European Union economic 9th May 1951, six Western-Europe countries (Belgium, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, France and Germany) signed a treaty to run their heavy industries coal and steel under a common management. From this economic cooperation agreement, European Union has grown up. For today, the aim of this union has made 180º turn but the reason why more and more countries are joining it is still same to rise the economy. So how does it work? European Union is functioning like an independent country. It collects taxes to reach its objectives. Taxes are collected mainly from member countries GDP (1,1% of countries budget) but as well the import duties on good bought into EU. Also, every member country is paying 0,1%-0,33% of their VAT (value added tax). It is the way how EU gets its budget which is about 120 billion per year. This money is spent mainly to improve agriculture (direct aid, export refunds, sto...
Economic Country Review: Finland, Estonia and Hungary Girli Vasiljev Report Business Economics, RB1X 06.05.2012 Abstract 06.05.2012 Experience and Wellness management Author Group Girli Vasiljev RB1X Title of report Number of pages Economic Country Review: Finland, Estonia 20 and Hungary Teacher Kalevi Torunen The goal of this paper is to compare the economic performance of Finland, Estonia and Hungary. First, a general overview on the countries will be given. After, economic indicators (real GDP growth rate, inflation, unemployment, household consumption, investment, current account, government budget and deficit) of the three countries will be compared to draw a conc...
International Economic organisations were established to increase globalisation and international co-operation. 1. Economic unions- organisations dealing with international trade and also finance. For example European Union,World Trade Organisation. 2. Cartels-a formal agreement of some kind of raw materials. ASEAN-Association of Southeast-Asia Nations. It was established in 1967-Its aim is to make favorable conditions for membership countries. The members are Brunei,Philippines,Indonesia,Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Malaisia and Singapore. NAFTA-North American Free Trade Agreement.It was established in 1989 by Canada, USA, and Mexico. They have remained totally independent.All countries may join with this organisation.It is one of the world's biggest economic organisations. MERCOSUR-The South common market.Regional Trade Agreement among Uruguay,Paraguay,Brazil and Argentina.It was founded in 1991. Boliv...
Positive sides of the economic recession The economic recession is inevitable. Without it people would not have any understanding about how economy works and what are the future expectations. During the recession people start thinking about cheaper ways of living. Since the monthly income might not be as brave as it was before, they turn their attention to discounted alternative products and find out that for example it may be possible to use low-priced detergents instead of purchasing a highly recommended one and double the expense. Also, a lot of enterprises and companies gain experience from recessions. They might suffer under lack of different resources for example financial and material crisis. However, if the company overcomes the recession, it gains an invaluable experience how to withstand crisis situations and how to cut balances, even though it might have come with certain sacrifices such as firi...
The aim of this report is to describe social and economic situation in Estonia. Estonia is well known because for it's highly developed IT-sector. IT-sector is the fastest growing area. In the words of stat.ee about two-thirds of households have a broadband Internet connection. Due to more people go online to vote and do their business with the banks. As time goes by, more and more discoveries are made in the IT field. However, the income of estonians is one of the lowest in the European Union, therefore there is a big gap between different social layers. Estonians average monthly wage is 792 EUR, which means that the average monthly wage is bigger only than in Latvia. Other European Union countries have higher average monthly wages. Small salary is accompanie by aging. That is because families with smaller income do not want to have children, because they can not adequately care for them. That is the reason why the gro...
Michael E.Porter artikli „Location, Competition, and Economic Development: Local Clusters in a Global Economy“ kokkuvõte. Maailma majanduse globaliseerumine peidab endas märgatavat paradoksiaalset nähtust. Ühest küljest on tehnoloogilised arengud soodustanud globariseerumist tootmises; kapitali, tooraine, tööjõu jne liikuvust vastavalt vajadusele ning keskendudes üha madalamatele püsikuludele. Teisalt on äärmiselt oluliseks aspektiks kujunenud kohalikud klastrid (Local clusters), mis on fenomenaalne nähtus majandusmaailmas. Klastrid on geograafiliseks ühenduslüliks sarnase tegevusvaldkonnaga seotud ettevõtetele. „Clusters, or critical masses of unusual competitive success in particular business areas, are a striking feature of virtually every national, regional, state, and even metropolitan economy, especially in more advanced nations“ (Porter 2000) „Even as old reasons for clustering have diminished in importance with globalizatio...
