Environmental problems Nimi Klass Biodiversity The variety of life on Earth, its biological diversity, is commonly referred to as biodiversity. The number of species of plants, animals, and microorganisms, the enormous diversity of genes in these species, the different ecosystems on the planet, such as deserts, rainforests and coral reefs are all part of a biologically diverse Earth. Appropriate conservation and sustainable development strategies attempt to recognize this as being integral to any approach. In some way or form, almost all cultures have recognized the importance of nature and its biological diversity for their societies and have therefore understood the need to maintain it. Yet, power, greed and politics have affected the precarious balance. Why Is Biodiversity Important? Who Cares? · Why is Biodiversity important? Does it really matter if there aren't so...
Individuaalne töö nr 2 2.1 Otsing andmebaasidest Compendex Engineering Village platvormil. 2.1.1 Leia kompleksotsinguga Quick Search artikleid teemal Thermal Treatment of physical properties of polyethylene. a) ,,All Field" leidsin 158 kirjet b) ,,Ei controlled terms" leidsin 1 kirje 2.1.2 Leia Tehnikaülikooli teaduri Malle Krunksi Artikleid andmebaasis Compendex. a) Leidsin 55 artiklit 2.2 Otsing andmebaasist ProQuest Science Journal 2.2.1 Leia Jim Browni artikkel Tools of jobs a) Jim Brown juhatab Tech-Clarity Inc. In Media, Pa. b) Kasutasin Basic Search otsingut, kuhu sisestasin artikli nime. Leidsin ühe artikli, kus avades oli Abstract (referaat) ja Full text (täistekst). Täisteksti alt leidsin infot autori kohta. 2.2.2 Ava andmebaasi ProQuest tesaurus: Advanced Search/Thesaurus a) Laiemad märksõnad: aquatic ecosystems (vee ökosüsteemid), ecosystems (ökosüsteemid), freshwater ecosystems (ma...
1.1 Moodusta otsiprofiil kasutades a) otsivälju "All Fields". Mitu kirjet leidsid? 164 b) otsivälju "Ei controlled terms" Mitu kirjet leidsid? 1 1.2 a) mitu artiklit leidsid? 54 2.1 a) Ava artikli täistekst ja leia, millist firmat Jim Brown juhatab. Jim Brown juhatab firmat nimega Tech-Clarity Inc. in Media, Pa b) Kirjelda otsistrateegiat: Avasin lehe, kirjutasin otsingusse Tools for all jobs, avasin esimese artikli, otsisin tekstist kirjeid autori kohta kasutades ctrl+F otsifunktsiooni. 2.2. Ava andmebaasi ProQuest tesaurus: Advanced Search/Thesaurus. a) esita kitsamad ja laiemad märksõnad, mida võib kasutada ökosüsteemide (ecosystems) kohta kirjanduse leidmisel. - laiemad (broader) märksõnad: Environment - kitsamad (narrower) märksõnad: Aquatic ecosystems, arid zones, coastal plains, coral reefs, deserts, forests, grasslands, oceans, prairies, rainforests, taiga & tundra, terrestrial ecosystems, wetlands b) vali k...
2.1 Thermal treatment of physical properties of polyethylene Märksõnad: polyethylene, thermal treatment, physical properties Otsiprofiilid: polyethylene AND thermal treatment polyethylene AND physical properties polyethylene AND properties polyethylene AND treatment polyethylene AND thermal AND treatment polyethylene AND physical AND properties 2.1.1 a) polyethylene AND thermal AND treatment: 1441 artiklit polyethylene AND physical AND properties: 7410 artiklit b) polyethylene AND thermal AND treatment: 143 artiklit kasutades Ei controlled terms Polyethylene AND physical AND properties: 866 artiklit kasutades Ei controlled terms 2.1.2 Malle Krunksile leidsin 60 artiklit 2.2 2.2.1 http://search.proquest.com/docview/230171400/13CC363D7D13127162A/1? accountid=28786 a) Jim Brown heads a management consulting firm, Tech-Clarity Inc. in Media, Pa. he also serves as the product lifecycle management specialist for the PLM Evalua...
Ülesanne 2 Infootsing raamatukogu andmebaasidest 2.1. Otsing andmebaasist Compendex Engineering Village platvormil 2.1.1.Leia kompleksotsinguga Quick Search artikleid teemal Thermal treatment of physical properties of polyethylene a) otsivälju "All Fields" - leidsin 176 kirjet b) otsivälju "Ei controlled terms"- leidsin 4 kirjet 2.1.2. Leia Tehnikaülikooli teaduri Malle Krunksi artiklid andmebaasis Compendex a) mitu artiklit leidsid? Leidsin 59 artiklit 2.2. Otsing andmebaasist ProQuest Science Journals 2.2.1.Leia Jim Browni artikkel Tools for all jobs. a) Ava artikli täistekst ja leia, millist firmat Jim Brown juhatab - Tech-Clarity Inc b) Kirjelda otsistrateegiat: otsiprofiil: au(Jim Browni) AND (Tools for all jobs) 2.2.2. Ava andmebaasi ProQuest tesaurus: Advanced Search/Thesaurus a) esita kitsamad ja laiemad märksõnad, mida võib kasutada ökosüsteemide (ecosystems) kohta kirjanduse leidmisel. - laiemad (broader) märksõnad: env...
