry/country/en/ vali oma riik. Avaneb kaart, millelt näed metsade paiknemist riigis. Lehe vasakus servas saad menüüst valida lingi metsatüüpide kohta /forest types . Kopeeri kaart. Analüüsi metsavarade levikut/paiknemist riigis ja põhjenda, miks metsad just nii paiknevad (kasuta ka atlase loodusgeograafili...
Australia Australia is surrounded by the Indian and Pacific oceans, it is separated from Asia by the Arafura and Timor seas. Australia presents an enormous range of climatic conditions, since it covers thirty degrees of latitude. It is mostly temperate, but one third of the continent is tropical, and there are large desert areas. The two largest cities are Sydney and Melbourne. The capital of Australia is Canberra. It is a small city and was built in the early 1900s. History. Two hundred years ago there were no white people in Australia. The only inhabitants were dark-skinned people who were still living in a Stone Age. Their only weapons were stone knives and boomerangs. But their tribes had very well-worked- out customs. A few aborigines still live in the emptier part of the continent. In 1770, the British explorer Captain Cook raised the British flag. Cook found there a pleasan...
Avaldatud Creative Commons litsensi ,,Autorile viitamine+ jagamine samadel tingimustel 3.0 Eesti (CC BY-SA 3.0) alusel vt http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ee Maailma metsatööstus Koostaja: Ülle Liiber Avaldatud Creative Commonsi litsentsi ,,Autorile viitamine + jagamine samadel tingimustel 3.0 Eesti (CC BY-SA 3.0)" alusel, vt http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ee/ Ü. Liiberi foto 2011 - rahvusvaheline metsa-aasta Mida on kujutatud rahvusvahelise metsa-aasta logol? Miks üldse on kuulutatud üks aasta "metsa- aastaks"? http://ecojesuit.com/accelerated-loss-rates-and-a-few-success-stories-2011-is-the-international-year-of-forests/719/ Kui poleks metsa, poleks ka metsatööstust ... · Metsad katavad maismaast 31%, so 4033 mln ha. · 93% metsadest on looduslikud ja 7%...
1. Agriculture - Tractors - Combine harvesters - Agricultural loaders - Agricultural trailers - Agricultural implements (seeders, plows, sprayers etc) 2. Construction - Excavators - Backhoe-Loaders - Loaders - Cranes - Dozers - Road construction - Graders 3. Transportation - Tractor units / trucks - Trailers / Semi trailers - Buses - Transportation other 4. Handling/Lifting - Forklift trucks 5. Forestry - Harvesters - Forwarders 6. Ground care - lawn mowes / sweepers etc.
Regrowth forest -taastuv mets. Mets, mis ise uuesti üles kasvab peale põlenguid või loodus katastroofide toimel langeb. Rotation period rotatsiooni periood. Periood metsa asutamise ja raie vahel. Salinity - soolsus. Soola konsetratsioon mullas ja vees, mida mõõdetakse mg/l kohta. Seedlings seemik(seemnest kasvatatud taim). Noored puud, mida kasutatakse ettevalmistatud maade taasmetsastamiseks. Silviculture metsakasvatus. Kunst ja teadus mis kontrollib puude kasvu, koostist, tervisehoidu ja kvaliteeti. Soil erosion - pinnase erosiooni. Uhutakse ära mulla pealmine viljakas kiht paduvihmade ja üleujutuste mõjul. Sustainable forestry - säästev metsandus. Weed umbrohi. Taimed, mis kasvavad haritud maal inimese tahte vastaselt.
How to produce bioenergy from agricultural resources without harming the environment Jürgen Aosaar Jaak-Albert Metsoja Ahto Oja BOVA cource on biogas from biomass March 3-7 2008 Tartu Deciduous tree species on abandoned agricultural land Current situation • The long term development plan of the Estonian energy industry foresees a reduction in the use of fossil fuels and an increase in the share of biofuels: by the year 2010 renewable energy must account for 5.1% of total energy consumption Current situation (2) • In Estonia we have abandoned arable land about 400 000 ha, part of it is overgrowing naturally, and another part has been afforested • For short-rotation forestry in Estonia, ecologically and economically the most suitable tree is probably grey alder, which is a highly productive and soil improving species Grey alder...
