Should a mosque be built in Tallinn? Dear classmates and teacher, Today I want to talk to you about a topic that has brought with it a great deal of controversy in recent years. Namely, should the construction of a mosque in Tallinn be permitted? Estonians often like to pride themselves for being more tolerant and open-minded than those from other post-soviet nations. This sort of a progressive mindset, however, rarely extends to the principles of religious freedom. But why? Why are so many people opposed to something that in its core is just another place of worship much-like any other? After all, the construction of the mosque wouldn't even be funded by tax-payers. In addition, most of us don't oppose the building of churches, even though Estonia is currently the 3rd least religious country on the planet. Many people fear that the building of a mosque would open a door for Islamic radica...
The shights of Estonia Brigita Maria Raave St. Olaf’s Church St. Olaf’s Church in Tallinn, in Estonia is believed to have been build in the 12th century. St. Olaf’s Church is located in Lai Street. St. Olaf’s Church is the city’s biggest medieval structure, took its name from the sainted Norwegian king Olaf Haraldsson. St Olaf Church was part of the united western tradition of Christianity, whose polity continues in the Roman Catholic church today. However, from the Reformation the church has been part of the Lutheran tradition. In 1950 St. Olaf’s Church became a Baptist church.The Baptist congregation continues to meet at St Olaf’s today. Pictures of St. Olaf’s Church cc St Olaf’s Church Tower According to some sources St Olaf’s Church was the tallest building in world from 1549 to 1625, till the Eiffel Tower was built. In 1590 the total height of the tower was 115 meters. After several rebuildings, the height...
Biggest shopchains in London Polina Tsvetkova Harrods Harrods is an upmarket department store located in Brompton Road in Knightsbridge. Harrods isn`t just a shop,it is a national icon Harrods founder Charles Henry Harrod started his business in 1824, aged 25. In 1883 the store burnt to the ground but in short order, a new building was built on the same site. In 16 November 1898 Harrods debuted England´s first escalator. Harrods Harrods is the biggest store in Europe with more than 330 departments. It is also the 2nd most visited place in London. You need to respect a dress code in order to get there no short pants, no flip-flops and no tank tops,most of the shoppers will be really elegant. The theme of the entire shop is Egypt. The whole inside of the store is in a luxurious, opulent style with statues, and golden d...
The tour of Tartu Tartu First mentioned in 1030 by Yaroslav the Wise Southern Estonia 2nd biggest city in Estonia http://eope.khk.ee/oo/2011/historical_t 100 000 people (142 Poles artu/tartu_lipp.jpg and 152 Germans) 17 neighborhoods City of Good Thoughts 16 twin towns Urmas Kruuse http://www.zacekfoto.ee/images/pilt2575.jpg Town Hall Built in 1782-1789 3rd building Tartu Town Council and Town Government Planned by Johann Heinrich Bartholomäus Walter (Rostock) Jail, public scale hall, town council Der Grosse Markt the http://static1.fotoalbum.ee/fotoalbum/0/31 town's most important market 8/03180408b7d8.jpg Mix of classicism, baroque and rococo Town Hall Square Surrounded by buildings built in the classical style Christmas trees ...
London History The Romans AD 43- AD 410 The Romans finally invaded Britain in AD 43 from Kent. The Romans lead by Julius Caesar attempted to invade Britain twice before that in 55 and 54 BC but the invasions were unsuccessful. They made their way to the river Thames and sailed up it. The Romans knew it was important to control a crossing point at the river Thames, so they decided to build a settlement on the north bank. Although small settlements had been built on the banks of the Thames, the Romans were the ones who built the first city. They called their city Londinium. The Roman engineers noticed that the point where the swampy river narrowed would make an ideal crossing point, they built London Bridge. Less than 20 years later the native Iceni tribe, led by Queen Boudicca, rose up against the Romans in revenge for mistreatment and burnt Londinium to the ground. The well disciplined Roman army defeated her forces and Londinium was r...
The Great Wall UNESCO World Heritage Sites The Statue of Liberty Names: Kaspar- Eerik Maarand Ingmar Tamsalu Origin and history of The Great Wall Several walls were being built as early as the 7th century bc, the most famous wall was built during 220-206 bc King Zheng conquered the last of his opponents and unified China as the First Emperor of the Qin dynasty. He ordered the building of new walls to connect the remaining fortifications along the empire's northern frontier. ● The great wall was built when seven powerful states appeared at the same time, to defend themselves. At that time the wall was 3107 miles and each part of wall belonged to different part of the states. In 221B.C the Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi ordered to connect the walls (built by all the states) also he added a part of his section because he was afra...
