Challenges of the 21st century We live in 21st century almost for 12 years. It seems like a very long time, but it has gone like a bird and by this time has changed very many things. Honourable audience, I would like to talk about challenges of the 21st century. If we talk about Estonia then in my opinion our first challenge of the 21st century is to stop exodus. But to solve this problem we should ask why is the exodus so high? Answer is simple: salary, unemployment, salary. Very many things depend on incomes, so we head away from our country to find a better place where salarys are higher. For me it seems like our parliament wants to help all other countrys, for example Greece, or reckon with somebody else before help ourselves. To my way of thinking parliament should take care of our county number one and then think out how we can and should help others. The second aspect is economic cri...
The 17th century In England 17th century was a time of political and religious turmoil. It is known as a struggle between Parliament and the throne. 1625 came to rule Charles I, who was proved to be politically stubborn. In 1642 civil war broke out between the Cavaliers and the Roundheads. Oliver Cromwell was a puritan who brought the Roundheads to the victory and temporarily ended the monarchy in 1649. Charles I was beheaded. Oliver Cromwell ruled England for 9 violent years. The return of the oldest son of Charles I in 1660 is called the Restoration. In 1660 the Royal Society of London was established to promote scientific research. In 1688 the Glorious Revolution was without bloodshed or violence. The 1689 Bill of Rights limited monarch's powers. Parliamtary government was established. 1665 the Great Plague, 1666 the Great Fire.
Tallinna Lillekyla Gymnasium Report Tallinn in the 20th century Student: ------------ Supervisor: --------------- Tallinn 2008 Table of Content Table of Content..........................................................................................................................2 Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................3 Beginning of 20th century...........................................................................................................4 Independent Estonia (1918-1940) ...............................................................................................................................................
BRITISH HISTORY 17TH-19TH CENTURY SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY ☄ When James I became the first English king of the Stuart dynasty, he was already king of Scotland, so the crowns of these two countries were united. ☄ The kind of Middle English spoken in lowland Scotland had developed into a written language known as Scots ☄ The Scottish Protestant church adopted English rather than Scots bibles ☄ Religion and politics are inextricably linked ☄ Some people tried to kill the king because he wasn't Catholic enough and another king had been killed, partly because he seemed too Catholic ☄ Anger grew in the country at the way that the Stuart monarchs raised money ☄ Puritanism- ideological Protestantism ☄ Some of them thought the luxurious lifestyle of the king and his followers was immoral. They were also fiercely anti-Catholic and suspicious of the apparent sympathy t...
My mother tongue in 21th century Thousands of Years ago Estonian did not exist. Even nowadays not very many people speak Estonian, nearly 1,5 Million. Compared to English speakers, it's nothing. The Estonian language has changed very much as the years have gone by. The expressions that were used years ago are replaced with English phrases, which are especially popular among young people. That's because almost all films, song lyrics and popular TV shows are in English. They also use slang too much. It's quite possible, that soon the Estonian language dies out and replaces with English. The second reason, why Estonian is in big danger, is because the little importance of the language. Almost everyone can speak at least one foreign language and nowadays the travelling possibilities are also very good. So if the Estonian language has no importance, it's possible, that if several nations will mix and there will be no...
William Shakespeare (1564-1616) playwright, actor, poet 37 plays, over 400 screen adaptions Lord Chamberlain's Men, King's Men, The Globe Early life: John Shakespeare, Mary Arden, 2 sis', 3 bros; married Anne Hathaway 3 children Life in London: 1599 built Globe, 1623 first compilation Forms: classical & history plays, comedies+tragedies, poetry Style: metaphors, rhetorical phrases, free flow of words, unrhymed iambic pentameter; deviations Renaissance (end of 14th century) Italy, reaches rest of Europe Elizabethan era (16th II h - 17th I h) Theatre: combined medieval theatre, morality plays & Roman drama to create Elizabethan tragedy Poetry: Italian influences, sonnet (English: cddc ee) Rulers of England: Henry VII (brings prosperity, repairs economic situation; made alliances); Henry VIII (beginning of English reformation; killed "traitors"; 6 marriages); Mary I (Catholic); Elizabeth I (The Virgin Queen restores order; Religiou...