Iseseisev töö nr. 3 1. Otsing andmebaasist ProQuest Science Journals. b) ("tools for all jobs") AND (jim brown OR brown jim) c) Jim Brown heads a management consulting firm, Tech-Clarity Inc. in Media, Pa. He also serves as the product lifecycle management specialist for the PLM Evaluation Center at Technology Evaluation Centers in Montreal. d) Laiemad märksõnad: environment Kitsamad märksõnad: aquatic ecosystems oceans arid zones peatlands coastal plains prairies coral reefs rainforests deserts taiga & tundra forests terrestrial ecosystems grasslands wetlands f) 202 tk SU.EX...
Infootsing raamatukogu andmebaasidest 2.1. Otsing andmebaasist Compendex Engineering Village platvormil. 2.1.1. a) Thermal treatment and physical properties and polyethylene b) ((((thermal treatment) WN All fields) AND ((physical properties) WN All fields)) AND ((polyethylene) WN All fields)) c) 200 artiklit d) Thermal treatment and physical properties and polyethylene e) (((((thermal treatment) WN CV) ) AND ((physical properties) WN CV) ) AND ((polyethylene) WN CV) ) f) 4 artiklit 2.1.2 a) 69 artiklit 2.2. Otsing andmebaasist ProQuest Science Journals. 2.2.1 a) Jim Brown heads a management consulting firm, Tech-Clarity Inc. in Media, Pa. b) Valisin advanced search. Sealt sisestasin otsiprofiili "Tools for all jobs" in Document title. Tegin linnukese full texti ette, autoriks kirjutasin "Jim Brown". Dokumendi tüübiks valisin Article. 2.2.2 a) · laiemad märksõnad: environment · kitsamad märksõnad: aquatic...
Ülesanne 2 Infootsing raamatukogu andmebaasidest 2.1. Otsing andmebaasist Compendex Engineering Village platvormil. 2.1.1 b) ((Thermal treatment of physical properties of polyethylene.) WN All fields) c) 189 artiklit e) (((((thermal treatment) WN CV) ) AND ((physical properties) WN CV) ) AND ((polyethylene) WN CV) ) f) 4 artiklit 2.2. Otsing andmebaasist ProQuest Science Journals. 2.1.2 a) 68 articles found in Compendex for 1969-2014: ((({KRUNKS MALLE}) WN AU) OR (({KRUNKS M.}) WN AU)) 2.2.1 a) Jim Brown heads a management consulting firm, Tech-Clarity Inc. in Media, Pa. b) Otsistrateegia : Kõige pealt kirjutasin otsingulahtrisse Tools for all jobs seejärel panin Advanced Search ja sealt kirjutasin teise otsingukasti Jim Brown ja panin in Autors- AU , kahe otsingufraasi vahel oli AND 2.2.2 a) o laiemad märksõnad: environment o kitsamad märksõnad: aquatic ec...
2. HARJUTUSÜLESANNE 2.1. Otsing andmebaasist Compendex Engineering Village platvormil. Avalehel vali andmebaas Compendex - jäta linnuke kastikesse Compendex , teiste andmebaaside eest võta linnuke ära ja vaata, kuidas muutuvad otsiväljad otsivormingu paremas aknas. Tutvu andmebaasi ülesehituse ja otsivõimalustega: lihtotsing: Easy Search; kompleksotsing: Quick Search; tesaurus, indeksid:Thesaurus, Browse Indexes. Kui sisenesin andmebaasi, oli linnuke ees lisaks Compendex'ile Referex'il. Sellel juhul sai otsiprofiiliks olla ainult märksõnad (keyword), täpsustada sai ka autorit (author), pealkirja (title) ja publitseerijat (publisher). Samuti puudus võimalus täpsustada dokumenditüüpi (type of document), keelt (language) ja käsitluse tüüpi (type of treatment). Kui võtsin Referex'ilt linnukese eest, avanes otsiprofiilide sisestamiseks järgmine vaatepilt: Täpsustuse koha pealt selline vaatepilt: 2...
