docstxt/124318414565352.txt
IRELAND The Emerald Island Ireland has two nicknames e ra l d Em Th e Isl e The Is l a nd of S aints a nd Scho l a rs 9000 years ago... ice more ice Click to edit Master text styles Second level Click to edit Master text stylesThird level Fourth level Second level Fifth level Third level Fourth level Fifth level Gaelic Ireland Lordship of Ireland Kingdom of Ireland United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland The Republic of Ireland Once humans ...
The foundation stones The Island Britain has a mild climate due to the Gulf Stream which brings warm waters from the Gulf of Mexico. The northern part of the island in average 5'C cooler and it's mountainous or hilly and that's why the south has been more populated.. Britain became an island only 5000 years BC after the Ice Age ended. Britain's prehistory The first evidence of human life on the island are dated back to 250 000 BC. 50 000 BC in a milder Ice Age period Britain became habitable again. People from that time were the ancestors of the modern British. 10 000 BC ige age ended and Britain became inhabited by small groups of hunters who probably followed herds of deer. 5000BC Britain became an island and deer died out. 3000BC the Neolithic people came (probably from Spanish peninsula or even North African ...
The early middle ages The Norman Conquest Since William was crowned king, there were many rebellions against the Normans. A small Norman army marched from village to village and destroyed the ones it couldn't control. The Normans took away the Saxon lords' land. Only a few Saxons who supported William could keep their land. Feudalism William gave parts of his conquered land to his captains around the country to avoid rebellions and uprisings. He also kept some land to himself to make sure his was much stronger than his nobles. Of all the farmland half went to his nobles, quarter to church and fifth he kept to himself. William organised the English kingdom according to feudal system. The main purpose of using that system was economic. King gave the land to "vassals" in return of army services and goods. When a noble dies, his son took over the estate. When there was no family, the land went back to king who could give it to another n...
Prehistoric Britain · They built forts on hilltops and · When the English Channel was pro-tected them with ditches and formed by meltic ice(around 6000 BC), ramparts. Britain was part of the European land mass. · The earliest inhabitants lived in limestone caves. · About 3000 BC the British Isles were inhabited by a people as known as the Iberians. · Celts and Iberians both lived under · They used stone axes and made the primitive system: there was no antlers and bones into leather-working private property, no classes and tools. exploitation. · Inhabitants put up buildings of · They caught fish, grew wheat and stone and wood, built the fi...
Celtic Mythology Celtic mythology is the mythology of Celtic polytheism, apparently the religion of the Iron Age Celts. Like other Iron Age Europeans, the early Celts maintained a polytheistic mythology and religious structure. Among Celts in close contact with Ancient Rome, such as the Gauls and Celtiberians, their mythology did not survive the Roman empire, their subsequent conversion to Christianity, and the loss of their Celtic languages. It is mostly through contemporary Roman and Christian sources that their mythology has been preserved. The Celts peoples who maintained either their political or linguistic identities (such as the Gaels and Brythonic tribes of Great Britain and Ireland) left vestigial remnants of their forebears' mythologies, put into written form during the Middle Ages. Though the Celtic world at its apex covered much of western and central Europe, it was not pol...
Study questions on chapter 1 Stonehenge - is pre-historical moument located in the English county of Wiltshire. 2400 BC 22 000 BC. It is composed of a circular setting of large standing stones. The site and its surroundings were added to the UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites in 1986 Celtic Invasion It begun about 500 years BC. Celts brought iron with them to Britain (and pagan traditions). But it is belived that there was never an organized Celtic invasion.(Celts were too fragmented to make it happen) Iron Celts brought iron with them into Great Britain which made some big changes. Iron is stronger then bronze and iron ore is more common(it made tools and weapons better). One of the interesting innovations that they brough to Britain was the iron plough which changed a lot about the farming(made it easier). Iron changed trade and fostered local independence. Hadrian's wall was a defensive forti...
English studies British history Eleri Pärna Form 9 2010 About 1.What is Stonehenge? 2. Who were the Celts and the Druids? 3. When did the Romans invade Britain? 4. Why did Julius Ceasar call the land Albion ? 5.Why and who built the Hadrian Wall? 6. When did the Saxons settle in Britain? 7. When did the Vikings first raid Britain? 8. Who were the Normans? 9. When was the Battle of Hastings? 10. Who was William The Conquerer? What is Stonehenge? a prehistoric monument located in the English county of Wiltshire built in several stages from 2800 - 1800 BC. Druids built Stonehenge. Who were the Celts and the Druids? The Celts were a group of peoples that occupied lands stretching from the British Isles to Gallatia. The Druids were the wise ones, the educated class of the Celts. ( lawyers, doctors, teachers, storytellers, ...