PEST analüüs juuksuri salongi kohta ,, Mona Liisa " Väliskeskkonna mõjurite analüüs Mona Liisa Juuksurisalong alustas tegevust 2008. aastal. Asub Paides, Põllu 2. Pakub kvaliteetset juuksuriteenust ja hubast keskkonda inimestele, kes hoolivad oma välimusest ja professionaalsest teenindusest. Salongi eesmärgiks on pakkuda klientidele parimaid lahendusi arvestades nende isikupära ja stiiliga. Salong hoiab end kursis uusimate trendidega ja kasutab proffessionaalseid juuksehooldusvahendeid tunnustatud brändidelt. Juuksuritel on pikaajalised töökogemused ja tugev koolitustepagas. Salong asub 2008. aastal valminud kaasaegses ärikompleksis. POLITICAL Poliitilised muutused, mida salong jälgib ja analüüsib on seotud muutustega Eesti seadustes ja Euroopa Liidu regulatsioonides, oma roll on valitsuste vahetumisel ja majanduspoliitika muudatustel. Olulised on rahvusvahelised suhted, rahvusvahelist...
ERLE MAIDO TAAB11 Report Purpose The purpose of this report is to give an overview of Estonian population, political factors, technological factors, economic factors and the trends in Estonian economy compared to Germany and to briefly discuss Estonian business environment. Estonian population The total population of Estonia is 1 313 271 according to Statistics Estonia, of which 69.1% are Estonians, 25.1% Russians, 4.9% of which are of different nationalities for example Ukrainians, Belarusians and Finns. Rest are of unknown nationality. 68.5% of population speaks Estonian as a mother language, 29.6% speaks Russian as a mother language and 0.6% Ukrainian. Estonia has only one official language which is Estonian. Ac...
TARTU ÜLIKOOL Majandusteaduskond Merilyn Ohtla INFLATSIOONI PÕHJUSED, LIIGID, TAGAJÄRJED JA JUHTIMINE Referaat Juhendaja: Nadežda Ivanova Tartu 2015 1 Gh SISUKORD Sd................................................................................................................... 2 SISSEJUHATUS................................................................................................ 2 1.INFLATSIOON............................................................................................... 4 1.1.Põhjused................................................................................................ 4 1.2.Liigid..................................................................................................... 6 1.3 Tagajärjed...................
ERLE MAIDO 155635TAAB11 21.09.2015 Laste hind ja väärtus 1. Milliste muutustega ühiskonnas on seotud lastele omistatud väärtuse teisenemine ajaloolises perspektiivis? Tooge vähemalt 3 näidet loetud tekstist. 18. sajandil tervitati vastsündinud last “talupoeglikus” Ameerikas kui tulevase töö tegijat, kes oli oma vanematele tuleviku kindlustuseks. 19. sajandi keskpaigaks muutus laps “linna” keskklassis ökonoomselt mõttetuks. Rahaliste hüvitiste asemel muutus tähtsaks laste haridus. Töölisklassi laste väärtus kasvas edasi. Järsk industrialiseerimine tutvustas lastele uusi tegevusalasid ja 1870. aastaks oli iga kaheksas l...
Tallinn University TURKEY AND THE EUROPEAN UNION Tallinn 2013 INTRODUCTION The accession negotiations and the forthcoming Turkish accession present challenges to both Turkey and the EU. It is widely accepted that Turkey's accession would be different from previous enlargements because of the combined impact of Turkey's population, size, geographical location, economic, security and military potential. The case of Turkey will be different and more challenging from previous accessions for a number of reasons, some of them are presented below. Turkey is a country with a large population and geographic area. With a population of 74 million today, it is projected that it could be the largest member state at the time of accession. As a Moslem secular country, Turkey will also add a new demographic and religious dimension to the EU. Also, the presence of a large number of Turkish immigrants in European count...
TALLINNA ÜLIKOOL POLITICAL SCIENCE AND GOVERNMENT INSTITUTE ANNELI PALM CRITISIM ABOUT IMF AND WORLD BANK INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY (RIR6032/RIR6004) ESSAY 2014 Contents TALLINNA ÜLIKOOL.............................................................................................. 1 Introduction............................................................................................................ 3 Basic of liberalism.................................................................................................. 4 International Monetary Fund and World Bank.........................................................4 IMF(International Monetary Fund)........................................................................4 WB(World Bank).................................................................................................
Sõda ja rahu tänapäeval Sõda ei ole enam tänapäeval sama, mis see oli enne ja pärast I ning II maailmasõda. Kui seni tapeti relvaga vaenlasi ja domineeriti militaarse jõuga, siis täna kasutatakse selliseid meetodeid vähem ning sõjapidamine käib enamjaolt läbi informatsiooni ja propaganda. Seetõttu on sõda muutunud tavakodanikule vähem nähtavaks ja keerulisemaks mõista, ning jääb mulje, et me elame rahu ajal, kuigi sõda käib vahetpidamata igas maailma riigis. Milline on sõda tänapäeval? Nähtav sõda, kus sõdurid püssiga ringi jooksevad ja vaenlase pihta tulistavad, toimub ebaselgetel põhjustel Lähis-Idas ja sellesse on kaasatud isegi väike Eesti. Kuna meil on vaja rahvusvahelist tunnustust ja võimaliku ohu korral militaarabi, siis peame ka omi mehi suurematele riikidele nende eesmärkide eest võitlemisel appi saatma. Mispärast Iraak, Iraan ja Afganistan tegelikult vallutati on ebaselge, ...