OVERFISHING Presented by: Siiri Paurson Tartu 2015 INTRODUCTION What is overfishing? What is causing overfishing? Why is overfishing a problem? Fishing down the food web (toitumisahela võrgustik) What can we do to help? WHAT IS OVERFISHING? Catching too much fish for the system to support leads to an overall degradation to the system. Overfishing is a non-sustainable use of the oceans. WHAT IS CAUSING OVERFISHING? Worldwide, fishing fleets are at least two to three times as large as needed to take present day catches of fish and other marine species. On a global scale we have enough fishing capacity to cover at least four Earth like planets. Overfishing have a large impact on the basic functioning of our marine ecosystems. These unselective fishing practices and gear cause treme...
Acid rains Stefani Nimtsuk What is acid rain? Rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic It can have harmful effects on plants, aquatic animals, and infrastructure through the process of wet deposition Acid rain is caused by emissions of compounds of ammonium, carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids History Since the Industrial Revolution, emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides to the atmosphere have increased In 1852, Robert Angus Smith was the first to show the relationship between acid rain and atmospheric pollution in Manchester, England Though acidic rain was discovered in 1852, it was not until the late 1960s that scientists began widely observing and studying the phenomenon The term "acid rain" was generated in 1972 Canadian Harold Harvey was among the first to research a "dead" lake Public awareness of acid rain in the U.S in...
Acid rain is rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic. It can have harmful effects on plants, aquatic animals, and infrastructure through the process of wet deposition. Acid rain is caused by emissions of compounds of ammonium, carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids. Governments have made efforts since the 1970s to reduce the production of sulfuric oxides into the Earth's atmosphere with positive results Since the Industrial Revolution, emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides to the atmosphere have increased.[2][3] In 1852, Robert Angus Smith was the first to show the relationship between acid rain and atmospheric pollution in Manchester, England.[4] Though acidic rain was discovered in 1852, it was not until the late 1960s that scientists began widely observing and studying the phenomenon. The term "acid rain" was generated in 1972. [5] Canadi...
Air pollution Every day, the average person inhales about 20,000 liters of air. Every time we breathe, we risk inhaling dangerous chemicals that have found their way into the air. Air pollution includes all contaminants found in the atmosphere. These dangerous substances can be either in the form of gases or particles. Air pollution can be found both outdoors and indoors. Pollutants can be trapped inside buildings, causing indoor pollution that lasts for a long time. The sources of air pollution are both natural and human-based. As one might expect, humans have been producing increasing amounts of pollution as time has progressed, and they now account for the majority of pollutants released into the air. Air pollution has been a problem throughout history. Even in Ancient Romepeople complained about smoke put into the atmosphere. The effects of air pollution are diverse and numerous. Air...
TARTU VEERIKU KOOL New Guinea animals and plants Koostaja: Tauri-Viljar Vahesaar Juhendaja: Priit Pensa Tartu 2009 Table of content Introduction................................................................................................................................................3 The forests of New Guinea .......................................................................................................................5 The problem with trading wildlife.....................................................................................................6 Animals of the lowlands....................................................................................................................8 Reptiles.......................................................
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE RAINFOREST The beauty, majesty, and timelessness of a primary rainforest are indescribable. It is impossible to capture on film, to describe in words, or to explain to those who have never had the awe-inspiring experience of standing in the heart of a primary rainforest. Rainforests have evolved over millions of years to turn into the incredibly complex environments they are today. Rainforests represent a store of living and breathing renewable natural resources that for eons, by virtue of their richness in both animal and plant species, have contributed a wealth of resources for the survival and well-being of humankind. These resources have included basic food supplies, clothing, shelter, fuel, spices, industrial raw materials, and medicine for all those who have lived in the majesty of the forest. However, the inner dynamics of a tropical rainforest is an intricate and fragile system. Everything is so i...
Good afternoon. My name is Siiri Paurson. And I will be speaking today about OVERFISHING. I will be speaking for about 10 minutes. I’ll be pleased to answer any questions you may have at the end of the presentation. INTRODUCTION: What is overfishing? What is causing overfishing? Why is overfishing a problem? Fishing down the food web. What can we do to help? WHAT IS OVERFISHING?: Overfishing can be defined in a number of ways. However, everything comes down to one simple point: Catching too much fish for the system to support leads to an overall degradation (degrödašon) to the system. Overfishing is a non-sustainable use of the oceans. WHAT IS CAUSING OVERFISHING?: Worldwide, fishing fleets are two to three times as large as needed to take present day catches of fish and other marine species (spiišis) and as what our oceans can sustainably support. On a global scale we have enough fishing capacity (cäpaseti) to cover at least four Earth...
Cyclonic Storms What is it? air rotates at high speed around a centre (The Eye) causes high winds Types hurricane typhoon severe tropical cyclone severe cyclonic storm tropical cyclone Typhoon Why is it different? heavy rains, winds(119 km/h) late summer form over warm seas,27 Inside: strong winds around the eye The strongest winds inside the eyewall Why do they happen? warm air collides with cold air spin in a counter clockwise direction result a storm surge,strong winds Steps of a typhoon windy, rainy (several hours) the eye brings calm weather damage to marine, shoreline, inland ecosystems weaknens, needs warm water The biggest `Tip' Oct 4th, 1979 Highest 260 km/h Damage 99 fatalities ...