St. Charles Church Basic Information Built in pseudo-Romanesque style Architects: O.P.Hippius and R.von Bernhard Limestone church Built in 1862-1882 Area 1197 m2 Biggest church in Tallinn The Costruction of the Church The Altar Come to me- painted by Johann Köler It was ready in the 23 of juli in 1879 The bottom altarpieces are painted by Sally von Kügelgen in 1889 The Church Bells The North Tower The South Tower The Organ The first one was built in 1884 The second one was built in 1923 The biggest organ in Estonia
Nõmme Railwaystation Roos-Marie Lunden Tallinna Nõmme Gümnaasium 5B Nõmme Railwaystation was opened 1872. It was called: ,,Peatus Seitsmendal Verstal". Since 1874 it is called Nõmme Railwaystation. In 1888 were built wooder platform and awning. Tickets were sold in a watch-house across the platvorm. In 1912 the awning was demolished and new one was built. In 1924 new electric raywayline was opened, that helped Nõmme´s growth and debelopment. In 1932 an other raywayline was built. The secon World War stopped the traffic of the electric trains and it was recovered in 1944. The first wooden trainstation was built in 1904 ad station pavilion in 1914. The ticket sales in the station was stopped in 1998. Today there are Nõmme museum and post office in the trainstation.
PANEME EI PANE Kui räägime spetsiifilisest Loendamatute ja mitmuses asjast,mida on enne mainitud-the loendatavate nimis kui räägime house, üldiselt- koalas,monkeys Unikaalsete nimis-the sun,the moonNimede ette-Anna KÕIK MÄRJAD KOHAD v.a järved Riikide nimed-Brazil aga The Netherlands Mäestikud-the Andes Kõrbed-the Linnad-Glasgow Sahara Grupp saari-the Virgin islands Tiitlitega kui inimese nime pole Tänavad-Oxford Street aga The mainitud the Prince,aga Prince High Street Charles Kui last,first,only on kasut Pargid-Hyde Park omadussõnana Riigid,kui sisaldavad sõnu: Mandrid-Europe, saared-Rhodes, state,kingdom,republic...-The United järved- Lake Geneva, Lake Peipsi, Kingdom jaamad- Charing Cross Station Muusikariistad-the guitar Kahesõnalised nimed,kui I ...
English studies British history Eleri Pärna Form 9 2010 About 1.What is Stonehenge? 2. Who were the Celts and the Druids? 3. When did the Romans invade Britain? 4. Why did Julius Ceasar call the land Albion ? 5.Why and who built the Hadrian Wall? 6. When did the Saxons settle in Britain? 7. When did the Vikings first raid Britain? 8. Who were the Normans? 9. When was the Battle of Hastings? 10. Who was William The Conquerer? What is Stonehenge? a prehistoric monument located in the English county of Wiltshire built in several stages from 2800 - 1800 BC. Druids built Stonehenge. Who were the Celts and the Druids? The Celts were a group of peoples that occupied lands stretching from the British Isles to Gallatia. The Druids were the wise ones, the educated class of the Celts. ( lawyers, doctors, teachers, storytellers, ...
Sights in Estonia Kadriorg Palace Built by a Russian Tsar Designed by an Italian architect Home to foreign art collection St.Olav`s Church Built in 1267 Named after the Norwegian king Was the world`s tallest building Maritime signpost Viljandi Castle Ruins Built in 1224 Most powerful castle in 13th cetury Destroyed in 1558 A stage in the middle of the ruins
Houses of Parliament Harrod's Nelson's column tower bridge NIMI .... Houses of Parliament The Houses of Parliament, otherwise known as The Palace of Westminster, stands on the site where Edward the Confessor had the original palace built in the first half of the 11th century. In 1547 the royal residence was moved to Whitehall Palace, but the Lords continued to meet at Westminster, while the commons met in St. Stephen's Chapel. Ever since these early times, the Palace of Westminster has been home to the English Parliament. Harrod's One of the world's most famous department stores, established in 1849 as a humble grocery store employing two assistants. Today, it offers everything from food to fashion, furniture to sportswear plus 20 instore restaurants serving every kind of cuisine imaginable from pizza to sushi. Services range from piano tuning to fitting saddles. Mustsee sights include the Food Halls, the Egyptian Hall ...
Christ The Redeemer Or the Statue of Christ Redeemer (Portuguese: Cristo Redentor) is a statue of Jesus Christ with the largest Art Deco architectural style and located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The statue has a height 38 meters and is located at the top of Corcovado Mountain is 710 m high in the Tijuca Forest National Park, overlooking the city. Chichen Itza It is a Mayan archaeological heritage in Mexico is the most complete and still well maintained. According to the Mayan culture of Chilam Balam, the temple complex was built between the years 502-522 AD. Mayans occupy just over 200 years, then they migrate to coastal areas in Campeche. Itza is the central point of the complex and other buildings such as the Pyramids of Kukulcan, Temple of Chac Mool, and building the Thousand Pillars. Colosseum Is a large theater / Amphitheater, located at the State Capital of Italy, Rome, called the original "Flavian Amphitheatre", founded by...