Introduction to macroeconomics Macroeconomics Macroeconomics (from Greek prefix "macr(o)-" meaning "large" + "economics") is a branch of economics that deals with · the performance, structure, behavior and decision-making of the entire economy, · be that a national, regional, or the global economy The Economist's Dictionary of Economics defines Macroeconomics as - "The study of whole economic systems aggregating over the functioning of individual economic units. It is primarily concerned with variables which follow systematic and predictable paths of behaviour and can be analysed independently of the decisions of the many agents who determine their level. It is a study of national economies and the determination of national income." Macroeconomics examines the economy as a whole and answers questions · 'What causes the economy to gro...
1. UN as a world organization The United Nations officially came into existence on 24 October 1945, when the UN Charter had been ratified by a majority of the original 51 Member States. The day is now celebrated each year around the world as United Nations Day. The purpose of the United Nations is to bring all nations of the world together to work for peace and development, based on the principles of justice, human dignity and the well-being of all people. It affords the opportunity for countries to balance global interdependence and national interests when addressing international problems. There are currently 192 Members of the United Nations. The Aims of the United Nations: -To keep peace throughout the world. -To develop friendly relations between nations. -To work together to help people live better lives, to eliminate poverty, disease and illiteracy in the world, to stop environmental destruction and to encourage respect for ea...
NAFTA Margit Maide EKSPORT JA IMPORT SUURIMAD TOOTJAD Saudi- Venem USA Iraan Hiina Araabia aa Saudi- Venemaa: Araabia: $73.7 $136.2 billion billion (10.9%) (20.1%) 2016 EKSPORT Kanada: Iraak: $39.5 $46.3 billion Araabia billion (5.8%) Ühendemiraa (6.8%) did: $38.9 billion (5.7%) SAUDI- ARAABIA 55% moodustab toornaftaõlid kogu ekspordist Saadavus ida provintsis OPEC-i liige VENEMAA EKSPORT 28% moodustab toornaftaõlid kogu ekspordist Saadavus rohkem läänes KANADA 13% moodustab toornaftaõlid kogu ekspordist Saadavus läänepoolel ARAABIA ÜHENDEMIRAA DID 32% moodustab toornaftaõlid kogu ekspordist Saadavus rohkem saartel ...
TALLINN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING GUIDELINES Report Composers: Meelika Koitjärv EABM03 000502 Sandra Oisalu EABM03 000484 Tallinn 2004 2 PREFACE The Board of Directors of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) is pleased to release the 2002 Sustainability Reporting Guidelines. From an institutional perspective, it marks the beginning of the cycle of release, testing, review, and revision under GRIs new governance structure. The GRI was launched in 1997 as a joint initiative of the U.S. non-governmental organisation Coalition for Environmentally Responsible Economies (CERES) and United ...
Majandussotsioloogia kordamisteemad ja toetav kirjandus eksamiks valmistumisel (kättesaadav raamatukogust ja osaliselt ka Moodle’st. A.Giddens’i õpikut Sociology võite kasutada nii 2009 kui 2013 väljaannet, vastavalt kättesaadavusele. Pange tähele, et 2013 väljaandes on teemasid veidi rohkem ja seetõttu on peatükid teiste numbritega. Teemade järgi on need aga hõlpsasti leitavad). LOENGUMATERJALIDE põhjal on eksamitöös testiküsimused järgmistel teemadel: 2. Loeng – Ühiskonna areng ja (majandus)sotsioloogia kujunemislugu Riigi, ühiskonna ja majanduse arengu eeltingimused A.Smith’i järgi, selle kriitika K.Marx: kuidas mõistis sotsiaalse muutuse seaduspära ning ühiskonna struktuuri põhiolemust; milles seisneb tööjõu võõrandumine; väärtuse käsitlus; Durkheim: mehhaaniline ja orgaaniline solidaarsus, anoomia; Weber: sotsiaalse muutuse olemus; kapitalismi põhitüübid; domineerimistüübid; Swedberg, R. (2003/20...