Sustainable forest management Author: nimi Book by: Klaus von Gadow, Timo Pukkala, Margarida Tomé Sustainable forest management Topics · Scope of sustainability · Scope of development · A new perspective at sustainability Scope of sustainability · If we extinct some biological species, we can't recreate it. · If we substitute some spicies, what will be the consequenses. Author: Xvazquez Scope of sustainability · Renewable resources Source: Thegreatergreen (2011) Scope of history · Trees carry information from centuries. By: Jaymi Heimbuch Scope of developmement · GMO genetically modified organism Author: John Gress A new perspective at sustainability · We have found law-like behaviours in ecosystems From: www.galapagosholidays....
2. November Form: 10e Kaspar Oll United States of America The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states. At 3.79 million square miles and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area and the third largest by both land area and population. The president of USA is Barack Obama and the vice president is Joe Biden. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy. America was first discovered in 1492 by Christopher Columbus. Probably the most important thing in U.S history is the Declaration of Independence in the year 1776. U.S territory was occupied first by the Native Americ...
Environment al art Marika Rodionova 11a What is that? The term "environmental art" often encompasses "ecological" concerns but is not specific to them. It primarily celebrates an artist's connection with nature using natural materials. The concept is best understood in relationship to historic earth/Land art and the evolving field of ecological art. The field is interdisciplinary in the fact that environmental artists embrace ideas from science and philosophy. The types Ephemeral - made to disappear or transform Designed for a particular place - and can't be moved Involves collaborations between artists and others, such as scientists, educators or community groups What is the point? Informs and interprets nature and its processes, or educates us about environmental problems Is concerned with environmental forces and materia...
1. Ökoloogiateaduse uurimisobjektid Ecology (from Greek: , "house"; -, "study of") is the scientificstudy of the relation of living organisms to each other and their surroundings.[1] Ecology includes the study of plant and animalpopulations, plant and animal communities and ecosystems. Ecologists study a range of living phenomena from the role of bacteria in nutrient recycling to the effects of tropical rain forest on the Earth's atmosphere. Autökoloogia on ökoloogia haru, mis tegeleb organismide keskkonnanõudluste ja keskkonna- suhete uurimise ja kirjeldamisega. Demökoloogia ehk populatsiooniökoloogia (Schwerdtfeger 1963: 1314) on ökoloogia haru, mis uurib organismide populatsioone ja nende keskkonnaoludest johtuvat dünaamikat. Sünökoloogia on ökoloogia haru, mis tegeleb liikidevaheliste suhetega ökosüsteemides, organismide mitmeliigiliste koosluste (ehk biotsönooside) ...
Süsteemiteooria Alla Pikkas Süsteem Seotud objektid – ühine eesmärk Hästi korraldatud info liikumine Süsteemi komponendid on element, sidemed, funktsioonid ja piirid Süsteemne lähenemine • Terviklikkus • Sihikindlus • Üldistatud vaade • Otsuste mõju Süsteemide tüübid Avatud süsteem Keskkon d Süsteem Protse Väljun Sisend ss d Keskkond Süsteemi omadused • Struktuur • Käitumine • Vastastikune seotus • Omab funktsioone või funktsioonide komplekse Võrgustiku teooria Marleen Reemann “A network theory of power” Manuel Castells, 2011 NetworkingPower Network Power Networked Power Network-making Power Operatsioonisüsteemid Ükski ökosüsteem ei ole “saar” Klienti ei huvita, kes on tema appi looja APP=TEENUS ARGUMENDID Koostöö võrgustikes võimendab innovatsi...
Erinevate soode tüüpide võrdlus Aabasoo e. Kühmsoo e. palsad Vaipsoo peenarsood Levik Ta on tüüpiline Ta on iseloomulik Väga niiskes merelises taigavööni põhjaosale. metsatundravööndile. parasvöötmes nagu Nende peamine Iiri- ja Šotimaal on levikuala on levinud vaipsood, mis Skandinaavia mäestik, katavad ühtlase kihina Kesk-Soome, Karjala kogu maastikku. ja Põhja-Siber. Asend Aabasoo on laiade Künkliku pinnaga soo, Vaipsood hõlmavad älveste ja kitsaste kus turbast küngaste ...
The California Floristic Province The California Floristic Province is a zone of Mediterranean-type climate and has the high levels of plant endemism characteristic of these regions. The hotspot is home to the giant sequoia, the planet's largest living organism and its taller but less massive relative, the coastal redwood. This region also holds a number of threatened endemic species such as the giant kangaroo rat and the desert slender salamander, and some of the last individuals of the Critically Endangered California condor can still be found here. In fact, it is the largest avian breeding ground in the United States. Wilderness destruction caused by commercial farming is a major threat for the region as the California Floristic Province generates half of all the agricultural products used by U.S. consumers. The hotspot is also heavily threatened by the expansion of urban areas, pollution, and road construction. The Ca...