Churches in Tartu There are about 29 churches in Tartu. Some of them look like modern churches, but a large part of them are old ones. Here is Tartu St. John’s or Jaani church. Tartu St. John's Church, which was built in the 14th century in Gothic style, is one of the oldest in Estonia; moreover, it is unique in Europe due to its many original terracotta sculptures. Numbering around a thousand, these 700- year old sculptures were largely hidden till the 1950's. The entrance to the church is free, but if you're looking for more than old sculptures, a view, then it costs. Access to the viewing platform costs 2 euro per adult and 1.50 euro per student. Rivalling St. John's Church as Tartu's most impressive, St. Peter's church, located over the river, is a red- bricked, pseudo-Gothic. It was built in 1884, allowing it to seat up to 3,000 people. The large altar painting was created by Estonia's artist, Johann Köler, in 1897. ...
Towns in Roman Britain Ingrit Roosileht 7.Klass 2013 Roman roads The Romans built Britain's first towns. They built towns all over Britain as centers to administer the people they had conquered. Within 17 years of the invasion, they had several major towns connected by the famous Roman roads. Towns soon became important places for meetings and trade. What were Roman towns like? v The Roman towns were full of fine buildings and temples. v Streets were laid out in neat, straight lines, like on a chess- board. In the middle there was a large square, called the forum v Many towns had running water and sewers. Aqueducts were bridges for bringing water to the towns. Only the rich had water piped to their houses; everyone else used water from public fountains. The only toilets were public lavatories, which were built around the town and connected to underground sewers. Wh...
Stonehenge Hort 4000 Mary Laine What is Stonehenge? Derived from words that mean hanging stones, circle of stones, or stone hinges 162 stones originally and about half remain today Southern England, eight miles north of Salisbury and 30 miles north of the English Channel Nearby hillsides are covered with hundreds of burial pits known as barrows 80% of the barrows face east towards where the sun rises on the horizon There are at least 900 circles in Wales, Scotland, England, and Ireland. Most are made of stone, but wood was also used. Soil was also piled up to create banks, ditches, and circles. Many of these structures are of archaeological interest and are found throughout the countries. The builders Prehistoric people Carbon dating shows that it was built in five phases from 3500 1520 BC Class Question H...
Education in Estonia { The beginning The history of formal education dates back to 1314th century crusades The first schools were built near churches The first primer was published in 1575 It was possible to learn reading & writing in various guilds during the 16th century 1617th century Education in the Estonian language started after the reformation by Martin Luther During Swedish era, on Gustav Adolf II's orders, the first school and university were built in 1631 GAG in Tallinn and in 1632 the University of Tartu After The Great Northern War, as Estonia was occupied by Russia, many admiralty schools were built 18th century During the reign of Russian empress Katarina II, many great improvements were made in peasant school system and girls started going to school Estonians were quite highly educated for that time, since at least half of the folk in a parish could read and a third write In 1739, the first bible w...
DAMS Contents What is a dam Dam types Estonian dams What is a dam § A dam is a structure designed to hold back water in a lake or river. § Dams typically include gates that can be opened or closed to allow the needed amount of water to pass downstream or leave the lake. § Generally, a hydropower station is also constructed at or near the dam site to develop hydropower. § Dams are very huge structure and require huge money, manpower and time to construct. Dam types Embankment dams · Embankment dams are the most common type of dam in use today. · Materials used for embankment dams include natural soil or rock · The ability of an embankment dam to resist the reservoir water pressure is primarily a result of the mass weight, type and strength of the materials from which the...
The Hanging Gardens of Babylon Johann Ortin Õun 2013 The Hanging Gardens There was little argument The thought of a huge and that the Hanging Gardens of magnificent garden, towering Babylon would be included 300 feet above the desert as a world wonder. sands, appealed to the Greeks sense of the incredible. The Hanging Gardens · Built around 600 BC · The gardens were built in a series of platforms · Created a structure 130 m long, 130 m wide, and 110 meters high! · I was almost as tall as the Tornimäe and Swissõtel Apartments The Hanging Gardens · Built by the king King Nebuchadnezzar, he ordered the gardens to honor his queen. · The gardens were designed by the king to make his queen feel loved and welcomed in her new land of Babylon. The Hanging Gardens · No one knows if the love story behind th...