The case for socialism Four National faults Economic Inequality. The distribution of income and property is amazingly unequal. The most recent investigations suggest that 10 per cent of the population recieve over 45 per cent of the national money income, while 90 per cent recieve the remaining 55 per cent. The distribution of property is even more uniequal. 1 per cent of the population own 60 per cent of the saleable assets of the nations. Individual incomes range from £1 000 000 a year to £50 per year. This extreme degree of inequality is due to the right of inheritance at present vested in the legal institution of property. Large individual fortunes are, for the most part, made up of inherited property. The rich, as a class, are born with silver spoon in their mouths and the economic privileges that they enjoy were not acquired by the possession or exercise of great talents, but by the accident of birth. Social inequality. The appara...
Majanduslik Eesti (Estonia) Argentiina Keenia (Kenya) näitaja (Argentia) Liberaalsuse aste 6 koht 69 koht 86 Koht (Economic freedom) Indeks:3,2 Indeks:2,05 Indeks:1,9 SKP suurus (GDP $22.5 billion (2011) $435.2 billion (2011) $36.1 billion (2011) official exchange rate) SKP per capita $20,200 (2011) $17,400 (2011) $1,700 (2011) (GDP per capita) SKP ostuvõime $26.93 billion (2011) $709.7 billion (2011) $71.5 billion (2011) alusel (GDP purchasing power parity) Gini indeks 31,4 (2009) 45,8 (2009) 42,5 (2008) Eksport inimese $6,988 per capita $1,362.63 per capita $ 113.97 per capita kohta (Export per capita) Kokku eksport: Kokku eksport: Kokku eksport: ...
Environmental Problems and Sustainability The environment is our physical surroundings. This includes both human (man- made), social and physical (natural) features. Natural features include soil, the atmosphere, vegetation and wildlife. Human features include things such as culture, language and political systems. Geographers are concerned about human action in the environment. Human interference with the environment causes problems such as soil erosion, global warming and acid. You may ask how we as individuals can have an impact on the environment. Our actions can help to increase the problems highlighted above. For example turning off lights that are not being used helps to reduce global warming. Until recently, concern about the environment revolved almost exclusively around local and national problems. Over the past two decades, however, scientists have increasingly focused attention on more far-reaching environmental threats,...
The Great Guild Liisbeth Kallakmaa The Great Guild Medieval Tallinn's social institutions were guilds and brotherhoods, whose main function was to provide members with social interactions and ensure their rights, but also played an important political and economic role. Tallinn had three important guilds - The Great Guild, St. Canute's Guild and St. Olaf's guild. The Great Guild was the youngest among them, founded in the 14th century, but soon became the biggest and most important. It was founded as an organization of the wealthiest merchants and shipowners. The name of the Great Guild was introduced in the late 15th century. There were close ties between the guild and the town rules: only members of the Great Guild had the right to belong to the town council and could be elected for mayor. Tallinn's small coat of arms is also the Great Guild's coat of arms. Guild was led by Alderman, with the assistance of t...
The Future of Work Automation anxiety has been spreading lately. What's clear is that there will be significant change. What's less clear is what that change will look like. The threat of technological unemployment is real. A picture that we see on our television screens, in everyday commentary is one where an army of robots descend on the workplace with one goal in mind: to displace humans from their work. Yes, machines displace humans from particular tasks, but they don't just substitute for humans. They also complement them in other tasks. Sometimes they complement humans directly. So a taxi driver can use a satnav system to navigate on unfamiliar roads. It also complements humans indirectly and it does this in two ways. Think the economy as a pie. Technological progress makes the pie bigger. As productivity increases, incomes rise and demand grows. People displaced from the tasks in the old pie could find tasks to do in the ne...
Tax policy After regaining independence in 1990, Lithuania is a fully functional parliamentary democracy. The chief of state is the president, and the head of the government is the premier. The president is directly elected by the people and serves a 5-year term. The parliament, known as the Seimas, has 141 members who are elected for 4-year terms. Of these, 71 are directly elected by the people and 70 are elected by proportional vote. The tax burden, at some one-third of the GDP is moderate by international standards and will further be reduced as the liberalization progresses. These are mainly income and value-added taxes . Tax revenues come from a variety of sources. Goods that are imported into Lithuania face import duties that range from 10 to 100 percent (but average 15 percent on most goods). The highest tariffs are on tobacco, automobiles, jewelry, and gasoline. The personal income tax level is 33 percent with rates of betwee...
Pessimism vs. Optimism Different approaches to the ‘population-resources’ debate Malthus Task: View figure 13.57 (page 378 of Waugh). Draw the graph and discuss. Malthus believed that there was a finite optimum population in relation to food supply and that an increase beyond that point would lead to a decline in living standards and to war, famine and disease. An increase in the population above the optimum limit would therefore lead to war, famine and disease. A PESSIMISTIC approach Thomas Malthus (1798) proposed his work during the early stages of the industrial revolution when inadequate food and clothing were common features in England. His argument was that population increases (geometrically) or at an exponential rate if unchecked i.e. 1-2-4-8- 16-32 etc Food supply at best increases at an arithmetic rate i.e.1-2-3-4-5-6 etc ...