3. slaid If we destroy some kind of spiece, we cant recreate it. They carrie unique information which cant be restored. Maybe in the future, the technology will get so far that they can recreate some extincted spieces. Here is araucaria mirabilis which was living approximately 160 million years ago If we create some culture on the field or cut down some alder forest and replace it with spruces, will it have interaction to the whole world? It's extremely difficult to answer, because there are so many factors. 4. slaid Renewable resources have became metaphor with meaning that its easy way to produce energy. Its easy to destroy our forests but it changes our ecosystem. They cause blowdowns, erosions and so on. 5.slaid scope of history Forests sometimes need to be updated. We need to take down trees with diseases. But we cant cut down trees which have cultu...
Pollution of the Baltic Sea I have chosen to write my science report about pollution of the Baltic Sea. Nowadays it is a big problem to people who live in the marine region. In this report, I want to know the reason of this issue and how could we solve it. High population density, intensive agricultural production and other human activities have caused this high level pollution of the Baltic Sea. The shipment of crude oil has grown from 45 million tons to 175 million tons and this only by 10 years. Its condition is a challenge for the nine coastal states and their populations - there are 90 million people living in this catchment area. [1] The sources of marine pollution are municipal and industrial waste inputs directly into the sea or rivers, and atmospheric inputs mainly from traffic and farming. Originating from cellulose producing and from paper mills, large amounts of poisonous chlorinated compounds are ...
Efficient initiatives to help protect the environment Just like our bodies, the environment functions best when it's in balance. Unfortunately, we're not quite there. Many of us believe that we lead lives that respect nature but our consumption habits give us away. Many little habits that seem to be sustainable are in fact polluting. Along with pollution, issues like depletion of resources, the rise of consumerism, and the "throw away" culture have led to serious issues. That being said, the fight's not over yet. Fortunately, more people than ever are both aware of and active in the protection of the environment. To protect the environment, waste management and recycling are crucial. When we recycle, used materials are converted into new products, reducing the need to consume natural resources. If used materials are not recycled, new products are made by extracting fresh, raw material from the Earth, through mining and forestry. R...
EESTI MAAÜLIKOOL Põllumajandus- ja keskkonnainstituut NIMI MIKS BIOLOOGILISELT MITMEKESISEMAD AGROÖKOSÜSTEEMID ON TAIMEKAITSELISEST SEISUKOHAST JÄTKUSUUTLIKUMAD? WHY BIOLOGICALY DIVERSED AGROECOSYSTEMS ARE MORE SUSTAINABLE IN PLANT PROTECTION THAN BIOLOGICALY UNDIVERSED AGROECOSYSTEMS? Kursusetöö Aianduse õppekava Tartu 2017 Sisukord SISSEJUHATUS.........................................................................................................................2 Ökosüsteemide ja bioloogilise mitmekesisus..............................................................................5 Agroökosüsteemi mitmekesisus..................................................................................................6 Loodusliku mitmekesisuse kasulikkus.......................................................
Antibiotics are one of the greatest success stories of modern medicine – they have transformed our lives. But they may now be endangering lives, too. I chose three articles on the issue that dissert the topic of antibiotics in wastewater. To begin with, for years scientists have been aware of the potential problems of antibiotics being present in wastewater. For now, the research of engineering professor Olya Keen is showing that treatments to clean wastewater may actually be creating new antibiotics and further contributing to the development of antibiotic resistance in the environment. Keen is studying doxycycline, one of the widely used class of antibiotics. Their research to date is showing that chlorine used to treat wastewater is actually changing the makeup of the doxycycline and forming new antibiotics. Subsequently, the question arises: how do all the antibiotics find their way into wastewater? Olya Keen answers: ”Those that a...
Hello My name is JOHN SMITH and I am here to talk about Hydroelectricity. Global energy use has risen by 70% since 1971 and continues to increase at the rate of 2% per year. There are many scenarios for future demand. One solution would be to use more hydropower. In 2005, renewable energy represented one-fifth of total power generation. Hydropower is the most advanced of the renewable and represents 87% of this production. 160 countries all over the world are using hydropower. Five countries make up more than half of the world's hydropower production. Those countries are: Brazil,Canada, China, Russia and the USA. (Production) *Most of the energy comes from the potential energy of dammed water driving a water turbine and generator. In this case the energy extracted from the water depends on the volume and on the difference in height between the source and the water's outflow. *Pumped storage hydroelectricity produces electricity to supp...