British Literature in the 20th-21st Century REVISION QUESTIONS 1. The Contradictory, diverse, chaotic 20th century. New developments in science and philosophy. The essence and influence of Freudian theory. Contradictory, diverse, chaotic 20th c- simultaneous rejection and invocation of the past. While modernists apotheosized the creative geniuses of the past, they also rejected old poetic forms. Challenge old and established beliefs and more and more people had access to books and education more people went to universities. profound change in morals: · No universal value and perspective on things · Multiple truths, multiple perspectives · Nothing has inherent (kaasasündinud, sisemist) importance · Life lacks purpose Science: Albert Einstein-general theory of relativity had a huge impact on culture as well. Everything is relative. Philosophy:...
Literature of the 14th century The highpoint of medieval literature, the best writer of late medieval lived then. William Langland 1332-1376 the last important poet of alliterative verse. His masterpiece "The Vision of Piers Ploughman" how important working hard is, the labour of peasants is the base of the welfare of the people. A passionate protest against social injustice. A time when peasants were slowly rising against their feudal lords. Descriptions of different social classes. Religious mysticism. Two great principles: 1) all men are equal before God; 2) honest labour is dignified. It is a dream allegory. A young maiden named Youth, Greed is an old witch. The greatest writer of this period and the whole of medieval times Geoffrey Chaucer (1340?-1400): · The father of English poetry · The creator of English versification · The first poet to use various metres · Laid the foundation of the new literary English ...
Speech The Challenges of the 21st century In one math lesson I found out that I needed to use a calculator only because one of the simplest operation. I told about that to my friend and she had also recognized that her math skills have reverted. A century ago nobody knew technical instruments such as calculator or computer. People calculated by themselves, the letters were sent by post and people had more time to spend with family than nowadays, because now the majority of us are spending time on the Internet. So is the development of technique our fortune or accident? Of course the technique makes our lives easier. New agricultural machines are able to do more work than we. Planes and ships enable us to discover foreign countries thousands of miles away and broaden the mind. Moreover we have a chance to find interesting and educating information from computer, but with what price? All these robots and facilities prevent us from t...
The Tower in the Middle Ages The Tower of London, that formidable symbol of England's national heritage, served as a royal residence as well as a prison in the medieval period. The monarch traditionally spent the night at the Tower prior to his or her coronation ceremony at Westminster Abbey. It has been the stage on which much of England's dramatic but often sad and bloody saga of royal history has been played out. The founding of the Tower The Tower of London was founded by King William the Conqueror. After his coronation on Christmas Day, 1066, William hastily ordered the erection of a wooden fortress between the Thames and the ancient Roman wall which then surrounded London. William began the building of what is now termed as the White Tower ten years later. A rectangular stone keep of Caen stone, designed as an impregnable fortress and as an impressive and awesome demonstration of his power to the Londoners. With ramparts which wer...
All people in our society have a role. All adults should have jobs. That means that they need to choose a profession. Some professions are more needed in our society than others. Nowadays in Estonia we need mostly newer professions, connected with computers and things like that, bust also some older professions... The most needed profession is builders. The cities grow and new buildings are being razed. When you walk in the streets then you can see everywhere that some buildings are being repaired, or some older ones are being demolished to make space for newer and bigger buildings. Some old houses are being restored like they used to be in the past. In the Centrum new and modish glass buildings are being constructed. That gives the builders and all the people connected with construction and building jobs. And we need more of those people in our society. The second most needed profession is connected with computers. More...
Most needed professions in Estonia in 21st century All people in society have a role. All adults should have jobs. Some professions are more needed in society than others. In Estonia we need mostly newer professions, connected with computers. I think doctor is a most needed profession. We have so many illnesses and nobody knows what it is. We need people, who help us to cope with them. In Estonia doctors earn not much money, that's why a lot of them go to foreign country to work and to earn their living. The second most needed profession is connected with computers. More growing computer using and replacing jobs with robots and computer programs leaves some people without jobs. But companies need somebody to look after the computers and computer repairmen who know how to fix the computer problems. There are viruses computers and hackers who try brake in computers and all companies computers need to protected from those threats. ...
Most needed profession in Estonia in 21st century Nowadays, it's very difficult to say, which job is most important. There is very much jobs, in Estonia. It is very individual, and every people emphasize different jobs. I think, importand and eventful is medico profession. People who are saving peoples lifes, they need respect. I can only suppose what kind of hard work it really is. Maybe healty people dont value this job, but people who have been sick or take part in some accident, they know how needed occupation it is. Secondly it would be policeman profession. There is very much criminals, in Estonia, and in all world. But policemans trying take care of people safety. I think, if there is no policemans, in world, then it would be disaster. Third would be teacher occupation. We need smart peoples, for saving lifes in world. It is important to teach childs and give them education. Then we are growing up people, who cou...