Today, I want to pay your attention to a house called Forest Spiral (or Waldspirale in German), which is situated in Darmstadt, Germany, Frankfurterstrasse street. This city with a population of 141 thousand citizens is known to be a «city of science», so there is no surprise that such an eccentric and creative house was built there in 2000. Many of us reading fairytales have dreamt about living in magic houses and this twelve-storey building twisted in a shell is a dream come true. This eye-catching house, built without any rectangular forms, has a green roof with a garden, for what it was actually called a Forest spiral. There are 105 apartments, garage (), grocery store and a café inside the house as well as the patio () with an artificial pond and playground for kids. But why this house really stands out is that windows in it are situated unusually, going not in one line, but chaotically set in a façade. There are more than 1000 of ...
Questions and answers London Eye 1. When was London Eye first opened to the public?- It was first opened to the public on 9March 2000. 2. In example, what was it called before?- In example, it was called The Merlin Entertainments London Eye/ The British Airways London Eye. 3. Does it attracts people to visit or not? Why?- Yes it does, because it’s an entertaining and easy way to have a great view of London. Big Ben 1. How big anniversary it had on 31 May 2009?- It had 150th anniversary. 2. How many steps are there inside?- There are 334 steps inside. 3. After who was the bell inside called?- It was called in honour of Sir Benjamin Hall. Tower of London 1. What is the oldest tower?- The oldest tower is White tower. 2. How many years was it in use as a prison?- it was 852 years in use as a prison. 3. Who initiated the construction of the Tower?- William the Conqueror initiated the construction of the Tower. Hyde Park 1. ...
Tallinn Andres Mällo 8.a The Town Hall · Town Hall is located in Estonia, Old Tallinn · Built in 1404 year Pictures The Song Festival Grounds · The first stage on its current location between Narva Road and Pirita Road in Kadriorg · Was built in 1928 for the 9th Estonian Song Festival · It was designed by Karl Burman and provided space for 15,000 performers · The new and current arched stage was built in 1959 to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the Estonian SSR in the upcoming year · Today, Tallinn's Song Festival Grounds are also used for hosting international acts, such as Iron Maiden, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Michael Jackson, Tina Turner, 50 Cent, Metallica, The Rolling Stones, Elton John, Depeche Mode, Pet Shop Boys, Andrea Bocelli, Madonna, Thirty Seconds to Mars, Lady Gaga, Green Day, José Carreras, Robbie Williams and the contemporary dance music event, the Sundance Festival · An optimal capacity for concerts is 75,...
Great Pyramid of Giza The Great Pyramid of Giza (also called the Pyramid of Khufu and the Pyramid of Cheops) is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza Necropolis and is the only one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World that survives mostly intact. Originally the Great Pyramid was covered by casing stones that formed a smooth outer surface, and what is seen today is the underlying core structure. Some of the casing stones that once covered the structure can still be seen around the base. There have been different scientific and alternative theories regarding the Great Pyramid's construction techniques. Most accepted construction theories are based on the idea that it was built by moving huge stones from a quarry and dragging and lifting them into place. There are three known chambers inside the Great Pyramid. The lowest chamber is cut into the bedrock upon which the pyramid was built and was unfinished. The so-call...
Tallinn Tallinn is situated on the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland, in north-western Estonia. A limestone cliff runs through the city. It is exposed, for instance, at Toompea and Lasnamäe. However, Toompea is not a part of the cliff, but a separate hill. Coastline is 46 kilometres long.The highest point of Tallinn, at 64 meters above the sea level, is situated in the district of Nõmme, in the south-west of the city. The first human steps, that archeologists found, are about 5000 years old. Tallinn`s first fortress was built in Toompea, in 1050. As an important port for trade between Russia and Scandinavia, it became a target for the expansion of the Teutonic Knights and the Kingdom of Denmark during the period of Northern Crusades in the beginning of the 13th century when Christianity was forcibly imposed on the local population. Danish rule of Tallinn and Northern Estonia started in 1219. In 1285...
Katariina Passage Katariina Passage connects Vene and Müürivahe street. On the northern portion of the passage you can find what's left of St. Catherine's Church (hence the passage name) and various large, ancient tombstones that used to line the inside of the sanctuary. On the southern portion of the passage, you'll find numerous artisan workshops, where you'll even get see them hard at work creating new items. City wall Tallinn's medieval city wall is a sub-facility that was built to protect the lower Tallinn and upper Tallinn (Toompea). The building of the city wall began in 1310th years, and by improving over time it formed the city wall with defensive buildings (towers). It was finished by the end of the 1561. Then it was 2.35-kilometer-long circular wall, which had 27 wall gate, 8 tower gate and 21 other stone fortifications. Many parts of the to...