Home reading ( magazine article ) : 1. " Government fails to serve up free school meals for all " from http://www.timesonline.co.uk 2. The article is about Scottish government who has failed to achieve it's goal of extending free school meals to all children in the first three years of education. This healthy meal serving is now extended because of the tight public finances caused by the economic slump. There's mentioned that at the moment government can only offer a healthy lunch for 20% of the pupils in Scotland. 3. This topic is interesting because now I can compare my school lunch with Scottish meals. Here we have it for free until the end of the primary school. It's also interesting to read how are they handling with this economic crisis. 4. reluctance vastumeelsus, magnetiline takistus provision säte, lepingutingimus acute, akuutne, terav 5. Do you like our school lunches? What do you ...
Pure Competition Competition The word "competition" may be used in two ways: rivalry (synonym; opposition, antagonism) structural competition or "pure competition" The main characteristics of competition: 1. Number of firms 2. Type of product 3. Control over price 4. Conditions of entry 5. Nonprice competition 6. Information flow Pure Competition · Involves very large numbers of sellers and buyers. · Firms producing identical or homogeneous products. · Standardized product (a product identical to that of other producers). (ex. corn or cucumbers). · Free Entry and Exit: no significant legal, technological, financial, or other obstacles prohibiting new firms from selling their output in any competitive market N...
Ireland Ireland (Irish: Éire, Irish pronunciation:) is a country in north-western Europe. The modern sovereign state occupies about five-sixths of the island of Ireland, which was first partitioned on 3 May 1921. It is bordered by Northern Ireland--part of the United Kingdom--to the north, by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Irish Sea to the east and the Celtic Sea and St George's Channel to the South and South-East. The legal name of the state is simply "Ireland", but its legal description the Republic of Ireland is sometimes used to differentiate the state from the island. On 29 December 1937 Ireland became the successor-state to the Irish Free State, itself established on 6 December 1922. Ireland was one of the poorest countries in Western Europe and had high emigration. The protectionist economy was opened in the late 1950s and Ireland joined the European Communities (now the European Un...
South Africa Apartheid and before South Africa was created by peoples from Africa, Asia, and Europe. created their own states , combined (sometimes through war, sometimes through negotiation) to form the current South African state. The important thing is not what states were called or how long they lasted, but how they were organised, maintained control, gained and lost legitimacy. South African state formed out of: Conquest Colonization Slavery Indentured labour Racially discriminatory laws reserved jobs for whites; differential pay-scales etc Post 1910 state strong and centralized institutionalised racism: "power, wealth and privileges [distributed] unequally on a racial basis" (Giliomee, 1995, p190) Farming and mining (the basis of the economy) both required large work forces. Once slavery was abolished, need for to generate labour force. Taxation (poll tax) used to force blacks...
1. Leidke e-kataloogist ESTER raamatu Janno, Jaan. Arvutusmeetodid. Tallinn, 2008. 182 lk. asukoht TT raamatukogus ja sellele vastav kohaviit e-kataloogis ESTER, korrus ja riiuli number 2. Leidke Eesti mrksnastikust (EMS), milliseid seotud mrksnu on soovitav kasutada teavikute otsinguks teemal alternatiivenergia Loetlege kuni 3 seotud mrksna. 3. Leidke andmebaasist ISE, millises ajakirjas on ilmunud artikkel Kruus, Oskar. Abimees nii ausale eksaminandile kui ka leidlikule spikerdajale. Vastuses esitage ajakirja nimetus, aasta, number, lehekljed, kus artikkel asub. 4. Leidke e-ajakirjade otsivahendit A-to-Z kasutades, millise andmebaasi vahendusel ja mis aastast aastani on meie likooli arvutivrgust juurdeps ajakirja Network security tistekstidele? 5. Leidke EBSCOhost andmebaasidest ks tistekstiga artikkel teemal majandusintegratsioon (economic integration) Vastuses esitage artikli autor, pealkiri, ajakirj...
Majandusõpetus 2.Majandussüsteemid, turumajandus II.Vaba ettevõtlus ehk turumajandus II. 1.Turumajanduse tugisambad, pilars of market economy. 1. 2. Eraomandus, private property, ownership - ressursid ja tooted 2. - (omandiobjektid) , mille omanik on eraisik või ettevõte, mitte riik , . 3. otiiv, motive on millegi tegemise ajend. Turumajanduses on 3. () - . majanduslikud motiivid kasum, intress, palk ja rent (Tasu , %, ( tootmifaktorite kasutamise eest) ). 4. Spetsialiseerumine, spezialisation - on protsess, milles ettevõtted ja 4. , inimesed keskenduvad ühe toote või tooteosa tootmisele 5. Vabatahtlik vahetus, voluntary exchange kaasneb spetsialiseerumi- 5. ...