Country Studies The United Kingdom Test revision questions Form 11 1. What are the capitals of the 4 constituent countries? England London; Wales Cardiff; N-Ireland Belfast; Scotland - Edinburgh 2. Order the invaders in correct chronological order: Anglo-Saxons, Normans, Romans, Celts, Vikings. Celts > Romans > Anglo-Saxons > Vikings > Normans 3. How did the Celts influence Britain? The Celts were in Britain long before the English language existed. Celtic influence on English is minimal. There are more Amerindian words in English than Celtic ones. 4. How many people approximately speak English? 300million as mother tongue, 470million as 2nd language. 5. Who (which tribes) gave the base of the English language? Anglo-Saxons 6. Describe Wales. Part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain, population: 3,064,000, Wales has a distinctive culture including its...
Halloween Halloween is a holiday in many English speaking countries that is celebrated on the night of October 31st. Children wear costumes and they go to peoples' homes saying "Trick or treat!" to ask for candy, sweets. This practice originally involved a threat. A threat is when someone says that they will do something bad if they do not get what they want. In this case the threat could be explained as: "Give me a treat or I will play a trick on you." Children today usually do not play tricks if they do not get treats. However, some children still get up to mischief (pranks or things to make fun of people; like putting toilet paper in trees; writing on windows with soap or throwing eggs at peoples' houses). People sometimes dress up as ghosts, witches, goblins and other scary things for Halloween. A jack-o-lantern is typically a carved pumpkin. It is associated chiefly with the holiday of Halloween. The tradition of carving...
Part 1 4. Apples .... 1. Halloween is celebrated in ... a) float in water. a) the USA b) hang from a string. b) the UK c) are in a bathtub. c) Canada d) in the tree. d) Estonia 5. Children cut out ... 2. Halloween is celebrated on ... a) brooms a) November 1 b) witches b) November 2 c) rats c) October 31 d) hats d) October 6. Food is made to look ... 3. In a game "bobbing for apples" a) weird children try to catch apples with b) delicious their ... c) inedible a) hands d) awful b) head c) mouth ...
HISTORY TEST 5 invasions to Britain until 1066 1) The Celts o Gaels in 600BC; Cymry(Britons) in 300BC o From present-day Austria, Switzerland o The Celtic language survives in the names of many places in England- Dover, Kent, Thames o The Celts are best known for their art- many bronze objects with elaborate designs; brooches; pins; mirrors; Celtic stone crosses o The Celts had 3 social orders: warriors, druids(priests) ordinary people 2) The Romans o (55 BC-Caesar) 43 AD- 410 AD- Claudius o From present-day Italy o Southern Britain became Britannia and was ruled by a roman governor o The Romans built over 20 towns: Colchester, Londinium, Winchester etc. They were good engineers and built roads and villas that had central heating, glass windows and mosaic floors ...
1. What are the capitals of the 4 constituent countries? England- London; Northen Ireland- Belfast; Scotland- Edinburgh; Wales- Cardiff 2. Order the invaders in correct chronological order: Anglo-Saxons, Normans, Romans, Celts. Romans Anglusaxons , Norman 3. How did the Celts influence Britain? Language. Wars. Engand and Scotland eventually became 1 contry 4. How many people approximately speak English? Approximately 600 million 5. Who (which tribes) gave the base of the English language?Germanic tribes- Anglo-Saxons. 6. Describe Wales.- Wales is a mountainous country on the western side of Great Britain. The national game of Wales is Rugby. Flag- Red dragon on a green and white field. They have their own language Cymraeg ( Welsh) . Anthem- Land Of My Fathers. Official animal- Dragon. There used to be a lot of coalmines. 7. What are the symbols of the 4 constit...