Global warming Global Warming effects on the natural balance of environment Climate significant change day by day What causes it? Greenhouse gases Fuel burning Ozone layer Deforestation traffic clogging up the city streets rapid growth of unplanned industries the use of CFCs in packaging and manufacturing products Detergents Overpopulation Killing animals like birds, big cats, lions, tigers What it causes? Temperature raising Melting polar ice sheets Currents change its circulation e.g. The Gulf Stream El nino Pollution sea-water to swell up. Natural system Animals deaths Sea level rise reduce mankind's ability to grow foods, destroy wildlife. Agriculture, forestry and fishery damaged Is it dangerous is very dangerous for our existence and survival. sun's scorching heat comes to earth in a direct way the earth's surface becomes seriously heated. What should we do to prevent the dangerous effects of GW? We should not cut off tree...
Medical plants in the Republic of Korea 1998 Natural Products Research Institute NIMI Forestry I KUUpÄEV Tartu aasta Achyranthes japonica (Miq.) Nakai Japanese chaff flower · Used parts are roots · Oedema, rheumatism, contraceptive emmenagogue,abortifacient · Height:50-100cm · Thick roots · Sticky seeds Tartu 2012 Aconitum koreanum Korean monk's hood · Rhizomes are used for : Treating chilled legs and arms Articular pain · Height:70 cm · Width: 1-2 cm · Toxic Tartu 2012 Acorus calamus var. angustatus Sweet flag, myrtle flag, calamus · Rhizomes are used for: Stomach ache Gastric diseases Neuralgia Otitis media · Height: 70 cm · It have been widely used Tartu 2012 Agastache rugosa Wrinkled giant hyssop · Its herbs are used for treating: Acute gas...
EESTI MAAÜLIKOOL Metsandus - ja maaehitusinstituut Metsatööstuse osakond Kenno Epler Venemaa metsatööstus Referaat õppeaines ,,Metsatoodete kaubandus ja turundus" Juhendaja lektor Meelis Teder Tartu 2009 SISUKORD 1.Ülevaade Venemaa metsandussektorist............................................................................... 4 2.Ülevaade Venemaa metsatööstusest.....................................................................................6 2.1.Okaspuupuidu saematerjal............................................................................................ 9 2.2.Puiduenergia................................................................................................................13 2.3.Puidupõhised plaadid.........................................................
PREFIX- MEANING- EXAMPLE Ize- make into- sterilize, satirize A, in, on, of, up, to- ablaze, atop Ly- in a specific way- softly, kindly Circum- around- circumference Ity- state, condition, civility, acidity In- in, into, within- inhabit Post- after, following, later- postscript Sub- under, below- submerge Ab- from, off, away- absent Con- with, together- congregate In- not, opposing- insincere Pre- before- prefix Super- over, above, extra- superabundant Ad- to, toward- advance Contra- against, opposing- contradict Inter- among, between- international Pro- foward- proceed Trans- across, over- transfusion Ante- before, previous- antecedent De- down, from- descend Intra, intro- to the inside, within- intramural Re- back, again- rebound Un- not- unhappy Anti- against, opposing- antifreeze Dis- apart, away- disappear Mis- badly, wrong- mistake Semi- half, partly- semicircle Uni- one- u...
EESTI MAAÜLIKOOL Metsandus - ja maaehitusinstituut Metsatööstuse osakond Kenno Epler Leedu metsaseadus Referaat õppeaines ,,Metsapoliitika ja metsanduse ajalugu" Juhendaja lektor Meelis Teder Tartu 2011 SISUKORD Sissejuhatus....................................................................................................................... 3 1. Leedu metsandus........................................................................................................... 4 1.1. Ülevaade................................................................................................................. 4 2. Leedu metsaseadus........................................................................................................ 6 2.1. Ülevaade....................................
Wales English (a.80%) Welsh (a.20%) Offical languages Capital and largest city: Cardiff Goverment: Constitutional monarchy Total area: 20,779 square kilometers Population: 3,006,400 (estimate June 2010) Currency: Pound sterling (GBP) Facts about Wales Pictures about Wales Wales is a generally mountainous country on the western side of central southern Great Britain, between the Irish Sea to the north and the Bristol Channel to the south. It is part of the United Kingdom, and is bordered by England to its east and the Atlantic Ocean, St George's Channel and Irish Sea to its west. It is about 274 km from north to south and at least 97 km wide, with a total area of 20,779 km2. It has over 1,200 km of coastline, and includes offshore islands of which the largest is Anglesey. Wales geography and environment The Economy of Wales. In 2010, according to ONS provisional data, hea...