Tallinn University School of Governance, Law and Society Coca-Cola Company's role in IPE Final paper Tallinn 2018 Brief overview The Coca-Cola Company is an American corporation founded in 1892 and today engaged primarily in the manufacture and sale of syrup and concentrate for Coca-Cola, a sweetened carbonated beverage that is a cultural institution in the United States and a global symbol of American tastes, headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia (Encyclopædia Britannica). Coca-Cola is the world's largest beverage company, refreshing consumers with more than 500 sparkling and still brands and nearly 3,900 beverage choices. Led by Coca-Cola, one of the world's most valuable and recognizable brands, their company's portfolio features 21 billion- dollar brands, 19 of which are available in reduced-,...
European Union Exam 1949 France, UK and the Benelux countries decide to set in place a Council of Europe. 1951 Treaty of Paris signed by the Six (Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands), establishing the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC). 1957 Treaties of Rome establish the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom). 1959 July, seven countries of the Organisation for European Economic Co- operation (OEEC) – Austria, Denmark, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK – decide to establish a European Free Trade Association (EFTA). 1960 Creation of European Free Trade Association 1961 UK applies to join the Community. 1962 The Parliamentary Assembly changes its name to the European Parliament. 1965 The Treaty merging the executives of the three Communities (ECSC, EEC, Euratom) is signed in Brussels; enters into force on July 1, 1967. Empty chair crisis 1966 Luxembou...
Estonian University of Life Sciences Annotation Bibliography of ,,Agroecological Economics" by Paul Wojtkowski Author: Janno Ott Tutor: Tiia Krass Tartu 2011 Introduction I'm writing my book review about Agroecological Economics. Which is written by Paul Wojtkowski, who is very famous as leading proponent and analyst. This book presents a wide range of new and diverse techniques for sustainable agriculture for the purpose of enhancing economic interest. Since agriculture is growing really convivially, the emphasis is on changing from conventional agriculture to more efficient systems and practise. This book is very educational because it explains how is the best way to analyze the experimental results from intercropping and multiple cropping trials....
The European Union (EU) is an economic and political union where are 27 member states drom European continent. The EU operates through a system of independent institutions and decisions are made by the member countries. EUs population is of over 500 million inhabitants which is 7.3% of the world population, there are 23 different languages and for now 17 countries are using EUs common currency Euro. EU was founded after World War II, when Europe was struggeling in social and political devastations. In 1948 a congress in Hague was held to discuss ideas about the development of European political co-operation. There were many important political figures such as Konrad Adenauer and Winston Churchill. On 9th May in 1950 French Minister of Foreign Affairs proposed that France and the Federal Republic of Germany should combine their coal and steel resources and let other European countries join also. From that on, the 9th of May has been cons...
1. Which are the main cornerstones of EU-Russia cooperation? Which have been the main developments and success stories in this partnership in 2000-2012? Which side is more interested? The main cornerstones of the EU and Russia relations are the trade and energy relations. One biggest breakthrough has been gas pipeline Nord Stream. Russia is the third biggest trade partner of the EU and is the main importer of gas and crude oil. The economic benefits are the biggest cornerstones of the relations. Cooperation between Russia and the European Union progressively strengthens in foreign policy and security issues, in combating illegal migration, organised crime and terrorism. The main achievement of recent years, which can be hardly overestimated, is the understanding increasingly gaining ground that partnership between Russia and the EU is one of the cornerstones of maintaining stability and prosperity not only in Europe, but world-wide. ...
FOREST BIOENERGY Outline Introduction: wood as a fuel Main body: diferent wood made energy products Conclusin: summarising the usage References Introduction • Fossil fuels: dominant source of energy. • Biomass accounts about 10% energy supply • Wood- based fuels from fast- growing species. • Forest biomass: reneweable energy • Forest biomass, mainly used in the Nordic countries. Wood based fuels sources •Energy forest •Forest biomass •Recycled wood Wood Biomass • Biologicalmaterial derived from living, or recently living organisms. • Can be used after converting it to various forms of biofuel. • Woodchips • Pellets Bioenergy • Energy produced from biomass. • Electricity, heat, and transportation fuels. • Eesti Energia and bioenergy. Benefits of Biomass • Environmental Benefits • Economic Benefits • Energy Benefits Biofuels • Solid fuels Pellets, briquettes • Liquid fuels Ethanol Bio-d...