The most needed jobs in the 21st century Our world is growing bigger every day. Different kinds of people have different needs. There are some people who lead them on the right way to do something right. There's a need of a disaster and emergency management consultants, a leisure consultants and a global mobility specialists. What jobs they actually are? The main task of a disaster and emergency management consultant is writing exercises about chemicals, radiation, plane crashes, and terrorism. Companies order a consultant to their offices and then consultants make them clear about it. How to react in different situations, what to do with toxic substances etc. It's a bit like creating a film. Of course disaster and emergency management consultants can fly around the world lot. More free time and greater leisure options at home and out are responsible in part for the growing importance of that job. The ne...
UNO SOOMERE ESTONIAN SYMPHONIC MUSIC. THE FIRST CENTURY 1896-1996. AN OVERVIEW With a Historical and Cultural Summary IN MEMORY OF THE GREAT ESTONIAN COMPOSERS CONTENTS ESTONIA AND THE ESTONIANS FOREWORD IN THE FOLD OF TSARIST RUSSIA. EMERGENCE AND FIRST STEPS ON THE CLASSICAL-ROMANTIC PATH. HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION I. MUSICAL LIFE IN TARTU AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY. TRAILBLAZERS: ALEKSANDER LÄTE, RUDOLF TOBIAS, ARTUR KAPP. II. THE FIRST DECADE OF THE 20TH CENTURY. ARTUR LEMBA: THE BEGINNING OF ESTONIAN SYMPHONY AND OPERA. III. NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN CULTURAL AND MUSICAL LIFE: THE END OF THE TSARIST PERIOD. THE INDEPENDENT REPUBLIC OF ESTONIA: THE INTRODUCTION OF INNOVATIONS FROM WESTERN ART AND THE EVOLUTION OF NATIONALLY ORIENTED MUSICAL TRENDS. IV. THE TWENTIES. ARTUR KAPP: ROMANTICIST AND DRAMATIST. V. THE INFLUENCE OF NEW WESTERN MUSIC...
21st century century when the world around us changes faster than ever before. With that accompanies different changes in our everyday lives. Nowadays there is growing demand in highly qualified workers and not only in big empires but also in smaller countries like Estonia. In Estonia the most needed professions are connected with computers, different hi-tech machines and healthcare. Firstly, in my opinion the biggest deficit is in doctors. The main reason for that might be that the studies take a lot of time, sometimes about 10 years, which means that we can start working at the age of 28 to 30. Another reason could be that doctors are in my opinion very often underpaid and with that comes up another problem. In hope to get bigger salaries they often go abroad leaving our small independent country without highly qualified doctors. Secondly, nowadays our environment is more and more connected to technology. A lot of factories are ...
The Noble Savage in 20th Century Fiction Pop culture has a important part in shaping the mind of today's people. A large part of pop culture consists of stories which have the ability to change a person his take on life, taste in music and books, how to treat other people etc. It may seem simple and pointless but all the devoted fans, all the trekkies, warsies, twihards, potterheads and ringers (there are many more, with crazier names) prove us that stories can become more than entertainment. Of course, a story can change people without making them go to all sorts of conventions. Even the small ideas make a change. The main part in a story, the one that seemingly makes the impact, who guides the consumer through its change, is the protagonist. The development in the reader or the watcher happens through the transformation of the hero. Usually the main character starts off as an outcast, somebody the society sees as unimportant or too ...
"Isekuse sajand" Dokumentaal nimega "The Century of the Self - Part 1: "Happiness Machines" räägib Sigmund Freudist ja tema nõost Edward Bernays ´ist ning nende arvamusest, et inimesed on irratsionaalsed ning nende otsused võivad kujutada suuremale perspektiivile ohtu. Otsemini oli tegu Sigmund Freudi teooriaga, mille tema nõbu Bernays suurfirmade ning koguni riikide peal käiku lasi. Bernaysi eesmärgiks oli ehitada sotsiaalseid struktuure, mille kaudu oleks võimalik inimmasse mõjutada/kontrollida. Üks põhilisi poliitika korraldamise meetmeid, mida Bernays aitas Hooveril kasutada siis kui ta 1928 aastal USA presidendiks sai, oli see, et riigi elanikele anti pidevalt ainult positiivset tagasiside ning väideti oma rahvale üht, kuid reaalsuses tegutseti hoopis teistsuguse tegevusega. Tänu sellele oli rahvas oma juhist positiivselt meelestatud ning juhile andis see vabad käed tegemaks, mida ta tahti...