The Saxons & Vikings Fragmentary knowledge of England in the 5th & 6th centuries comes from the British writer Gildas, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, saints' lives, poetry, archaelogical findings and place- name studies. British landlords ruled small, unstable kingdoms and continued some Roman traditions of governance. In the mid-5th cent, Vertigern, a British leader, hired Germanic mercenaries to help defend against peoples of the north (Picts & Scots). In the end they revolted & the process of invasion and settlement began. The first Saxon ,,kings" were Hengist & Horsa in Kent, Aelle in Sussex, Cerdic / Cynric in Wessex. So the first ,,English" became mainly from Northern Germany & Denmark. The resistance of the Celts was long. They were free at the time, not like other Roman provinces on the Continent. Around 500, the Britons seem to have won several victories. One of their leaders was Ambrosius Aurelianus and one of...
Population 1. Size, its changes 2. Distribution 3. Towns 4. Ethnic makeup 5. Age breakdown 6. Religion(s) 1. Size. 1 July 2006 population estimates by UK National Statistics: % (mid- Part Population (mid-2006) 2006) England 50,762,900 83.8 Scotland 5,116,900 8.4 Wales 2,965,900 4.9 Northern Ireland 1,741,600 2.9 United Kingdom 60,587,300 100 Although Britain is quite small in terms of land area (245,000 sq km), it has a large population of nearly 61 million, which ranks the 21st in the world (Britain is the 21st most populous state in the world) and the third largest in the European Union. The size of population is chan...
khTallinn English College The United Kingdom Topic Mari-Liis Pakats Tallinn 2008 2 Table of Contents Introduction..................................................................................................................4 Geographical Position .................................................................................................4 History .........................................................................................................................4 Government..................................................................................................................5 Queen Victoria.............................................................................................................5 Relief...............................................................................................................................
IRELAND Ireland is a very beautiful island in the Atlantic Ocean. That lays next to Great Britain. This island is gorgeous landscape, the green hillsides and the rocky coastline. Ireland weather is influence of the Gulf Stream, there is warm and rainy through the year. The Celts inhabited the land. Ireland is separated into two parts. The north part (smaller) is part of the United Kingdom, bigger part of island makes up Republic of Ireland (independent country). The population of the Republic of Ireland is about three and half million people. There are two official language- English and Gaelic. Mostly there is used English. The Irish are know as friendly and fun-loving people. They like music and humor. In Ireland the most popular legend is about the leprechaun. He is the shoemaker of the Irish fairy kingdom. The leprechaun usually walks alone, is fun-loving and very crafty. He is no bigger than t...
Old English Literature (449-1066) (Anglo Saxon) The Early Settlers · The Celts - river and town names, lifestyle primitive and crude(tahumatu) · Julius Caesar 55 B.C - the Romans for more than 300 years · 449 A.D - Jutes, Angles, Saxons - Germanic origin · Angle-land=England · Engleish, later Anglo-Saxon = Old English Literature · British literature begun in oral - by minstrels (laulik/poeet) · songs and poems of heroes · highest human qualities =bravery, honour, and loyalty to one's lord · Venerable Bede (673-735) - "the father of English history" - Ecclesiastical History of the English People 731 - in Latin · Venerable - auväärt, kõrge auline · Ecclesiastical -kiriklik, aulik Beowulf · the earliest English story-poem, pagan · about 700 by an unknown minstrel · an epic - a long narrative poem in splendid/majestic language about the achievements of a hero, often a national...
The Importance of English History Essay There is not a single country in the world without a history it can be either long or short, yet still a unique part of the existence. England has had many colourful events throughout the history, but some have dominated over the others and therefore all together formed a country we can see nowadays: the Great Britain. Starting from the beginning, Britain was part of the mainland until about 6000 BC, when it became an island. Ever since then it has been developing slightly different from the other part of the Europe. For example, when two parts separated, some animals had already adopted the life on the island and did not move back to the mainland. They suited their appearance more comfortable for the isolated island and learned how to survive in the wet climate and rather heavy air. The first inhabitants the Iberians also h...
The United Kingdom The United Kingdom consists of England, Scotland, Wales and North Ireland and it is situated in the Atlantic Ocean near the mainland of Europe. The population of the UK is 58.6 million and area is 244,110 sq km. Britain has a temperate humid climate. Its characteristic features are mild winters, warm summer, no temperature extremes, abundant rain all year round and frequent changes of weather. The mild climate is partly due to the warm Gulf Stream and partly to the south westerly winds. Occasional winds from the east in winter may bring cold and dry weather. The distribution of rainfall is influenced by the Atlantic Stream. The mountainous areas of the north and west have more rain than the lowlands of the south and east. Wales is located on a peninsula in central-west Britain. The entire area of Wales is about 20,779 km². Wales borders by England to the e...