Keerukärsakas Lisan Tuuling Riik: Loomad Hõimkond: lülijalgsed Alamhõimkond: kuuejalgsed Klass: putukad Selts: mardikalised Sugukond: kärsaklased Sugulased: mitmed aia-, põllu-, metsa- ja laokahjurid Keha põhiosad: Pea Rindmik Tagakeha Iseärasused Pea eesosa on välja veninud pikaks kärsaks Rullib puulehed turvaliseks vastsehälliks Lõike kuju väljaarvutamiseks peaks inimene kasutama kõrgema matemaatika seadusi Silmad esiletungivad Haukamissuised Lahksuguline Täismoone (muna-vastne- nukk-valmik) Vastsed leherullides Vastsed varjatud eluviisiga, ja jalutud Taimtoiduline Toiduks lindudele: nt. ööbik ja punarind Kaks põlvkonda aastas Vastsed nukkuvad hilissuvel Talvituvad mardikana Esinevad kevadel ja sügisel Punane-keerukärsakas http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CN-WjdA6uUo -video Kase-keerukärsakas K...
3. slaid If we destroy some kind of spiece, we cant recreate it. They carrie unique information which cant be restored. Maybe in the future, the technology will get so far that they can recreate some extincted spieces. Here is araucaria mirabilis which was living approximately 160 million years ago If we create some culture on the field or cut down some alder forest and replace it with spruces, will it have interaction to the whole world? It's extremely difficult to answer, because there are so many factors. 4. slaid Renewable resources have became metaphor with meaning that its easy way to produce energy. Its easy to destroy our forests but it changes our ecosystem. They cause blowdowns, erosions and so on. 5.slaid scope of history Forests sometimes need to be updated. We need to take down trees with diseases. But we cant cut down trees which have cultu...
History First people who lived in Canada came by a land bridge from Russia and Greenland. They were the ancestors of nowadays indigenous people of Canada. They just searched better for living places and followed their prey and they didn't even know they were on a different continent. The first explorers were Norse seafarers known as Vikings. As they sailed from Iceland to Greenland in AD 985, they were blown far off their course and they saw the coast what must have been Labrador. The forested areas of Canada's coast encouraged further explorations, because their settlement lacked lumber. They established a colony, what they called Vinland on Newfoundland. It died out during the 14th and 15th centuries. 500 years later Europeans started looking for a waterway to Asia, because travelling with spices over land wasn't very safe anymore. The first explorer was Christopher Kolumbus who reached America's shore in 1492, although he thought it ...
Unit 1. The ways of working. Commute-edasi-tagasi liikuma,pendeldama Employee-töötaja Employer-tööandja Flexible-paindlik Freelance-vabakutseline Intention-kavatsus Mill-vabrik Premises-valduse,territoorium Replace-asendama,välja vahetama Restriction-piirang,kitsendus Shift-vahetus Flexible working hours-paindlik töögraafik Flexitime-paindlik aeg Teleworking-kaugtöö Job share-töökoha jagamine (works in a bank job share) Career break-tööpaus,palgata Long hours culture-ületundide tegemine To keep in contact To go freelance Work shifts Working part-time – osaline tööaeg Have my career –käia tool Cut back-kulusid vähendama Short-term – lühiajaline (almost all on short-term contracts) Come in from school-koju tulema By e-mail,fax,phone Renew her contract for another 3 months Kas sulle meeldiks töötada osalise tööajaga? Would you like to work part-time? Teie lepingut uuendatakse veel 6 kuuks. Your contract will be renewed for another 6 mon...
Kool Nimi Klass UUS-MEREMAA Referaat Juhendaja: Tartu 2014 Sisukord Sissejuhatus Valisin referaadi teemaks Uus-Meremaa uurimise, sest mulle väga meeldib see riik, ja ma tahaks sinna kunagi reisida. Ja just sellepärast tahangi rohkem teada selle riigi kohta. Referaadis on juttu Uus-Meremaa majandusest, arengust, tööstusest ja veel paljust huvitavast. Minu eesmärgiks on uurida Uus-Meremaa arengut, ning riigi sise- ja välisoludest. Teema valdkond on seotud geograafiaga. Uus-Meremaa Riigi geograafiline asend Uus-Meremaa asub Okeaania edelaosas ...