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What are the most needed professions in the 21st century? People are often asking me what are the most needed professions in the 21st century. I've understood that in Estonia we need mostly newer professions, the ones that are connected with computers. In my opinion one of the most needed professions is a doctor. I know we have a lot of doctors, but a lot of them go to a foreign country. Mostly because of the low salary in Estonia. In my opinion the second most needed profession is a really good goverment employee. Estonians want some changes in their lives. Our goverment employees only think about earning more money. The third most needed professions is actually needed the most, it's connected with computers, as I first mentioned. More growing computer using and replacing jobs with robots and computer programmes leave some people without jobs. That's why people need to know more and more about computers. Companies nee...
The Role of the Hippie Movement in 21st Century Britain The hippies’ primary belief was that life was about being happy, not about what others thought you should be. Their “if it feels good, do it” attitudes included little forethought nor concern for the consequences of their actions. Hippies were dissatisfied with what their parents had built for them. Hippies rejected middle class values, opposed nuclear weapons and the Vietnam War. They embraced aspects of eastern philosophy and desired to find new meaning in life. Hippies were often vegetarian and believed in eco friendly environmental practices. They championed free love and sexual liberation, particularly for women. They also promoted the use of psychedelic drugs which they believed expanded their consciousness. Hippies participated in alternative arts and street theater and listened to folk music and psychedelic rock as part of their anti-establishment lifestyle.Some hippi...
What is expected of a graduate of the 21st century and how does the university play a role in contributing to a succesful outcome? Kaisa Kamenik In Mike Nichols 1967 cult film „The Graduate“, Dustin Hoffman character Benjamin Braddock, who has just graduated from college, is facing basically same questions as posed in the title of this essay. Everyone is asking what is he going to do with his life now, but he is very uncomfortable aswering them and at that point he doesn’t care as well. Being a third year history student in University of Tartu, I am wondering over the same questions and find myself often thinking what is expected of me after graduating and how has university played a role in my development for almost three years now. When asked what is the main purpose of university, most people would say that it is preparing students for different proffessions, which would...
Most needed professions in Estonia in the 21st Century All people in our society have a role. All adults should have jobs. That means they need to choose a professions. In my opinion one the most needed professions is a doctor. When people get sick, they need doctors to check them, put diagnose and treat them. In my opinion there are few specialists in Estonia because lot of them go to foreign country, mostly because of the low salary in Estonia. Another job needed is teachers. If you want to study a specialty or aquire a high school you need teachers who will guide and teach. The third most needed profession is builders. The cities grow and new building`s are being razed and in turn, the economy is growing. Some old houses are being restored like they used to be in the past. I think that all three professions are needed in Estonia and that employees in this field do not leave Estonia when raise salary and they are reco...
The Great Guild Liisbeth Kallakmaa The Great Guild Medieval Tallinn's social institutions were guilds and brotherhoods, whose main function was to provide members with social interactions and ensure their rights, but also played an important political and economic role. Tallinn had three important guilds - The Great Guild, St. Canute's Guild and St. Olaf's guild. The Great Guild was the youngest among them, founded in the 14th century, but soon became the biggest and most important. It was founded as an organization of the wealthiest merchants and shipowners. The name of the Great Guild was introduced in the late 15th century. There were close ties between the guild and the town rules: only members of the Great Guild had the right to belong to the town council and could be elected for mayor. Tallinn's small coat of arms is also the Great Guild's coat of arms. Guild was led by Alderman, with the assistance of t...
A world government is both desirable and necessary. A world government is both desirable and necessary. What is there to gain from a world government? Are there any downsides to such world order? A lot of people believe that a world government is the only way in future. It would unite countries and people, eliminating differences. What would help to preserve peace in the world. Also a world government would help to rationalize recourses. As there would not be any duplicating, allowing much faster development of new technologies and faster production. In addition recourses would not pile up in one place because they would be diverted to places where the need is greatest. But there is a downside to a world government. Through unification of people and countries, smaller nations would lose their identity. It means smaller nationalities would simply fade away, they would be dissolved. Because the influence ...
Pirita Convent Anete Samelselg 10th grade About the convent It was founded by St. Birgitta in 1412 and consercrated in 1436. The area is 1360 square meters. It was the biggest church building in the Middle aged Estonia. Name Pirita is orginated from St. Birgitta. The idea and construction The history of the the Pirita Convent dates back to the 15 century. The idea to found a convent in Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, was initiated by some Tallinn merchants already in 1400. Building plot was donated from Livonian Order. The building were built in two different parts. One for nuns and one for monks. Church in the middle and it was used by both. St. Birgitta rules In the convent have to live both - nuns and also monks. Nuns and monks were seperated and did not see each other at all. The Convent could not have more than 85 members 60 sisters and 25 brothers. The leader of the co...