KELDID · Keldid on kultuurilt ja keelelt lähedased indoeuroopa hõimud · Elasid I aastatuhandel eKr Lääne-ja Kesk-Euroopas · Keldi keeled: uelisi ja bretooni · Keldi keelt kõneldakse tänapäeval Iirimaal,Sotimaal,Mani saartel,Walesis ja Bretagne'is · Rahvastik,kultuur ja keel on kõige kauem säilinud Briti saartel,eriti Iirimaal · Hiljem võtsid omaks roomlaste kultuuri, ladina keele · Kunst on säilinud hauamanustes · Esemed on kivist ja metallist (kreeka ja sküüdi mõjuga) · Metallist valmistati põllutööriistu, relvi, kilpe, kaarikuid ja kiivreid, neid kaunistati taim-ja loomornamentidega · Keldid täiendasid atra, leiutasid käsikivi ja vikati · Omapäraks on paelornament-pael, millesse põimuvad loomade või inimeste skemaatilised kujutised · Üks maailma tuntuim muster on keldimuster · See koosneb lõpututest,omavahel põimuvatest joontest,mis moodustavad sümboolseid kujutisi · Keldi perekonnad elasid koos ühes suures...
Anglo-Saxon period Celts-came from Germany,2000-1200BC began to migrate to Britain,spoke Celtic language,were known as Britons,lived in small villages,round wooden huts-mainly farmers-no towns,organised in tribes with a king/queen as a leader,intertribal wars were very common,the Ancient Britons:one of the Celtic tribes living in Britain 4thBC,believed in different gods,governed by a class of priests-druids who had great power. Romans in Britain:55BC came to conquer Britain(Julius Caesar),brought their own civilization,taught Britons to build roads,bridges,houses,baths,temples,protected Britain for several hundred years,4thBC Romans left Britain,43AD Queen Boadicea of Iceni tribe lost their battle with Romans. Who were the next invaders and where did they come from? Anglo-Saxons came from northern Germany,Denmark and northern Holland. What was their lifestyle like?Anglo-Saxons liked fighting,drinking,gambling,life expectancy not very lo...
N. A. Vavilov ASPECTS OF BRITISH HISTORY Н. А. Вавилов КРАТКАЯ ИСТОРИЯ ВЕЛИКОБРИТАНИИ Учебное пособие на английском языке Москва Институт международного права и экономики имени А. С. Грибоедова 2008 2 УТВЕРЖДЕНО кафедрой лингвистики и переводоведения Вавилов Н.А. Краткая история Великобритании: Учебное пособие на английском языке. – 2-е изд., пересмотр. и испр. – М.: ИМПЭ им. А.С. Грибоедова, 2008. – 88 с. Пособие содержит краткий очерк важнейших событий в истории Великобритании – от первых документально засвидетельствованных вторжений на остров (кельтов, римлян и англосаксов) до создания и распада Британск...
Enya ,,Amarantine" plaadiarvustus Amarantine on Iiri laulja Enya poolt välja antud plaat. Plaat tuli välja 22. novembril aastal 2005. Album võitis Grammy auhinna parima New Age albumi eest aastal 2007. Album oli väga edukas ja läbimüük oli rohkem kui 6,2 miljonit eksemplari. Väljaandel on 1 plaat, sisaldades 12 lugu. Lindistatud on album ,,Amarantine" Iirimaal. Enya ise on plaadi kohta öelnud: "We called the album 'Amarantine' to mean everlasting," Enya explains. "Poets use the word to describe an everlasting flower and I loved the image of that. We've spent two years working on the album so it is obviously a very exciting time for me when everything finally comes to fruition and people get to hear what we've been doing." (ei tõlkinud, kuna kardan, et lause kaotaks oma tõelise mõtte) Tootmine: · Kõik instumendid ja vokaalid teostatud Enya poolt. · Sõn...
COUNTRY ITSELF Wales is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain, bordered by England to its east and the Atlantic Ocean and Irish Sea to its west. It has over 1,200 km of coastline, and is largely mountainous. The country is obv ruled by Elizabeth II, but it has its own first minister, Carwyn Jones. The country lies within the north temperate zone, and has a changeable, maritime climate. People in Wales speak Welsh and English. Sadly 73% of people say that they have no skills in Welsh. HISTORY! Neanderthals lived in what is now Wales at least 230,000 years ago. Homo sapiens had arrived by about 31,000 BC. The first people from outer world to step their foot on Wales' area were Celts about 1000 BC. The first recorded information about people in Wales is when Romans came in the 48AD. At that time people talked in Celtic language, whi...