Mets *** *** 26. nov 2012 Mis on mets? Mets on taimekooslus, mis on kujunenud puude koos kasvamisel Eesti mets Keskkonnatingimused metsas Mets kasutab ära palju päikesekiirgust Suurem osa neeldub puude ja põõsaste võradesse Temperatuur on metsa all lagedate aladega võrreldes ühtlasem Ka niiskus jaotub metsas ühtlasemalt Metsas kasvab sadu rohttaimede liike ja elab tuhandeid putukaliike Metsade elukooslusega on seotud rohkesti taime- ja loomaliike Metsarinded Mets jaotub justkui korrusteks, mida kutsutakse metsarinneteks Kõrgeima rinde moodustavad puud- mänd, kuusk jne Puurindest allpool asub põõsarinne- pihlakas, toomingas, sarapuu jne Põõsarindele järgneb puhmarinne, kuhu kuuluvad puitunud varrega taimed- kanarbik, mustikas, pohl jne Veidi madalamal paikneb Kasemets rohurinne- ...
Efficient initiatives to help protect the environment Just like our bodies, the environment functions best when it's in balance. Unfortunately, we're not quite there. Many of us believe that we lead lives that respect nature but our consumption habits give us away. Many little habits that seem to be sustainable are in fact polluting. Along with pollution, issues like depletion of resources, the rise of consumerism, and the "throw away" culture have led to serious issues. That being said, the fight's not over yet. Fortunately, more people than ever are both aware of and active in the protection of the environment. To protect the environment, waste management and recycling are crucial. When we recycle, used materials are converted into new products, reducing the need to consume natural resources. If used materials are not recycled, new products are made by extracting fresh, raw material from the Earth, through mining and forestry. R...
Picure0 Fauna Picture1 Contents · Facts · Mammals · Imphibians · Birds · Summary · My opinion · Fish · References · Insects · Reptiles · Danger Facts · Animals living mostly in forests · Birds first animals in Estonia · 135,600 species of incents · 350 species of verebrates Mammals · 65 different species of mammals · No endemic species Picture2 · Tremendous amount Picture3 · Specific mammals in Estonia · Importance Picture4 Picture5 Imphibians · Most common: grassfrog · Good conditions · Benefit · Nature protection Picture6 Birds Picture7 · 329 different species · Barn swallow · 100 species under nature protection Picture8 · Breeding sites Fish ...
Horvaatia põllumajanduse iseloomustus 1. Horvaatia asub Kesk-Euroopas, Balkoni poolsaarel. Aadria mererannikul asub Horvaatia, mis on Euroopa ilusamaid ja looduskaunimaid riike. Ta asub Kesk-Euroopa ajast ühe tunni ees ning Eesti ajast ühe tunni taga. Naaberriigid põhja poolt on Sloveenia, Ungari, ida ja lõuna poolt on Bosnia & Hertsegoviina, Serbia, Montenegro, lääne poolt on Aadria meri. Horvaatia põhijõed on Drava ja Sava, mis voolavad kokku Danube jões. Horvaatia pealinn Zagreb asub enda põhiosaga 45 ja 49 põhjalaiuskraadi vahel ja 15 kuni 59 idalaiuskraadil. Kõige haritavamad põllukultuuri liigid on nisu, mais ja riis.Püsikultuuridest on kõige haritavamad sitrus, lateks ja kohvi. Horvaatias on põllumajanduslikult haritavat maad 25,82% ning püsikultuure 2.19%. Niisutatavat maad on 2008 aasta seisuga 310 km2. http://wiki.gomaailm.ee/wiki/horvaatia/ https://www.cia.gov/libra...
EESTI MAAÜLIKOOL Metsandus- ja maaehitusinstituut Kristjan Saks HARILIKU MÄNNI PUIDU OMADUSED THE PROPERTIES OF SCOTS PINE WOOD Referaat Metsanduse õppekava Juhendaja: Elmar Kask Tartu 2016 SISSEJUHATUS Kirjutasin referaadi teemal „Hariliku männi puidu omadused“. Mänd on Eesti kõige tavalisem puuliik. Teda võib kohata kõikjal, ka seal, kus enamik teisi puid kasvada ei suuda. Äärmuslikes tingimustes suudab mänd kasvada seepärast, et tema juurestik võib ulatuda nii hästi sügavale maa sisse kui ka laiuti tüvest väga kaugele. Minu töö eesmärk on võrrelda hariliku männi puidu omadusi. PUIDU OMADUSED JA KASUTAMINE Harilik mänd (Pinus sylvestris L.) suudab leppida erinevate ökoloogiliste tingimustega, kasvades erinevates kliimavööndites nii huumusrikastel kui ka toitainetevaestel muldadel. Pui...