Palm oil Kristiina Pällo LU1 EMÜ 2016 • Edible vegetable oil that is derived from the palm fruit • Oil palm trees are grown in tropical areas • Widely used in food industry due to its semi-solid state in room temperature and long shelf-life • It is in a lot of everyday products – makeup, shampoo, soap, biodiesel. Also in food – sweet treats (chocolate, biscuits etc), margarine, nut butters, crisps. The Two kinds of palm oil • Palm oil comes from palm fruit. It is rich in vitamin E and it has a red colour due to beta-caroten in it. High in saturated fats. Used mostly in food industry • Palm kernel oil comes from palm fruit seed. Also high in saturated fats. Used mostly in products such as shampoos, makeup, biofuel etc Ingridient list • Vegetable Oil, Vegetable Fat, Palm Kernel, Palm Kernel Oil, Palm Fruit Oil, Palmate, Palmitate, Palmolein, Glyceryl, Stearate, Stearic Acid, Elaeis Guinee...
Pessimism vs. Optimism Different approaches to the ‘population-resources’ debate Malthus Task: View figure 13.57 (page 378 of Waugh). Draw the graph and discuss. Malthus believed that there was a finite optimum population in relation to food supply and that an increase beyond that point would lead to a decline in living standards and to war, famine and disease. An increase in the population above the optimum limit would therefore lead to war, famine and disease. A PESSIMISTIC approach Thomas Malthus (1798) proposed his work during the early stages of the industrial revolution when inadequate food and clothing were common features in England. His argument was that population increases (geometrically) or at an exponential rate if unchecked i.e. 1-2-4-8- 16-32 etc Food supply at best increases at an arithmetic rate i.e.1-2-3-4-5-6 etc ...
Miina Härma Gymnasium Acid Rain Report Compiler: Teisi Timma 8a Teacher: Esther Linask Tartu 2009 Acid Rain Acid rain is rain consisting of water droplets that are unusually acidic because of atmospheric pollution - most notably the excessive amounts of sulfur and nitrogen released by cars and industrial processes. Acid rain is also called acid deposition because this term includes other forms of acidic precipitation such as snow. Acidic deposition occurs in two ways: wet and dry. Wet deposition is any form of precipitation that removes acids from the atmosphere and deposits them on the Earth's surface. Dry deposition polluting particles and gases stick to the ground via dust and smoke in the absence of precipitation. This form of deposition is dangerous however because precipitation can eventually wash pollutants into strea...
Introduction... I read a book abput the Galapagos islands writen by Paul D. Steward. I have devided my presentation in 3 paragraphs: Firstly i will tal about the origins of the islands and the history, secondly about life on the land and in the sea, finaly about conserving the Galapagos. The Galapagos Islands are situated on junctions between several shifting tectonic plates on the equator and about 1000 km off the Pacific coast of Ecuador. They are the product of one of the most volcanically active regions on our planet, a hot spot is situated directly beneath the islands and also It is the point where major ocean currents meet. These circumstances combine to make an area that truly is like no other place on earth. Galapagos is comprised of 13 major islands, more than 120 smaller islets and rocks, and the surrounding ocean. The total land mass is almost 8,000 sq. km. Highest peak is Wolf Volcano reaching 1707m. The present islands ar...
Eesti Maaülikool Maastikuarhitektuur Liisa Sekavin Inimtegevuse mõju elusloodusele, veereziimi muutused, kõrbestumine. Referaat Juhendaja: lekt. Merle Öpik Tartu 2012 Referaadi eesmärk on selgitada kõrbestumise ja veereziimi muutuste mõju elusloodusele ning tuua välja nende omavahelisi seoseid. Refereerimisele on võetud enamasti materjal, mida on võimalik leida internetist ja koostatud pigem välismaa näidetel. Kõrbestumise ja veereziimide muutuste mõju puhul peetakse eelkõige oluliseks mõju inimesele. Käsitletakse ka inimese mõju elusloodusele nii üldisemalt kui ka otsesemalt kõrbestumist ja veereziimide muutusi põhjustades. Hävitades troopilisi metsi, intensiivistades põllumajandust või laiendades linnu, on inimeste tegevus kõikjale ulatuvalt muutnud ma...
Palm oil Palm oil is a type of edible vegetable oil that is derived from the palm fruit, grown on the African oil palm tree. Oil palms are originally from Western Africa, but can flourish wherever heat and rainfall are abundant. Today, palm oil is grown throughout Africa, Asia, North America, and South America, with 85% of all palm oil globally produced and exported from Indonesia and Malaysia; but most of the time not using sustainable measures. The industry is linked to major issues such as deforestation, habitat degradation, climate change, animal cruelty and indigenous rights abuses in the countries where it is produced, as the land and forests must be cleared for the development of the oil palm plantations. According to the World Wildlife Fund, an area the equivalent size of 300 football fields of rainforest is cleared each hour to make way for palm oil production. This lar...