Madalmaade Kuningriik Holland Suuruselt viies majandus eurotsoonis Üldandmed Naaberriigid Idas Saksamaa Lõunas Belgia Kogu riigipiir 1027km Rahvastik 17 131 911 elanikku (2016) 501/km² 79,3% hollandlased 6,3% teiste ELi riikide kodanikud Suurimad linnad Amterdam (pealinn; 855,896) Rotterdam (638,751) Haag (531,935) Utrecht (347,526) Sümboolika Lipp Statenvlag Vanim riigihümn Trikoloor; punane, valge, sinine Originaalsõnade autor 14. Veebruar 1796 teadmata Pühendatud Oraje Willemile Ajaloolised eripärad Iseseisev aastast 1648 II maailmasõjas alistus 4 päevaga Vabastati 5. mail 1945 Pärast II maailmasõda (1954) alustas dekolonisatsiooniga Moodustus Madalmaade Kuningriik Iseseisvusid Indoneesia ja Suriname Peale II maailmasõda utsitas valitsus emigratsioonile ...
Queensland floods Markus Põder 10 A Contents · Introduction · Backround · Extend · Deaths · Response · Recovery · Economic impact · Animals · Video Introduction · December 2010 January 2011 · 35 confirmed dead · 9 missing · 30 billion dollars · Much of central and southern Queensland including Brisbane, Rockhampton, Emerald, Bundaberg, Dalby, Toowoomba, and Ipswich Backround · Last was in 1974 · Heavy rainfall · 24 December · Coral Sea · Gulf of Carpentaria · Gold Coast Extend · Half of Queensland was flooded · Fitzroy River basin · Burnett River basin · Balonne River basin · Mary River basin · Toowoomba · Brisbane River catchment Deaths · 35 confirmed dead · 20 November 2010 · Jordan Rice Response · 55000 volunteers · Give money · Prime Minister Recovery · Army · Giving A$1 million each · Cricet teams Economic impact · ...
The European Community Humanitarian Aid Office , or "ECHO", provides humanitarian aid The European Union (EU) is from the EU to developing countries. an economic and political union of 27 member states, located primarily in Europe. It was established by the Treaty of Maastricht on 1 November 1993,upon the foundations of the pre- existing orchestras such as European Economic Community the European Union Youth Orchestra and the European . With almost 500 million Capital of citizens, the EU combined ...
· Leidke e-kataloogist ESTER raamatu Janda, Louis. Karjääritestid. Tartu, 2000. 198 lk. asukoht TTÜ raamatukogus ja sellele vastav kohaviit e-kataloogis ESTER, korrus ja riiuli number Vastus: Asukoht: TTÜR 2. korrus, kohaviit 159/J-27, riiul 204 Leidke Eesti märksõnastikust (EMS), milliseid seotud märksõnu on soovitav kasutada teavikute otsinguks teemal ehituskonstruktsioonid Loetlege kuni 3 seotud märksõna. Vastus: Ehitusmehaanika, hooned, hooneosad. · Leidke andmebaasist ISE, millises ajakirjas on ilmunud artikkel Aro, Rein. Aasta teema energiatõhusus. Vastuses esitage ajakirja nimetus, aasta, number, leheküljed, kus artikkel asub. Vastus: Elektriala, 2009, nr 1, lk 35 · Leidke e-ajakirjade otsivahendit A-to-Z kasutades, millise andmebaasi vahendusel ja mis aastast aastani on meie ülikooli arvutivõrgust juurdepääs ajakirja Occupational Ergonomics täistekstidele? Va...
Social problems in England What are social problems? Racism Crime Unemployment Alcohol/Drug abuse Economic recession Poverty Riots Racism Common problem all around the world Many refugees and immigrants Locals with false perceptions Different cultures and ethnic groups Crime Racism related crime Robberies and burglaries Murders Petty crimes Unemployment People have less money A lot of free time Necessity of meeting the needs Unemployment benefits Alcohol and drug abuse Worldwide problem Has a negative effect on the country's human development Quantities have incresed Young people using drugs and alcohol Economic recession Decrease of income Loss of employment Health and education recession Barriers to housing and services Poverty Lack of food and water Lack of residence Insufficient income Fuel poverty 2011 Riots 06.08.10.08.2011 Several districts and cities suffered widespread rioting, arson and looting 5 fatal accidents 20...
The costs of production Production Decisions about production require individual agents to make decisions about the allocation and use of physical inputs. · Objectives of agents, technology, availability and quality of inputs determine the nature of these decisions. Since the objectives are often pecuniary, it is often necessary to relate the decisions about the physical units of inputs and outputs to the costs of production. · If the prices of the inputs and the production relationships are known (or understood), it is possible to calculate or estimate all the cost relationships for each level of output. In ...