TEGELASED : Julia Vanessa Erica Janet Kate Emily Olivia Tom Mike Alex Rick Rob Dave Kõik osatäitjad on alguses pikali maas . Siis tõuseb Julia , niii nii teised kordamõõda .. Julia : ( uniselt , uimaselt ) Kus ma olen ? Aii , mu pea . Janet : Mis juhtus ? Kus me oleme ? Rick : Alles olime lennukis ja nüüd äkki siin . Saarel , mida me ei tea . Rob : Appi ! Ma pean koju saama , ruttu .. Mind oodatakse ..( tõuseb püsti ja hakkab rahutult ringi käima ) Erica : Rahune ! ( haarab Robil õlgadest ) Me peame jääma rahulikuks. Paanikat pole mõtet tekitada . Rick : Äkki siin saarel on veel inimesi . Me peaks hargnema . Kate : Milleks ? See on meie saatus . Meid pannakse proovile . Alex : Mina saatusesse ei usu . Tal on õigus , peaks hargnema . Vanessa : Eii , ma kardan . ! Me ei tea , mida see saar endas peidab . Olivia : (tõuseb püsti ) Kõige õigem oleks jääda siia , mere äärde . Mõõduvad laevad näeksid siis meid . Tom : (oma ette ) Ma ei sa...
The United Kingdom and London United Kingdom is a political name of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. These political names include the countries of England, Scotland and Wales. Every country has its own capital and language. The capital of England is London, the people there are english and the language spoken is English. In scotland live the scots, capital is Edingburg and the languages spoken are English and Scottish. The capital of Wales is Cardiff, the people tehre are welsh and the languages spoken are welsh and English. N. Ireland is the home for the Irish, the capital is Belfast and the language is Irish. The first inhabitants were Iberians and Celts who settled on the land and were often at war with each other. In AD 43 Britain was made a Roman province. The romans stayed there for three hundred years. After the romans left came the Angles, Saxons and Jutes...
History of Great Britain Prehistory (55BC) no written records 6th 3rd c. BC the Celts came to British isles hill figures, hill forts, stone circles ( Stonehenge ) RomanBritain (55BC 400AD) Julius Caesar, named the country Albion Hadrian's Wall, villas, roads, the town of Bath The AngloSaxon, Danish and Norman invasions Germanic tribes settled and stayed Anglia Christianity was brought, religion became important, churches were built 8th century = raids by the Vikings and the Danes 1016 1042 : Under Danish rule ( York was the capital ) 1042 : local AngloSaxons regain their rule 1066 : Normans arrive ( the Norman conquest ) Medieval Britain (106615th c.) the Battle of Hastings William the Conqueror a new AngloNorman state the feudal system introduced the rule of the king and church strengthened centralised country, military rule Scotland, Wales and Ire...
1) General facts The UK: * the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland was formed in 1801 * it covers 243,610 sq km * everybody from the UK is called British * the capital city is London * is made up of four constituent countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland which in turn are divided into counties * the flag is called the Union Jack which is a combination of the flags of England, Scotland and Northern Ireland * the population is about 60,000,000 people, the population density is 242 people/sq km * its coasts are washed by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea, Saint George's Channel, and the Irish Sea. It is linked to France by the Channel Tunnel * the United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who is also the Queen and Head of State of fifteen other Commonwealth Realms, such as Can...
Revision questions for the test on Old English and Medieval Literature. 1.) How is literature analysed and studied? What is the difference between the diachronic and synchronic view? Literature is studied and analysed by reading the piece of work profoundly and work on all the aspects of the piece. Diachronic is development in history Synchronic is particular state at any given moment 2.) Give a general overview of Celtic Britain, Roman invasion in 55-54 BC, Anglo-Saxon invasion and the second Roman "invasion" of Great Britain, who were the leaders, what influence did they leave on the culture of Great Britain? Celtic Britain was during the Bronze Age, there were many small tribal kingdoms fighting one another. Many megalithic monuments were built around that time, e.g. Stonehenge, the Avebury ring. The Roman Invasion 55-54 BC, Julius Caesar ruled Rome, Rome built the Hadrian's wall (73 miles long, built in 121 127 AD) agains...