JAMAICA The english speaking country · Jamaica is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea, consisting of the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles (*The Greater Antilles is a grouping of the larger islands in the Caribbean Sea). · The flag consists of a gold saltire, which divides the flag into four sections: two of them green (top and bottom) and two black (hoist and fly). · black representing the strength and creativity of the people which has allowed them to overcome the odds, gold for the wealth of the country and the golden sunshine, and green for the lush vegetation of the island. · Coat of arms: On the dexter side a West Indian Native Woman holding in the exterior hand a Basket of Fruits and on the sinister side a West Indian Native Man supporting by the exterior hand a Bow all proper. · The motto : "Out of Many, One People" - as tribute to the unity of the different cultural min...
Estonian University of Life Sciences Report on Soil Microflora By Katrin Vares Tartu 2013 Introduction The purpose of this report is to define soil microflora and establish the importance of it. Since the microorganisms clearly play an important role in preserving the balance of life, the next objective is to look into factors that influence this balance. Natural conditions and cultural impact could be considered as the variables that correlate the most with the activity and composition of microflora, hence some of the natural and cultural factors will be looked into a little more in detail. Definition, composition and importance of microflora Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary (2007) cited by the online medical dictionary (2013) defines living microorganisms as that small that they can be seen only with a microscope and that maintain a more or less constant presenc...
EESTI MAAÜLIKOOL Metsandus- ja maaehitusinstituut Metsakasvatuse osakond Metsahäiringud Referaat õppeaines Metsakasvatuse erikursus Juhendaja Hardi Tullus Tartu 2015 Sisukord Sissejuhatus..........................................................................................3 1Metsahäiring.......................................................................................4 2Abiootilised metsahäiringud...............................................................5 2.1Tuli............................................................................................................................5 2.2Tuul...........................................................................................................................6 3Biootilised metsahäiringud.................................................................8 3.1Ulukikahjustused...............
Tallinna tehnikaülikool Riski- ja ohutusõpetus keemiatööstuses Referaat: Kemikaali riskianalüüs Aniliin Õppejõud: Karin Reinhold Üliõpilane: Kood: 000000 Tallinn 2012 1. Introduction Aniline (also known as phenylamine or aminobenzene) is an organic compound with the formula C6H5NH2. Consisting of a phenyl group attached to an amino group, aniline is the prototypical aromatic amine. The largest application of aniline is for the preparation of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate. T...
Tallinn 2013 Ott Speek Subject: English Geodesy Study group: GI-21b PETROLEUM PRESENTATION Petroleum (L. petroleum, from Greek: Πέτρα (rock) + Latin: oleum (oil) is a naturally occurring flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other liquid organic compounds, that are found in geologic formations beneath the Earth's surface. The name Petroleum covers both naturally occurring unprocessed crude oils and petroleum products that are made up of refined crude oil. A fossil fuel, it is formed when large quantities of dead organisms, usually zooplankton and algae, are buried underneath sedimentary rock and undergo intense heat and pressure. Petroleum is recovered mostly through oil drilling. This comes after the studies of structural geology (at the reservoir scale), sedimentary basin analysis, reservoir characterization (mainly in terms of porosity and perme...
Vihmametsade raie Uurimustöö Sissejuhatus Mina valisin ülemineku arvestuse uurimustöö teemaks vihmametsade raie. Ma valisin selle teema sellepärast, et mind huvitab, miks vihmametsi maha raiutakse ja mis võivad olla tgaajärjed. Minumeelest on tänapäeval see teema väga aktuaalne, sest just praegu on õige aeg selle vastu tegelema hakata ja kindlasti see võib mõjutada ka minu elu, seega ma tahan teada kuidas täpsemalt võib see mu elu mõjutada või muuta. Ma tahaks veel teada, kas see põhjus miks vihmametsi maha raiutakse on ...
Adventure Tourism Project Management Madli Tuvike There is no such thing as a totally sustainable tourism (Swarbrooke, 1999). Tourism as one of the leading industries in the world is contributing to sustainable development (Mintel, 2005). Tourism needs to cope with changing world and world order, also trends that are occurring. Sustainable tourism is one rising industry in tourism market. Swarbroke (1999) and David (2011) are suggesting that sustainable tourism and sustainability is taking wider part in tourism industry. Moreover, Mintel (2005) states that tourism contribution to sustainable development is being recognised increasingly by governments and international organisations. In addition, United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO, a.i.) states that tourism nowadays takes full responsibility of impacts that it is making, such as current and future economic, social and environmental. Therefore, this essay will i...
TALLINN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING GUIDELINES Report Composers: Meelika Koitjärv EABM03 000502 Sandra Oisalu EABM03 000484 Tallinn 2004 2 PREFACE The Board of Directors of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) is pleased to release the 2002 Sustainability Reporting Guidelines. From an institutional perspective, it marks the beginning of the cycle of release, testing, review, and revision under GRIs new governance structure. The GRI was launched in 1997 as a joint initiative of the U.S. non-governmental organisation Coalition for Environmentally Responsible Economies (CERES) and United ...