The City of London History The City of London occupies one square mile in the middle of the capital. It once made up the entire town of London, surrounded by the wall first built by the Romans. The Roman Londinium grew up on the northern side of the "London Bridge" in the past. Products such as olive oil, wines and fruit were brought by ships from different parts of the Roman Empire and unloaded onto wooden quays along the river. In AD 61 the native Celtic Iceni tribe, led by Queen Boudicca, rose up against The Romans. They burnt Londinium to the ground but Roman armies eventually defeated Boudicca. The city was rebuilt and was gradually surrounded with a wall of stone and brick which lasted for many centuries. During the archeological excavations in 1954 the Roman Temple of Mithras was revealed. It was a pagan temple dedicated to the Persian Sun-god. The Temple was later reconstructed only a short way...
Sights in the UK Hardi anton Big Ben Location: London, Palace of Westminster. The tower was finished in 1858. Largest fourfaced chiming clock and the third highest clock tower in the world. Big Ben is a nickname, the clock towers official name is Elizabeth tower. The clock chimes every 15 minutes and can be heard for a radius up to 5 miles. Stonehenge Location: southern England. Built 2000BC to 3000BC. Archaeologists think it was an ancient place of burial. Stonehenge had about 1 million visitors in 2012. It was added to the UNESCO's list of world heritage in 1986. Giant's Causeway Location: Northern Ireland. It developed 50 to 60 million years ago due to intense volcanic activity. It's the fourth greatest natural wonder in the UK. Most of the rocks are hexagonal, but some have four, five, seven or eight corners. The tallest are 12 metres tall. Snowdonia national park Location: north Wales. The highest...
London There were some people living on the banks of the Thames, when the Romans came to England in 43 AD. But we don't know much about them. The Romans built houses, a port and a bridge over the river and named the place Londinium. The bridge which was built by the Romans was later known as London Bridge and it was built in stone in 1176. London soon became the largest city in England and by the time of the Norman Conquest in 1066 it had become the most important city in Britain. It grew area and population until September 1666, when the Great fire destroyed four fifths of the wooden buildings in the City. The fire began in the kitchen of the King's baker in Pudding Lane and lasted for five days. By now London is a city of seven million people covering over 1,5 square miles. Nowadays the population of London is made up of the people of very many nationalities. It is a popular...
THE CITY OF LONDON History The City of London occupies one square mile in the middle of the capital. It once made up entire town of London, surrounded by the wall first built by Romans. The Romans also built a bridge over the Thames and there has been one in the same area ever since. The Roman Londinium grew up on the northern side of the bridge. In AD 61 the native Celtic tribe, led by Queen Boudicca, rose up against the Romans. They burnt down Londinium to the ground and killed most of its inhabitants. Roman armies eventually defeated Boudicca and Londinium was rebuilt. At the end of the fourth century AD the Roman Empire began to crumble and the Roman armies were recalled from Britain to defend Rome itself. Once they had left, tribes such as Angles, Saxons and Jutes invaded and settled in from Holland, Germany and Denmark. Together they are known as Anglo-Saxons. They were farming people who pr...
The Presentations Triinu: "The Notorious Prisoners of the Tower" Built in 1078, has been used as a fortress, Royal Palace, a prison, the home for Crown Jewels. The first prisoner was Ranulf Flambard in 1100. The only woman tortured in the Tower was Anne Askew. Guy Fawkes was prisoned 5 th November 1605, hung in 1607. Walter Raleigh was knighted, married without queen´s permission. Last prisoners were in the Tower in 1952. Rita: "Alexander Fleming" Was a pharmacologist, has graduated 6 schools, studied anti-bacterial agents, found Lysozyme accidentally in 1922 and penicillin, which changed the world, in 1928. Won Nobel Prize in 1945. Has been married twice, first wife was a trained nurse. He died in 1955 at home because of a heart attack. He had 1 child. Liis: "The Phantom of the Opera" A.L. Webber is knighted, started writing musicals in 1965, owns 7 theatres and has written 13 musical...
Charles Church By Annabel Peterson Charles Chruch is a Lutheran church in the centre of Tallinn, on Tõnismägi hill. It is architecturally the most magnificent out of all Estonian sacred buildings in the 19th century, also Charles congregation is currently the largest in Estonia by the number of members. It was originally built in the 17th century, during the time of Swedish rule, when king Charles XI commissioned the construction of a church for the Estonian and Finnish population in 1670. At first it was wooden and not very large, built in a Greek cross style. Traditionally, the church was named after the king that built it. In 1710, right before the invasion of the Russian troops and during the Great Northern War, the church was burnt down along with many buildings surrounding the city fortification wall. The destruction led to decreasing of th...
Old Market square (Vanaturg) is the former market square in Tallinn old town. Five streets meet here: Vene, Viru, Suur Karja and Kuninga streets, and Vana Turu Kael sidestreet. The market location perfectly suited for trade: five trade routes started there. The square is connected to Town Hall Square by a short sidestreet. Town Hall Square Was used as marketing place, for festivities as well as for executions. In summer it is filled with outdoors cafes In winter it becames a magical christmas market The L-shaped sigh There has been a town hall in Tallinn since at least 1322. Town Hall Built in 13th century The management of the city worked in the Town Hall until the year 1970 The only gothic town hall on Northern Europe Weathervane Old Thomas The height of the towe is 64 metres Town Hall pharmacy Is one of the oldest working pharmacies in Europe and...