Revision questions for the exam I General 1. What is CL? that is especially written with children in mind; that is actually selected and read by children; that often introduces children as main characters; 2. What are the most important elements of literature? Characters point of view Setting plot theme style tone conflict symbol 3. What are some the most typical features of the fantasy genre? Animal characters may act like people. Characters may have special powers. Characters may be imaginary beings. Setting may be in another time (future). It usually has a good vs. evil conflict. It may use scientific principles not yet available or discovered. II Classical literature 1. What is Beowulf? When and by whom was it written? Beowulf is the conventional title of an Old English heroic epic poem. 2. Who was King Arthur? In wh...
What are the responsibilities of and challanges to the Freedom of speech in the 21st century? Our responsibility is to think what we say. Words can make World a better place or even destroy it. By words we can affect the World. Because of that, we have to be very careful by using them. Using words wrong , we can hurt very many people and ourselves too. When we use wrong words at the wrong time, we can hurt somebody very bad. We can insult people or make them suffer. And this can bay back very hard. For example the event what took place in Kauhajaki school, where one young guy named Juhani Saari, who killed very many his fellow pupils and himself too. This disaster took place because other pupils taunted and japed him. Religion is in the 21st century very disunited. This makes society acceptive to every little suasions. At the same point education is very easy to get. And when some malevolent human studyes psycho...
The Sydney Opera House is a multi-venue performing arts centre in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is situated on Bennelong Point in Sydney Harbour. Sydney Opera House is the most famous Australian architectural icon. Sydney Opera House is widely regarded as one of the greatest architectural works of the 20th century. The Sydney Opera House became a UNESCO World Heritage Site on 28 June 2007. Designed by Danish architect Jørn Utzon. Planning began in the late 1940s, when Eugene Goossens lobbied for a suitable venue for large theatrical productions. The normal venue for such productions was not considered large enough. By 1954, Goossens succeeded in gaining the support of Joseph Cahill, who called for designs for a dedicated opera house. Joseph Cahill launched a design competition on 13 September 1955 and recieved 233 entries. The criteria specified a large hall seating 3,000 and a small hall for 1,200 people, each to be designed f...
Test on Romantic Poetry and Prose 1. Approximate dates of romanticism: in the second half of the 18th century. Major events on world history at that time: · Industrial revolution · In America the Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776 · The French Revolution, 1789 · The King of England was George III, after him George IV and then Queen Victoria Outcomes: · Revolution did not bring welfare · Lives of the lower-classes worsened · Extended the distance between the lower and upper class · The rich got richer, the poor got poorer 2. Romanticism is a reaction against classicism, science and atomic (aesthetic ideal of order and unity) worldview. Romantic ideal is the organic world. Romanticism: · Returns to nature and belief in the goodness of mankind · Exaltation of the senses and emotion overcome reason and intellect i...
Education in Estonia { The beginning The history of formal education dates back to 1314th century crusades The first schools were built near churches The first primer was published in 1575 It was possible to learn reading & writing in various guilds during the 16th century 1617th century Education in the Estonian language started after the reformation by Martin Luther During Swedish era, on Gustav Adolf II's orders, the first school and university were built in 1631 GAG in Tallinn and in 1632 the University of Tartu After The Great Northern War, as Estonia was occupied by Russia, many admiralty schools were built 18th century During the reign of Russian empress Katarina II, many great improvements were made in peasant school system and girls started going to school Estonians were quite highly educated for that time, since at least half of the folk in a parish could read and a third write In 1739, the first bible w...
Introduction Tallinn, the capital city of the Republic of Estonia and of the Harju county, is a town in North Estonia on the coast of the Gulf of Finland. It has nearly half a million inhabitants and covers an area of almost 160 sqkm. It is also an important economic and cultural centre and one of the main ports in the Baltic States. Tallinn is one of the oldest cities on the Baltic Sea. It is unique for its well-preserved architecture from the 13-15 centuries. In contrast to the ancient town-walls and towers, Tallinn of today offers modern hotels, restaurants, sport and cultural centres. Every five years national song and folk dance festivals take place in Tallinn. The yachting regatta of the 1980 Moscow Olympic Games was held at Pirita. History Tallinn means in English "Danish town". The place is believed to have been settled by Finno-Ugric people about 2500 BC. It was first marked on a map of the world by the Arab geographer al-I...