Ühiskonnageograafia gümnaasiumis ARVUTITUND Kuidas hinnata metsatööstuse arengutaset? Taustinfo Igal aastal väheneb maailma metsade pindala, kuid samas kasvab pidevalt nõudlus puidu, puidutoodete ja paberi järele. Paljudes riikides laastatakse metsi röövraiega, järskudelt nõlvadelt raiutud metsade asemele kujunevad sageli erosioonist puretud jäätmaad. Palkide eksport toob kasumit küll metsaärimeestele, kuid jätab riigi ilma palju suuremast tulust, mida saaks puidu väärindamisega oma riigis. Selleks, et metsa kui olulist taastuvat loodusvara pidevalt kasutada, tuleb seda mõistlikult majandada ning raiutud puit parimal viisil ja täielikult ära kasutada. Metsaraie tagajärjel tekkinud uhtorud Madagaskaril. Vastake küsimustele ...
Estonian Economy Estonians earn about half of the average European income, despite the fact that the economic growth during the recent years has been very fast and the differences have been diminishing. Although the extremely vigorous period of economic reforms is now over, the changes that Estonia is presently going through are far more extensive than those in the developed countries. The Estonian economy is diverse industry and transport, as well as commerce and different branches of services are all equally important. Due to the available natural resources Estonian economy largely relies on the branches related to the forest; Estonian energy sector is based on oil shale, a resource quite rare elsewhere in the world. Finland and Sweden are the most important trade partners. The Estonian economy profits significantly from the business generated by more than 2 million tourists a year, most of who...
The Estonian Green Party Green Party History The Estonian Green Party is a political party and follower of the political activity of Estonian Green Movement (EGM), which was formed in 1988 during a massive movement against the Soviet Union's plans to start exploitation of huge phosphorite deposits on NorthEastern part of Estonia EGM was one of the first independent political popular movement in Estonia under Soviet rule. The party Estonian Greens (EG) was formally registered in March 1992 (precessor EGM was registered as party on 20.09.1989) after merger of EGM political wing and EGP. It had approximately 250 members and 3 regional branches. In the 1992 general elections, the Greens were only able to scrape 2.6% of the vote and one deputy to the 101strong Riigikogu (Parliament). Estonian Greens Today After joining the EU (European Union) on May 2004 along the election...
EESTI MAAÜLIKOOL Metsandus- ja maaehitusinstituut Metsakasvatuse osakond Metsahäiringud Referaat õppeaines Metsakasvatuse erikursus Juhendaja Hardi Tullus Tartu 2015 Sisukord Sissejuhatus..........................................................................................3 1Metsahäiring.......................................................................................4 2Abiootilised metsahäiringud...............................................................5 2.1Tuli............................................................................................................................5 2.2Tuul...........................................................................................................................6 3Biootilised metsahäiringud.................................................................8 3.1Ulukikahjustused...............
Mongoolia energiamajnduse iseloomustus Energiavarade iseloomustus Mongoolia kõige enam levinud ja ühtlasi kõige olulisem energiavara on kivisüsi, millel riigi majandus suuresti ka põhineb. Suured söemaardlad (joonis 1) asuvad riigi põhja- ja keskosas: pealinna Ulaanbaatari lähistel ja Darhani linna ümbruses, samuti ka täiesti lääneservas. Nüüdseks on avastud ja kasutusele võetud teisigi kivisöe leiukohti Mongoolia lõunapiiri läheduses- Gobi kõrbes. Mongoolias leidub mingil määral ka naftat, kuid see pole majanduslikult nii tähtis kui süsi. Naftat kaevandatakse riigi idaosas ja Gobi kõrbes. Traditsiooniliselt kasutatakse seal kivisüsi, nafta leiukohad on suhteliselt hiljuti avastatud ning seetõttu on see Mongoolia jaoks uus energiatootmise valdkond. Kivisüsi tootmiselt on riik maailmas 22. kohal, nafta tootmiselt on Mongoolia 89. riik maailmas. Mongoolia majandus on kivisöepõhine. Selle tootmise eesmärk on peamiselt oma rahva ja tööstuse...