INTRODUCTION Tallinn is the capital and largest city of Estonia. It occupies a surface of 159.2 km2 in which 404,000 inhabitants live. It is situated on the northern coast of the country, on the banks of the Gulf of Finland, in north-western Estonia. Tallinn is the location of many institutions of higher education and science. As an important port for trade between Russia and Scandinavia, it became a target for the expansion of the Teutonic Knights and the Kingdom of Denmark. Historically, the city has been attacked, sacked, razed and pillaged on numerous occasions. Although extensively bombed by Soviet airforces during the latter stages of World War II, much of the medieval Old Town still retains its charm. Since independence, improving air and sea transport links with Western Europe and Estonia's accession to the European Union have made Tallinn easily accessible to tourists. SIGHTSEEING The main attractions are in the two old towns, ...
Contents Introduction...................................................3 London's early history.....................................45 The people of London......................................6 Buildings and bridges......................................7 Intruduction London is the capital of the united kingdom (UK), which is made up of Great Britain(England, Scotland, Wales) and Northern Ireland. The city lies in the southeast of England and covers an area of about 1,578 square kilometres on either side of the River Thames. With population of seven million, London is by far the largest city in the UK. Birmingham, the second largest, has just over one million inhabitants. Cultural life London is the worldclass centre. It has more than40 theatres, where audiences enjoy everything from musicals to William Shakespeare's plays. The city also ...
Sculptures and monuments St. John's Lutheran Church St John's Church was probably built in the first third of the 14th century. There is no other brick church decorated with so much terracotta plastic in Europe Eduard Tubin Monument The Eduard Tubin monument, marking the 100th birthday of the composer, was dedicated in 2005. The authors of the statue are sculptor Aili Vahtrapuu, architect Veronika Valk, with sound installations by Louis Dandrel.Eduard Tubin (1905-1982) was a versatile composer and conductor, one of the most recognized symphonists throughout history. He served as concert master and conductor at the Vanemuise Theatre. In 1944, when the theatre was destroyed, he left Estonia to Sweden. Monument to Gustav II Adolf In 1632, King Gustav II Adolf of Sweden, then at the war camp near Nürnburg, signed the charter to found Tartu University, which was also named Academia Gustaviana in his honour....
On November 9th, 1620, the `Mayflower' sighted what is now Cape Cod. Despite seeing land, the crew of the `Mayflower' searched for another month to find somewhere to land. Where they eventually landed was called New Plymouth. On December 25th, after finding a place where the `Mayflower' could be safely anchored, the Pilgrim Fathers began to build the first house for common use. By February 1621, 50% of the Pilgrim Fathers had died as a result of the cold weather and the inadequate housing that they had built for themselves. A Native American called Squanto helped those Pilgrim Fathers who survived the harsh winter. He showed them how to sow maize and how to cultivate the crop. Seeds brought from England were of little use in their new environment. By the summer of 1621, the Pilgrim Fathers had built houses for themselves and had gathered up a small harvest. They were well recovered in health and strength, and had all things in good plen...
Architecture of India Sten Ütsmüts 11D 2011 Topics Cave Architecture Indo-Islamic Architecture Colonial Architecture Modern Architecture Cave Architecture History goes back to 300 BC; Places of worship and residence; Built by generations of Buddhist, Hindu, and Jain monks Ajanta (200 BC to 650 AD) Ellora (600 and 1000 AD ) Kailasa Temple Ajanta caves http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Ajanta_ Ellora caves http://www.sacred-destinations.com/india/ellora-caves-photos/view-cc-shok.jpg Kailasa Temple Represents Mt. Kailasa, home of god Shiva; Largest monolithic structure in the world; 200 000 tons of removed rocks; 2x the area of Parthenon and 1,5 times higher; 7000 labourers; 150 years. Kailasa Temple Indo-Islamic Architecture Muslims in medieval time Imperial styl...
Study questions on chapter 1 Stonehenge - is pre-historical moument located in the English county of Wiltshire. 2400 BC 22 000 BC. It is composed of a circular setting of large standing stones. The site and its surroundings were added to the UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites in 1986 Celtic Invasion It begun about 500 years BC. Celts brought iron with them to Britain (and pagan traditions). But it is belived that there was never an organized Celtic invasion.(Celts were too fragmented to make it happen) Iron Celts brought iron with them into Great Britain which made some big changes. Iron is stronger then bronze and iron ore is more common(it made tools and weapons better). One of the interesting innovations that they brough to Britain was the iron plough which changed a lot about the farming(made it easier). Iron changed trade and fostered local independence. Hadrian's wall was a defensive forti...