REVISION QUESTIONS 1. What do you know about Margaret Thatcher? Winston Churchill? Margaret Thatcher was the first female Prime Minister in Europe. She was a member of the conservative party. She died recently. Winston Churchill was the Prime Minister during WW II. He was excellent in making speeches, but he was a heavy drinker and also smoker. 2. What are the main countries of the UK and their capitals? There are 4: England with London as the capital; Wales with Cardiff as the capital; Scotland with Edinburgh as the capital; and Northern Ireland with Belfast as the capital. 3. What is Remembrance Day all about and why is it celebrated at that time? It is about the men (and women) who lost their lives fighting in the World Wars. It's celebrated then, because that's the day WWI was ended with a treaty. 4. Which powers does the Queen of the UK have? The Queen has to sign all the bills for them to pass. She is the o...
The UK & London The United Kingdom (or the UK) is a short way of saying the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Norther Ireland. The UK is situated north-west of the European continent between the Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea. The UK consists of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Its highest point is Ben Nevis in Scotland followed by Snowdon in Wales. The Severn is the longest river in the United Kingdom. Other important rivers are the Trent, the Mersey, the Tyne, etc. Lough Neagh which lies in the centre of Northern Ireland is thr UK's largest freshwater lake. The climate in the UK is variable. The weather changes so frequently that it is difficult to forecast. It is not unusual for people to complain that the weathermen were wrong. Fortunately there is no extreme weather conditions, it is never very cold or very hot. The first inhabitants were Iberians and Celts who sett...
Topic London Tallinn English College Tallinn 2007 1. Introduction London is the capital city of the United Kingdom and the largest urban area in England. The ancient City of London, to which the name originally belonged, still maintains its medieval boundaries, but the name "London" has long applied more to the whole metropolis that has grown up around it. London has been an important settlement for over two millenniums. It is also one of the world's leading business, financial and cultural centres and its influence in politics, education, entertainment and even fashion contribute to its status as a major global city. London is a major tourist attraction with four world heritage sites, several royal parks and numerous iconic landmarks such as the Houses of Parliament, Towe Bridge, the Tower of London, Westminster Abbey and the London Eye. 2. History Although there is some evidence of a permanent settle...
Stonehenge One of the best known ancient wonders of the world, 5000 years old Megalith monument, built by western mediterraneans during 3000-1600 BC Circular structure, large standing stones, aligned with rising sun at teh solstice Attlers and bones were sued to dig pits that hold the stones The Celts in Britain and their legacy 700-200 BC celts invade Britain Gaels or Goehls(Ireland and Scotland),Cymri(Wales) and Brythons(gave name to Brittany) Fierce fighters,superb horsemen.Most of them farmers, lived in thatched houses Good at art, craftmanship, used iron Divided into tribes, ruled by kings, only in face of danger would they choose a single leader Legacy- hill-forts, farms, churches, field system, woodland, pasture, weapons, iron objects, langugae, culture Caesar in Britain The great Roman Emperor Firts came 55 BC to gather information, celts ...
Vana-Iiri Iiri Jumalikud Rassid Eloise Hart Vana-Iiri Jumalikud Rassid Ajakirjast Sunrise, Detsember 1979 Eloise Hart Vana--Iiri Iiri Jumalikud Rassid Eloise Hart I irimaa Keldi pärimustes esindavad legendid ühe kangelasliku Valgusetooja asemel hoopis tervet jumalikkuste rassi, kelle kultuur ja teadus paneb aluse tsivilisatsioonile ning varem või hiljem meelitab isegi kõige primitiivsema arendama oma vaimse intelligentsuse intel võimeid. Iirimaa iidsetesse seikluslugudesse on maetud rikkalik informatsioon: kirjeldus näiteks inimese füüsilise ja psühholoogilise arengu kohta ning kuidas jumaliku jumalikud kuningad ja kangelased, Tuatha De Danann, tulid surelike sekka õpetama ja neid kergitama. Nende juhend...
THE U.K Different Parts The United Kingdom is a short way of saying the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The UK is the political name for those countries which share a parliament in London. All of them were at one time independent kingdoms with their own monarch. Now they are all part of the same kingdom and share the same monarch. The UK consists of Northern Ireland, Scotland, England and Wales. The peoples of these countries are British subjects; they hold British passports and therefore their nationality is British. The british Isles is the geographical name for all the islands off the west coast of Europe. These islands also include The Republic of Ireland, which is politically independent of the Britsh government. Many people refer to the inhabitants of the British isles as 'the English', but England is only one of the countries. The other countries are Scotla...