Canada Geography The geography of Canada is vast and diverse. Occupying most of the northern portion of North America, Canada is the world's second largest country in total area. The highest point in Canada is Mount Logan 6,050 m, which is in the Yukon. The two principal river systems are the Mackenzie and the St. Lawrence. The St. Lawrence, with its tributaries, is navigable for over 3,058 km. The largest lake situated entirely in Canada is Great Bear Lake at 31,328 km2 in the Northwest Territories. The largest lake which is at least partly in Canadian territory is Lake Superior Climate Canada's climate is as diverse as its landscape. Generally, Canadians enjoy four very distinct seasons, particularly in the more populated regions along the US border. Daytime summer temperatures can rise to 35°C and higher, while lows of -25°C are not uncommon in winter. More moderat...
International Economic organisations were established to increase globalisation and international co-operation. 1. Economic unions- organisations dealing with international trade and also finance. For example European Union,World Trade Organisation. 2. Cartels-a formal agreement of some kind of raw materials. ASEAN-Association of Southeast-Asia Nations. It was established in 1967-Its aim is to make favorable conditions for membership countries. The members are Brunei,Philippines,Indonesia,Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Malaisia and Singapore. NAFTA-North American Free Trade Agreement.It was established in 1989 by Canada, USA, and Mexico. They have remained totally independent.All countries may join with this organisation.It is one of the world's biggest economic organisations. MERCOSUR-The South common market.Regional Trade Agreement among Uruguay,Paraguay,Brazil and Argentina.It was founded in 1991. Boliv...
SLAID 1 I am going to talk about wooden pallets. After I am finished I will answer any question you might have about my presentation. SLAID 2 Lets start with history. Wooden pallets date back to 1000 B.C. Egiptians used sheets of wood for transport and storage. These wooden sheets are called skids or sleads. They are still in use but their shape and durability has changed a lot. It was the during the early 1920’s, shortly after the modern forklift was invented, when skids evolved into pallets, revolutionizing the way merchandise was stored and transported. The new design of pallets allowed goods to be moved, stored and stacked with extraordinary speed and versatility. During the WWII the allied countries established a standard size pallet to ease shipment and transportation. This agreement skyrocketed the production and popularity of wooden pallets during the war After the war variety of sizes and designs were produced and used. The tra...
METSAMAJANDUS METSATÖÖSTUS METSAVARUD · Metsavarusid iseloomustab metsamaa pindala, metsasus ja puiduvaru · Metsasus metsamaa pindala osatähtsus (%des) mingi piirkonnas üldpindalas Metsad katavad maakera pinnast 9,4 % (ainult maismaad arvestades 30 % ehk 3,9 mld ha). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations ÜRO Toidu- ja Põllumajandusorganisatsiooni (FAO) järgi on mets: maa-ala, mis on suurem kui 0,5 hektarit ning kus kasvavad üle 5 meetri kõrgused puud ning puuvõra katab üle 10% sellest maa-alast. Metsaks ei loeta valdavalt põllumajandusliku/aiandusliku või linnalise maakasutusega alasid (näiteks aiandeid ja parke). www.fao.org/forestry/en/ Riikide metsasus Metsa suhe rahvaarvu Suurema metsamaa pindalaga riigid maailmas (mln ha) 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 ...
Itaalia Vabariik Referaat Erik Salm Paide Ühisgümnaasium 2007 Itaalia Vabariik ISO 2-täheline kood: IT ISO 3-täheline kood: ITA Lipp: Vapp: Kaart: Geograafiline asend Itaalia Vabariik on riik Lõuna-Euroopas. Itaalia asub 800 km Vahemerre ulatuval saapakujulisel Apenniini poolsaarel. Põhjapoolne piirkond on mägine. Loodusliku piiri moodustavad Alpid. Maastik on suurte mägede ja sügavate orgude rohke. Itaaliale kuuluvad kaks Vahemere suurimat saart Sitsiilia ja Sardiinia - ning hulk väiksemaid saari. Põhjas on Itaalial maismaapiir Austria (430 km), Prantsusmaa (488 km), Sloveenia (232 km) ja Sveitsiga (740 km). Rannajoone pikkus on 7600 km. Enklaavina asuvad Itaalia territooriumil iseseisvad San Marino ja Vatikani riigid. Satelliitfoto Itaaliast Faktid: Pealinn: ...