Foreword Bridging rivers, gorges, narrows, straits, and valleys always has played an important role in the history of human settlement. Since ancient times, bridges have been the most visible testimony of the noble craft of engineers. A bridge can be defined in many ways, but Andrea Palladio, the great 16th century Italian architect and engineer, hit on the essence of bridge building when he said "...bridges should befit the spirit of the community by exhibiting commodiousness, firmness, and delight." In more practical terms, he went on to explain that the way to avoid having the bridge carried away by the violence of water was to make the bridge without fixing any posts in the water. Since the beginning of time, the goal of bridge builders has been to create as wide a span as possible which is commodious, firm, and occasionally delightful. Spanning greater distances is a distinct measure ...
Housing Aleksander Andrejev AT112 The Contents Houses, not flats Private property and public property The importance of ,,home" Individuality and conformity Interiors: the importance of cosiness Owning and renting Homelessness The future Houses, not flats Detached house not only ensures privacy, it is also a status symbol. Even a modest detached house, surrounded by garden, gives the rerequired suggestion of rural life. Most people would be happy to live in a cottage, and if this is a thatched cottage so much the better. Most people try to avoid living in blocks of flats. Flats, they feel, provide the least amount of privacy. The people who live in flats are those who cannot afford to live anywhere else. The dislike of living in flats is very strong despite of that they are very comfortable. People said they felt cut off from the world all those floors up. The new highrise blocks quickly deteriorated. Private property and...
TOOMPEA Toompea (from German Domberg – Cathedral Hill ) is a limestone hill with an area of about 7 hectares in the central part of Tallinn. It towers about 30-40 m above the surrounding areas. According to the legend it´s the tumulus mound over the grave of the national hero Kalev, erected stone by stone in his memory by his grieving wife Linda. It is the birthplace of Tallinn - a place where in 1229 the Knights of the Sword built a fortress instead of the wooden Estonian stronghold. Toompea Castle is also one of the most potent symbols of the reigning power. Today Toompea is the seat of the Government of Estonia as well as the Riigikogu, both of which are often simply colloquially referred to as Toompea. For centuries there was only one access to Toompea - Pikk Jalg - but there is also another way leading up to Toompea - Lühike Jalg, which was made in the 14th century. At present Pikk Jalg and Lühike Jalg are used only by pedestri...
Kunda Ühisgümnaasium Tallin Old Town Report Student: Kristin Karu Teacher: Kristi Aron Kunda 2012 The Alexander Nevsky Cathedral The Alexander Nevsky Cathedral is an orthodox cathedral in the Tallinn Old Town,Estonia. It was built to a design by Mikhail Preobrazhensky in a typical Russian Revivalstyle between 1894 and 1900, during the period when the country was part of theRussian Empire. The Alexander Nevsky Cathedral is Tallinn's largest and grandest orthodox cupola cathedral. It is dedicated to Saint Alexander Nevsky who in 1242 won the Battle of the Ice on Lake Peipus, in the territorial waters of present-day Estonia. The late Russian patriarch, Alexis II, started his priestly ministry in the church. Interior of the Cathedral. The Alexander Nevsky Cathedral crowns the hill of Toompea where the Estonian folk hero Kalevipoeg...
Stonehenge Anna Maria Rebane 11.B Facts about Stonehenge · 5000 year old prehistoric ritual monument · the most famous prehistoric monument in Europe · one of the most ancient and mysterious structures in the world · 3.2 kilometers west of Amesbury and 13 kilometers north of Salisbury · south-western England; in the English county of Wiltshire · built in the late Stone Age (Neolithic) and the Bronze Age The History of Stonehenge · "The Mystery of Stonehenge" · the building began in 3000 BC by semi-nomadic peoples · The first stone to be placed - Heel Stone. · some stones weigh about 45 tons each and are 7m high · the largest stone weights as much as 50 tons · no wheels and no metals · their tools - stones, bones and wood · built in several stages · 200 years later 80 blocks of bluestone w...
Prehistoric Britain · They built forts on hilltops and · When the English Channel was pro-tected them with ditches and formed by meltic ice(around 6000 BC), ramparts. Britain was part of the European land mass. · The earliest inhabitants lived in limestone caves. · About 3000 BC the British Isles were inhabited by a people as known as the Iberians. · Celts and Iberians both lived under · They used stone axes and made the primitive system: there was no antlers and bones into leather-working private property, no classes and tools. exploitation. · Inhabitants put up buildings of · They caught fish, grew wheat and stone and wood, built the fi...