Monopoly Market Power In pure competition sellers are "price takers." No seller (or buyer) has the ability to influence the market price. In most markets, at least one or more of the conditions required for pure competition are violated. This gives sellers or buyers the ability to influence the market price and allocation of resources Pure competition results in an optimal allocation or resources given the objective of an economic system to allocate resources to their highest valued uses or to allocate relative scarce resource to maximize the satisfaction of (unlimited) wants in a cultural context. Pure competition is the ideal that is be benchmark to evaluate the performance markets. The economic theory of · monopolistic competitive markets, · oligopoly and · monopoly is used to suggest the nature of problems that may exist wh...
Stages of democratization The old regime breaks down. New democratic structures are built. Initial fragility These new structures become embedded; their removal is unthinkable: `consolidation'. Structural factors : Factors that are `unchangeable' or change slowly; `preconditions' · Historical · Economic · Political W. Germany 1950s: educated, literate population, but residue of authoritarian attitudes, poor experience of Weimar democracy? E. Germany 1990s: educated, literate, good knowledge of West German system (relatively) easy adaptation once East German state collapsed Mexico: as economy developed did potential for democratic structures increase? South Africa: little apparent scope for change? Transitions theory 1. liberalization of authoritarian rule 2. civil society pushes the boundari...
Good morning ladies and gentlemen! Im going to talk about Business in Estonia. I`ve divided my talk into three parts. First Im going to give a short overview of the Estonian business. Second Im going to talk about studying business in Estonia and third Im going to talk about business in industrial sector. FIRST: Estonia is a relatively small country in the northern part of Europe. Estonia is strategically placed in the business corridor, between the Scandinavian countries (EU) and other eastern European countries, including Russia. Estonia has suffered from economic Chrisis as many ohter European countries and compared to ohter bigger countries like Spain and Greece, Estonia has managed to recover from the Chrisis quite well. The number of unemployed people has reduced, still many private companies have struggles due to the fact that the income of consumers has been low and the ability to consume products provided by the companies has...
STEP Analysis Switzerland Liisi Nigul Turundus II Sociological factors: Religions: Main religion is Roman Catholic 41,8%, then comes Protestants with 35,3% and on the third place are so called non-believers (people with no religion) 11,1%. (Other: muslin, orthodox, other Christian and so on). Birth rates: Switzerland has a birthrate of 9, 51 births to 1000 people, it's in the 199 place in the world's birth rate comparison. Leisure activities: Leisure activities range from taking part in grueling sports to relaxing with family and friends. Many people also devote part of their leisure time to the public service. Life expectancy at birth: total average is 81 years but if you look ...
TRADERUN ANSWERS 1. Have the ENP and EaP been successful in terms of their original goals? Which has been the theoretical logic to cause it? Bring examples! The main idea of the ENP is to offer our neighbours a privileged relationship, building upon a mutual commitment to common values (democracy and human rights, rule of law, good governance, market economy principles and sustainable development). The ENP goes beyond existing relationships to offer political association and deeper economic integration, increased mobility and more people-to- people contacts. The level of ambition of the relationship depends on the extent to which these values are shared. Some examples which steps ENP has made in the field of human rights and which are represented in the report of implementation of the European Neighbourhood Policy about Eastern Partnership: The adherence to the sh...
1) 1.Racism 2. Crime 3. Unemployment 4. Alcohol/Drug abuse 5. Economic recession 6. Poverty 7. Riots 2) Racism is a common problem in many countries and in Englad it is present because there are many immigrants from all over the world. As it is a widespread social problem it's also one of the worst ones, because the hatred directed to different races or even nationalities makes the foreign people feel bad and also to hate the locals. This brings up many conflicts like the bombings in 2005 (when 4 islamic suicide bombers killed thmeselves and 52 civilians), but usually the conflicts are smaller, like brawls between different ethnic groups or mockery and insults. 3)In 1999 was the biggest racism related crime in the last 3 decades, when a Neo-Nazi David Copeland placed homemade nailbombs at public places directed to african and bangladeshian communities and killing 13 and injuring 139 people.,. Petty crimes are commited ...
The Rise and Demise of the New Public Management Wolfgang Drechsler (University of Tartu and Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia) © Copyright: Wolfgang Drechsler 2005 Within the public sphere, the most important reform movement of the last quarter of a century has been the New Public Management (NPM). It is of particular interest in the post-autistic economics (pae) context because NPM largely rests on the same ideology and epistemology as standard textbook economics (STE) is based (for my take on this, see Drechsler 2000), and it has had, and still has, similar results. Already more on the defensive within public administration (PA) than STE is within economics, NPM also shows that such major paradigm shifts in theory and policy may actually happen. In addition, it occasionally appears that pae-oriented scholars have overlooked the fact that some features in public management refo...
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