Eesti Maaülikool Põllumajandus- ja keskkonnainstituut GIS kasutamine metsanduses või muude loodus- ja maavarade haldamisel Referaat Koostaja: Ketlin Bergmann Juhendaja: Anne Kull Tartu 2017 Sisukord Sissejuhatus 3 1. GIS kasutamine metsanduses 4 1.1 Metsaressursi hindamine 4 1.2 Metsa majandamine 5 2. GIS kasutamine loodusvarade majandamisel 7 3. GIS kasutamine maavarade haldamisel 8 Kokkuvõte 9 Kasutatud kirjandus 10 Sissejuhatus 2 GIS kasutusala on laienenud pea kõikidesse valdkondadesse tehnoloogia-, loodus- ja sotsiaalteadustesse, pakkudes ajakohast, tõhusat ning reprodutseerivat meetodit ruumiliste andmete kogumiseks,...
Traditions Australia doesn't have many traditions. Attempts to get Halloween off the ground have stalled due to one too many homeowners telling little kids to get off their property or they will see a scary sight. Australia celebrates many of the same holidays as do people of the Western world, such as Easter and Christmas. However, Australians also celebrate some holidays unique to their country and culture. Australia Day Australia Day, 26 January, is the anniversary of the arrival of the First Fleet of 11 convict ships from Great Britain, and the raising of the Union Jack at Sydney Cove by its commander Captain Arthur Phillip, in 1788. On Australia Day, over half of the nation's population of 21 million attend either an organised community event, or get together with family and friends with the intention of celebrating our national day. It is celebrated with parties, picnics, and f...
S C O T L A N D GENERAL OVERVIEW Territory: 31, 510 sq miles Highest peak: Ben Nevis 1343m Population: 5, 055, 000 National emblem: the thistle Capital: Edinburgh National flower: the bluebell Islands: About 790 National instrument: bagpipes Lakes: the best- known is Loch Ness, famous for National dish: haggis Nessie, its mythical monster Scotland is also famous for: whisky, kilts and sheep · One of the four constituent nations which form the UK · They have their own money, system of law, history, stamps, deep- rooted customs, traditions and ancient language- Gaelic · Most people speak the Scottish dialect becoming endangered language · Weather unpredictable · Breat...
Rare animals Rare Chinese tiger seen in the wild Researchers have confirmed that a wild tiger, photographed by a farmer in the Qinba Mountains of Shaanxi Province, Central China, is indeed that of the critically endangered South China tiger. The South China tiger classified as one of only five subspecies of tiger still alive today is extremely rare, with only an estimated 20 to 30 still remaining in the wild. The wildlife and conservation group WWF says the South China tiger is actually native to the Hainan most forests of south-east China, and because there are so few individuals left, it is regarded by many scientists as being "functionally extinct" in the wild. But a group called Save China's Tigers has been working on a captive- breeding programme and hopes to reach an agreement with China's State Forestry Administration to reintroduce captive-bred animals into the wild. If all goes...
Different types of forests and their forms of usage TARTU 2010 Forest A forest (also called a wood, woodland, wold, weald, holt, frith) is an area with a high density of trees. Forests cover approximately 30% of land and 9.4% of all the planet earth. They are also responsible for regulating our planet's climate and act as large purifiers of airs, by absorbing carbon dioxide, and giving out oxygen. Different types of forests Forests are divided into following main types: o Tropical forest o Subtropical forest o Plantations o Boreal forest o Temperate forest o Seasonal or monsoon forest Tropical and Subtropical Forests Tropical and subtropical forests, also known as rainforests or tropical rainforests, are lavish and ample forests with broad leave tree. They are mostly found at lowlands near the equator - Asia, Africa, South & Central Am...
Eesti Maaülikool Metsandus- ja maaehitusinstituut Metsatööstuse osakond Mis on FLEGT? Iseseisev töö Tartu 2 Sisukord 1. Sisukord.................................................................................................................1 2. Sissejuhatus...........................................................................................................2 3. FLEGT ja selle areng............................................................................................ 4 4. Kasutamine ja põhjused.........................................................................................8 5. Eestis ja Soomes....................................................................................................8 6. Maailmas............................................................................................................. 12 7. Mõju................................................