The City and The Tower of London Styv Solovjov G1a The City Founded by Romas 43-50 AD, set up trading post It has seen at least 15 major fires 1666 burnt down 4/5 of its houses Then The City was rebuilt Tower Bridge (Tower Hill tube), built in 1894 during the Second World War, its was heavily bombed Now there is one of the biggest financil centres in Europe Banks, stock exchange Many banking and insurance institutions have their headquarters there Stock Exchange, Lloyd's of London,the Bank of England are all based in the City Over 500 banks have offices in the City City is an established leader in trading in Eurobonds, foreign exchange, energy futures and global insurance Of the $3.98 trillion daily global turnover, trading in London accounted for around $1.36 trillion,or 34.1% of the total Canary wharf Click to edit Master text styles Second level ...
Tartu's toy museum Located in an old wooden building in the heart of Tartu's Old Town, the Toy Museum transports its adult visitors back to their most joyful childhood days and offers children plenty to see and do. The Tartu Toy Museum opened on 29 May 1994 under the auspices of the City Government of Tartu. The museum was located in the basement of a private house at the foot of Toome Hill and in a smaller adjoining building at the address 1 Lai St. In late 2003, the Tartu Toy Museum moved to its new location, an old wooden building on Lutsu Street, which had been specially renovated to house the museum. On 13 March 2004 a new permanent exhibit was opened, including a playroom and crafts room. The permanent exhibit displays toys that children in Estonia have played with throughout the ages. The display also includes artist-made dolls, souvenir dolls from around the globe and traditional Finno-Ugric...
Introduction Tallinn, the capital city of the Republic of Estonia and of the Harju county, is a town in North Estonia on the coast of the Gulf of Finland. It has nearly half a million inhabitants and covers an area of almost 160 sqkm. It is also an important economic and cultural centre and one of the main ports in the Baltic States. Tallinn is one of the oldest cities on the Baltic Sea. It is unique for its well-preserved architecture from the 13-15 centuries. In contrast to the ancient town-walls and towers, Tallinn of today offers modern hotels, restaurants, sport and cultural centres. Every five years national song and folk dance festivals take place in Tallinn. The yachting regatta of the 1980 Moscow Olympic Games was held at Pirita. History Tallinn means in English "Danish town". The place is believed to have been settled by Finno-Ugric people about 2500 BC. It was first marked on a map of the world by the Arab geographer al-I...
· Suuremõisa Castle. Suuremõisa Castle was built in the second half of the 18th century on the initiative of Countess EbbaMargaretha Stenbock (17041776). The wings are erected in 1772. There are 64 rooms in the Castle. 6 ponds were dug in the grounds of the Castle and a park and a garden established. In 1796 the Castle was sold to Baron UngernSternberg. The attic of the Castle has doubleceiling, where the Baron used to hide the treasures stolen from ships that had sunk in the Näkimadalad. On 19 October 1802 the Baron killed Karl Johannes Malm, the Captain (of Swedish origin) of his ship "Brig Morian", in this Castle. For this the baron was deported to Siberia. There are currently two schools in the Castle: Suuremõisa Gymnasium and Suuremõisa Technical School. In the latter one can also study how to become a ship's captain. · The Estonian Railway Museum is located in the s...
The history of London There were some people living on the banks of the Thames when the Romans came to England in 43 AD. The Romans built houses, a port and a bridge over the river and named the place Londinium. The bridge which was built by the Romans was later known as London Bridge and it was built in stone in 1176. It was London's only bridge until 1729. Now there are about twenty bridges crossing the river within London. London soon became the largest city in England and by the time of the Norman Conquest in 1066 it had become the most important city in Britain. It grew in area and population until September 1666, when the Great Fire destroyed four fifths of the wooden buildings in the City including ST Paul's Cathedral. The fire lasted for five days. By now London has swallowed up many of the small towns and villages that surrounded it. It is a city of seven million pepole covering 1,606 square mile...
Megalithic Sites in England Alina Trussova 10b klass Contents Overview Purpose Monuments How they were built Overview Monument Large stones Neolithic-Bronze Age Divided: Menhir Dolmens Tumulus The Megalith Map Purpose Religion Astronomical Stonehenge Burial place West Kennet Long Barrow Stonehenge Wiltshire, England Stone Circles 3100 1100 BC Astronomical Alignment Avebury Henge Avebury, Wiltshire Stone Circles Surround the village 2600 -2400 BC Rollright Stones Little Rollright, Oxfordshire 4000 - 1500 BC 77 stones 3 elements: The King Stone The Whispering Knights dolmen The King's Men West Kennet Long Barrow Wiltshire 3700 - 2000 BC. burial chamber The Hurlers Cornwall 3 Stone circle about 1500 BC Silbury Hill Wiltshire 2,400-2,000BC High: 30 m Wide: 160 m How they were built Questions? Thank you!
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