Medieval literature Religious literature- mostly written in church languages(Latin, Greek, Old Slavic) Secular literature- written in vernacular languages as well 6th -15th century Anonymity Religious writing Liturgical writing-hymns, psalms Theological writing-aquinas, abelard etc Religious poetry Mystery plays-reenactment of bible stories Secular writing Troubadour writing:"courtly love", romance Epic poem(song of roland) Travel writing History writing-chronicles Allegory The use of symbols and analogy to convey a certain meaning /message Literary output of medieval English Anglo-saxon or Old English literature(7th century-1066) Middle english literature(12th century-15th century) End of the period:1470s chancery standard(regulating english) and onset of renaissance Middle English literature Written in many dialects in early period 14th century Middle english was used for majority literary works...
HISTORY TEST 5 invasions to Britain until 1066 1) The Celts o Gaels in 600BC; Cymry(Britons) in 300BC o From present-day Austria, Switzerland o The Celtic language survives in the names of many places in England- Dover, Kent, Thames o The Celts are best known for their art- many bronze objects with elaborate designs; brooches; pins; mirrors; Celtic stone crosses o The Celts had 3 social orders: warriors, druids(priests) ordinary people 2) The Romans o (55 BC-Caesar) 43 AD- 410 AD- Claudius o From present-day Italy o Southern Britain became Britannia and was ruled by a roman governor o The Romans built over 20 towns: Colchester, Londinium, Winchester etc. They were good engineers and built roads and villas that had central heating, glass windows and mosaic floors ...
TALLINN TOWN HALL Tallinn Town Hall is the only surviving Gothic town hall in Northern Europe. Built in the heart of Tallinn, next to a marketplace, the Town Hall has witnessed trade and social activities for over 700 years. It has still remained the most important representational building in town. The building history of the Town Hall goes back to the 13th century, but it acquired its medieval appearance in 140204. It was as early as 1248 when King Eric IV Ploughpenny of Denmark granted the Lübeck Charter to Tallinn. Relying on that document a town council was elected from amongst merchants of the Hanse and started convening in the Town Hall. It is possible to state on the basis of research findings that a meeting place of the magistracy and a goods depot in the form of a small, fortified town hall, constructed of local limestone, existed in its present location already in the mid-13th century. The town hall first mentioned in a re...
Engl i s h do g s 8 english dogs Bred, Height, Weight, Fur, Colour , Character, Body English bulldog (British bulldog) Bred: 1209 Height: 31-40 cm Weight: 24-25 kg 22-23 kg Fur: short, smooth and tidht sitting coat Colour: red tones, plain or balck-white spots Character: peaceful, loves children, lovely familydog Body: small ears, screw-tail, wide shoulders, short muzzle English greyhound Height: 71-76 cm 68-71 cm Weight: 29-31 kg 27-29 kg Fur: tidht sitting coat and smooth Colour: black, white, red, blue or yellow-brown Character: friendly, true, gentle, loves children Body: long tail, small ears, deep chest, long muzzle English cocker spaniel Bred: 14 century Height: 39-43 cm 38-41 cm Weight: 12.5-14.5 kg Fur: tidht sitting coat, long, silky Colour: all colours Character: lovely, popular familydog a...
Art Museum of Estonia Art Museum of Estonia was founded on November 17th, 1919, but it was not until 1921 that it got its first permanent building the Kadriorg Palace, built in the 18th century. In 1929 the palace was expropriated from the Art Museum in order to rebuild it as the residence of the President of Estonia. The Art Museum of Estonia was housed in several different temporary spaces, until it moved back to the palace in 1946. In September, 1991 the Kadriorg Palace was closed, because it had totally deteriorated by then. At the end of the year the Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia decided to guarantee the construction of a new building for the Art Museum of Estonia in Kadriorg. Untill then the Knighthood House at Toompea Hill served as the temporary main building of the Art Museum of Estonia. The exhibition there was opened on April 1, 1993. Art Museum of Estonia premanently closed down the exhibitions in that buildi...