SISUKORD SISSEJUHATUS..........................................................................................................................2 1.METSANDUS..........................................................................................................................3 1.1Metsandus ja GIS................................................................................................................3 1.2 Kaugseire metsanduses......................................................................................................3 2.MAAVARAD............................................................................................................................5 2.1 Uurimine ja planeerimine..................................................................................................5 2.2 Kaevandamine......................................................................................................................
today is the 6th of November. rakvere vocational school my speciality is a cook monday tuesday wendsday thursday friday saturday sunday my birthday is on the 27th dec my address is i was born in 1996 country city town parish cummune municipal village flat avenue street road kindergarten(nursery) to decide vocational school profession education speciality construction of cars to establish restuarant to continue to mend to repair 1.In the future 2.i have to stay in my new school do practical work 3.i entered vocational school. 4.at the age of seven 5.i was born in 23.10.1984 6.during my session 7.for almost four years 8.i want to be weiter 1. i was born in 3 nev 1984 2.i went to school at the age of seven 3.i have to studie almost four years 4.in september i went to vocational school 5.im interested in cars 6.in school we do practical work too 7.in the future im going to keep the family resourant school final cer...
HISPAANIA Hispaania on riik edela Euroopas, Pürenee poolsaarel. Hispaania on võrdlemisi mägine maa. Rohkem mägised on kirde , põhja, kesk ning lõuna alad. Hispaania keskosa hõlmab kuiv kiltmaa. Laiguti on poolkõrbe. Hispaania lõunaosal on palju ühist Põhja- Aafrikaga. Metsarohke põhja- ja looderannik sarnaneb rohkem Kesk- Euroopaga. Põhja ja loode osas on parasvöötmele iseloomulikud metsapruun- ja leetpruunmullad. Ülejäänud maad iseloomustavad kõvalehise metsa ja võsa rusk- pruunmullad ja hall pruunmullad. Pruunmuldade omapäraks on võrdlemisi paks huumushorisont, mis tagab pruunmuldade suure viljakuse. Maa on osa kohtades väga kuiv, mille tõttu niisutatakse maad. Põllumajandustootjad võtavad suurtes kogustes vett nõudvad niisutusmeetodid kasutusele tootlikkuse võimaliku suurendamise otstarbel. Hispaanias saadakse näiteks rohkem kui 60% põllumajandustoodete koguväärtusest sellelt 14%-lt põllumajandus...
HOLLAND Andra Toom 11B Rakvere Gümnaasium Sisukord 1) Asukoht 2) Põllumajandus 3) Metsandus 4) Kalandus 5) Rahvastik 6) Majandus 7) Linnastumine 8) Energiamajandus 9) Kasutatud kirjandus Asukoht • Holland ehk Madalmaad on maa Lääne-Euroopas. • See piirneb idast Saksamaaga ja lõunast Belgiaga ning läänest Põhjamerega. • Peamiselt 51. ja 54. põhjalaiuse vahel. Põllumajandus • Põllumajandusega tegelemist mõjutavad oluliselt kliima, pinnamood, mullad jt loodusolud. • Holland on kõrge arengutasemega kapitalistlik tööstus- põllumajsnduslik-maa. • Põllumajanduslikust maast, mis hõlmab rohkem kui 65% kogu Hollandi pindalast, on 34% põllumaad, 60% heina- ja karjamaad ja 6% aedu ja lilleistandikke Kliima Valitseb parassoe mereline kliima Keskmine temperatuur jaanuaris on 2-3 oC ja juulis 18- 19 oC Kõrgeim õhutemperatuur on olnu...
Sisukord Üldinfo........................................................................................................................................2 Majandus.................................................................................................................................2 Loodus.....................................................................................................................................3 Brasiilia metsainfo......................................................................................................................5 Metsast saadav tulu.....................................................................................................................8 Brasiilia metsaseadusest ja poliitikast.........................................................................................9 Brasiilia metsanduse-õigusaktiga seonduvate muudatuste ja täienduste kronoloogia............9 Vihma...
annaabi.ee 
Sisene Facebook'ga
Sisene Google'ga
Sisene LinkedIn'ga