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS Our environment is constantly changing. However, as our environment changes, so does the need to become increasingly aware of the problems that surround it. With a massive influx of natural disasters people need to be aware of what types of environmental problems our planet is facing. Current environmental problems make us vulnerable to disasters and tragedies, now and in the future. Unless we address the various issues seriously we are surely doomed for disaster. Current environmental problems require urgent attention. 1. Pollution: Pollution of air, water and soil require millions of years to recoup. Industry and motor vehicle exhaust are the number one pollutants. Heavy metals, nitrates and plastic are toxins responsible for pollution. While water pollution is caused by oil spill, acid rain, urban runoff; air pollution is caused by various gases and toxins released ...
http://www.riigikogu.ee/rva/toimetised/rito3/artiklid/37oja.htm Millised on Eesti eeldused olla jätkusuutlik väikeriik? Ahto Oja SEI-Tallinn, Säästva Eesti Instituut, säästva ühiskonna programmi juhtJätkusu utlik arendamine on jätkuv dialoog erinevate maailmavaa dete ja väärtushinn angutega inimeste vahel selleks, et ka meie lapsed saaksid omi dialooge pidada. 1. Alguseks On lihtne öelda, et ilm on hukas. Palju raskem on seda arusaadavalt , usutavalt ja argumentee ritult tõestada. Mis võib tunduda hukutavana lähiajal, ei pruugi seda teps mitte olla sadade ja tuhandete aastate lõikes. Mõni kuulutab kurjalt, et kliima soojeneb, samavõrra on uskujaid, et kliima võib hoopis külmeneda, õigus võib olla mõlemal, sest saja- ja saja tuhande aastasi trende ei saa lihtsalt võrrelda. Kummal on õigus, seda näitavad järgmised millenniumid . Kui uskuda, et loodusseadu sed kehtivad, on siiski võimalik loodusseadu stest tuletatud keskkonnata sak...
neÄlle Töö 1. osa = tõlge EST ing.k. Töö 2. osa = mõistete selgitamine = vt harjutused õpikust Sõnad/tõlked * U6 1. citizenship kodakondsus 2. state riik 3. lawful relationship- seaduslik suhe 4. determines mutual rights and obligations määrab vastastikused õigused ja kohustused 5. questions of citizenship are first of all regulated by kodakondsuse küsimused on eelkõige reguleeritud ... abil/kaudu/alusel 6. the Constitution of the Republic of Estonia EV PS 7. the Citizenship act kodakondusseadus 8. according to § 8 - § 8 alusel/järgi 9. right to õigus millelegi 10. shall be acquired by birth omandatakse sünniga 11. proceeds from the principle tuleneb ... printsiibist 12. any child found in Estonia iga Eestist leitud laps ...
EESTLASTE SUHTUMINE TAASTUVENERGIASSE Uurimistöö Koostaja: Klass: Juhendaja: 2009 Sisukord Sissejuhatus..........................................................................................................................................3 1. Taastuvenergia..................................................................................................................................5 1.1 Päike...........................................................................................................................................5 1.1.1 Päikeseenergia eelised:.......................................................................................................5 1.1.2 Passiivne päikeseenergia......................................................................................
TARTU ÜLIKOOL ÖKOLOOGIA JA MAATEADUSTE INSTITUUT ZOOLOOGIA OSAKOND HÜDROBIOLOOGIA ÕPPETOOL Taavi Porkveli MEREKAITSEALADE VÕRGUSTIKU LOOMISE ALUSED JA RAHVUSVAHELINE KOOSTÖÖ LÄÄNEMERE TINGIMUSTES Bakalaureusetöö Juhendaja: Tiia Möller TARTU 2013 Sisukord Sissejuhatus ................................................................................................................................ 3 1 Merekaitsealad ........................................................................................................................ 4 1.1. Ajalugu ja merekaitsealade vajadus ................................................................................ 4 1.2. Mõiste ja aspektid merekaitsealade loomisel .................................
Tartu Ülikool Loodus- ja tehnoloogiateaduskond Tartu Ülikooli Ökoloogia ja Maateaduste Instituut Geograafia osakond Magistritöö HALLISTE LUHA TAIMKATTE MUUTUSTEST Eha Puusild Juhendajad: Prof. Tõnu Oja MSc. Laimi Truus Tartu 2008 SISUKORD 1. SISSEJUHATUS...................................................................................................................3 1.1. Pool-looduslike koosluste mõiste ja väärtus................................................................3 1.2. Luharohumaade mõiste, kujunemine ja looduslikud tingimused (taimekooslused ja levik) .................................................................................................................
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