Ballet Merili Kaarna 11.d Italian renaissance court entertainment originated in the 15th century the epicentre moved to France obligatory component of opera Mlle La Fontaine 1681 St. Petersburg ballet reanimated in western Europe Styles Romantic ballet mid 19th century emphasized intense emotion most widely known and performed ● Classical ballet ○ based on technique and vocabulary ○ different styles ○ height in 19th century Neoclassical ballet use of the abstract diverse music choise possibilities for achitectureand design in choreography Contemporary ballet ballet technique apparent roots exploration experimentation
HISTORY OF ENGINEERING Deivid Armulik Kadrina Secondary School 2015 ENGINEERING Integral factor throughout history From first boats to present day projects Improve our life ERAS Ancient era Middle era Renaissance era Modern era ANCIENT ERA Stand as a testament to the ingenuity and skill of the ancient engineers Earliest civil engineer Imhotep, officials of the Djoser, designed Pyramid of Djoser at Saqqara Ancient Greece developed machines, civilian and military domains Chinese and Roman armies, military machines, Ballista and catapult MIDDLE ERA Al-Jazari, five machines to pump water, Turkish Artuqid dynasty 50 ingenious mechanical devices, developed segmental gears, mechanical controls, escapement mechanisms, clocks, robotics etc. Protocols for designing and manufacturing methods RENAISSANCE ERA First el...
· Jägala Waterfall (height 8 m) is one of the highest and fastest flowing. Over thousands of years the falling water has worn out the edge of the limestone banks and as a result a steep-sided valley about 300 m long and 12-14 m deep has been created. The oldest written information about a water mill (the beginning of the 13th century) derives from this place. The best impression of the mightiness of the waterfall can be obtained in the period of high waters in spring and autumn. · Narva Stronghold is the oldest and biggest stronghold in Estonia (built in 13- 17th century) creating with the Ivangorod Stronghold on the opposite shore of the River Narva a unique architectural ensemble in Northern Europe. Three wings of the stronghold and the Tower of Tall Hermann are open to visitors. The historical interiors in the West and North wings have been restored. In the five halls of the stronghol...
TEST – The history of London 1) London was definitely not an important place during the Celtic period. It was just a mosquito-infested swamp. 2) London became a trading centre during the Roman occupation. It was an important crossing point for the Romans over the river Thames. Market forces began to operate. With troops stationed and ships calling, merchants will inevitably set up shops. 3) The Celtic warrior queen Boudicca and her tribesmen fought against the Roman conquest and devastated Londinium. The city was burned down and its inhabitants massacred. 4) London was rapidly rebuilt and in AD 122 the Roman walls were built around it as a defence. 5) The Romans left Britain early in the 5th century because they had to cope with troubles elsewhere in the Empire. 6) Around AD 400 the Germanic tribes invaded Britain. 7) London fell into ruins because the Anglo-Saxons destroyed the Roman towns and fo...
The Three Sisters, Fat Margareta & The Great Coast Gate - The Lower Town Dagne Markiine Kotkas 10.klass The Three Sisters Three Sisters is a group of 15th century houses at 71 Pikk Street with many decorative elements. The first record of The Three Sisters merchant houses comes from the year 1362. This is a typical of the Tallinn school of Gothic architecture. Recently a hotel was opened in this medieval complex. The Three Sister's Hotel Big sister's suite Middle sister's suite Junior suite The hotel has 5 stars and is very expensive. The Fat Margaret The Fat Margaret was built on the site of the eastern tower in the outer gate of the Great Coast Gate at the beginning of the 16th century to protect entrance to the town. Its walls are over 4 meters thick at the base and its flat roof is ...
Tallinn English College English Sergo Vainumäe 9A TALLINN Report Supervisor: Inge Välja Tallinn 2006 Order of contents: 1.Introduction 2.Toompea 3.Lower Town 4.Kadriorg and Pirita 5.Museums 1. Introduction Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, lies on the Baltic Sea. It is on almost the same latitude east St. Petersburg in Russia, Stockholm in Sweden and Stavanger in Norway, and covers 158 sq km. Tallinn was first marked on a map of the world by the Arab geographer al-Idrisi in 1154, its name then being Kolyvan (probably derived from the name Kalev). In the 13th-century Chronicle of Henricus de Lettis the town was called Lyndanise. Later came Reval (presumably after the old county of Rävala), the name used by the Germans who ruled the country for seven centuries. Russians then modified Reval...
FORMATION OF MEDIEVAL kARELIA · WHAT WAS BEFORE MIDDLE AGES · WHAT CHANGES OCCURRED WITH IT HOW KARELIA LOOKED LIKE WHEN NEW · ERA DAWNED IN 16th CENTURY GEOGRAPHY OF KARELIA AND ITS RELEVANCE Click to edit Master text styles Major changes in prehistoric times in Second level Karelia Third level Transgression of Ladoga Birth of Vuoksi 3700 BCE Fourth level Birth of Neva 1300 BCE Fifth level Land rise during entire period from Ice Age till today, leading most notably to changes in Vuoksi river's flow Crossroads of trading routes White Sea/Arctic Ocean Upper Volga / Caspian basin Baltic Sea basin Dnepr / Black Sea basin Daugava Waterways: Gulf of Finland, Ladoga, Onega, White Sea, Neva, Vuoksi, Svir, Volkhov, Vyt...
Old Tallinn Old Town, a medieval walled city filled with old buildings and fortifications. The sheltered bay and the easily defended Toompea Hill made it a natural place to settle. Sometime about 1050 A.D. a fortress was built atop the hill, the first of many. In 1219 the Danes showed up as part of the Northern Crusade to subjugate the Baltics and convert the local pagans to Christianity whether they wanted to or not. The Danes improved the fortifications and expanded the town, which became part of the Hanseatic League, a trading organization of a hundred northern cities. The Danes sold Tallinn to the Livonan Order, a branch of the Teutonic Knights, in 1346. The Swedes came next in 1561. Tallinn weathered plague and the Great Northern War and became part of Russia in 1710. In 1918, Estonia declared independence from Russia and fought a bitter war against Bolshevik Russia. Independence didn’t last long, ...
Liis Toomsalu QUESTIONS part 2 1: How many people died in the Great Fire of 1666? The death toll from the fire is unknown and is traditionally thought to have been small, as only a few verified deaths were recorded. This reasoning has recently been challenged on the grounds that the deaths of poor and middle-class people were not recorded anywhere, and that the heat of the fire may have cremated many victims, leaving no recognizable remains. 2: How was the fire finally mastered? The battle to quench the fire is considered to have been won by two factors: the strong east winds died down, and the Tower of London garrison used gunpowder to create effective firebreaks to halt further spread eastward. 3: Wh...
The History of Estonia 8000 BC traces of first settlement at Pulli 3000 BC Finno-Ugric tribes arrive 1st cent AD Estonians mentioned in written records by Tacitus 1030 first written mention of Tartu 1154 first written mention of Tallinn, map of Estonia 1219 Danish invasion by the Teutonic Order 13th century German invasion by the Livonian Order 1343 St George's Night uprising 15th century serfdom begins to develop 16th century Reformation 1558.1583 The Livonian War between Sweden, Poland, Denmark, Russia 1629.1710 Swedish era 1700.1721 The Northern War, Russian invasion 1860.1885 era of national awakening 1918.1920 the War of Independence 1918.1940 the Republic of Estonia 1940.1941 first Soviet occupation 1941.1944 German occupation, World War II 1945.1991 second Soviet occupation 1991 the Decla...
Milking machine Merlin-Hans Hiiekivi Regards about inventing a milking machine • Development of a usable milking machine took several decades of trial and error. • Some editors of 19th century dairy and ag publications acknowledged a need for a good milking machine, but, were dissatisfied with all that were being offered. Others discouraged all attempts at machine milking, stating that it was unnatural or intrinsically injurious to the cow. . Early Cow Milking Machines • The earliest devices for mechanical milking were tubes inserted in the teats to force open the sphincter muscle, thus allowing the milk to flow. • Skillfully made tubes of pure silver, gutta percha, ivory, and bone were marketed in the mid-19th century, and, in fact, a few were still being sold well into the 20th century. • A novel milking tube illustrated in the Scientific American in 1875, used a slide valve at the ...
Põltsamaa Ühisgümnaasium LONDON REFERAAT Bruno Pähkel 7c klass 2010 CONTENT Introduction...............................................................................................lk3 London history...........................................................................................lk4 Today london.............................................................................................lk5 Big Ben.............................................
Edinburgh Castle is an ancient stronghold which dominates the sky-line of the city of Edinburgh from its position atop Castle Rock. It is Scotland's second most visited tourist attraction. Human habitation of the site is dated back as far as the 9th century BC. As it stands today though, few of the castle's structures pre-date the Lang Siege of the 16th century, with the notable exception of St Margaret's Chapel, the oldest surviving building in Edinburgh, which dates from the early 12th century.As with all castles, Edinburgh's fortress has been a centre of military activity. As an ancient fortress Edinburgh Castle is one of the few that still has a military garrison, albeit for largely ceremonial and administrative purposes. The New Barrack Block is now home to the official headquarters of the Royal Regiment of Scotland and 52 Infantry Brigade, as well as home to the regimental museum of the Royal Scots and Royal Scots Dragoon Guards. ...
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