AJ2: keskaeg ja varauusaeg c 10 klassi ajalootund arvutiklassis NB!Tunni lõpus peaksite teadma iseloomustada (ajalised piirid, märksõnad) a) keltide aega Inglismaal b) Rooma mõju Inglismaa ajaloole c) anglosakside vallutusi d) viikingite vallutusretki e) normandlaste vallutusi f) Inglismaa kõrgkeskajal Rõhutaksin mõningaid teadmisi, mis antud teema puhul on oluline meelde tuletada. · Keskaeg Keskaeg on periood Euroopa ajaloos vahemikus 5.-15. sajand. Kõik need ligi tuhat aastat pole ühtlane periood. Väga selgelt eristuvad keskaja esimesed sajandid (5.-10. sajand), seda perioodi nimetatakse varakeskajaks. Varakeskajal oli Lääne-Euroopas Suure rahvasterändamise (4.-6. sajand) tulemusena väga suured muutused: kujunesid uued riigid, linnad olid hävinud, kaubandus seiskunud jms. Nii et kui...
Tallinn English College Topic Great Britain 2007 1. Introduction The official name of Great Britain is `the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (or short United Kingdom)' The population is about 60.4 million. The capital is London. Other biggest cities include Birmingham, Bristol, Portsmouth, Glasgow and Swansea. English is the main language of Great Britain, but Welsh is officially recognized in Wales and Gaelic in Scotland. 2. Geographical position The British Isles is the geographical term for a group of about 5000 islands off the coast of mainland Europe. The largest island is Great Britain, which is also the largest island in Europe. It consists of England, Wales and Scotland. The next largest island is Ireland, which is made up of Northern Ireland and the Irish Republic. Britain and Northern Island together form the United Kingdom. When referring to Britain ...
I. Portugal ABOUT Photo Location of Portugal (dark green) Portugal (Portuguese: Portugal, IPA: [putua]; officially the Portuguese Republic, Portuguese: República Portuguesa) is a country located in Southwestern Europe, on the Iberian Peninsula. It is the westernmost country of mainland Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east. The Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira are Portuguese territory as well. The country is named after its second largest city, Porto, whose Latin name wa...
1. Ancient Britain: the Celtic tribes. 2000 years ago there was an Iron Age Celtic culture throughout the Br Isles. It seems that the Celts, who had been arriving from Europe from the 8th cent BC onward, intermingled with the peoples who were already there. The Celts were extremely talented people, creative and artistic. More than 1 Celtic tribe invaded Br. The descendants of ancient Celts live in Wales, Scotland, Cornwall and Ireland. They lived in primitive society. Druids priests, more powerful than chiefs. Acted like prophets. 2. Stonehenge From prehistoric period. Was built on Salisbury plain between 2500 and 1500 bc. One of the most famous and mysterious archaeological sites in the world. One of the mysteries is how it was built at all with the technology of the time. Another is its purpose. It appears to function as a kind on astronomical clock and we know it was used by the Druids for ceremonies marking the passing ...
SOCIETY AND CULTURE OF ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES Introduction 1. Nowadays, English is so widely spoken that it can hardly be considered "a one nation's" language. The main countries where English is spoken are: the U.K, the U.S, Canada, Australia, the Republic of Ireland, New Zealand, West Indies 2. There are approx. 300-400 million speakers of English in the world. English occupies the 3rd place by its number of speakers; it is right behind Mandarin and Spanish. 3. ESL (English as a Second Language) used in your own country (e.g. India) EFL (English as a Foreign Language) used in a foreign country ESP (English for Specific Purposes) used in business, airlines, hotels etc. 4. Settlement colonies people migrated into them from Britain and started their own communities, they are the present English-speaking countries (USA, Australia, Canada, New...
ENGLISH LITERATURE Ancient Britain Lived on the British Isles in the 1st millenium. They most probably came from Eastern Europe and belonged to the Celtic race and also spoke Celtic. They were primitive hunters- gatherers, farmers. Some Celtic words are still used in modern English, however they are used mostly in place names. For example: · avon river · cumb valley · ford shallow place in the river Ancient Britons had their own religion and priests or druids and temples. In the year 55 BC Britain became a Roman province. Romans were highly developed and had their own language latin, which has also greatly influenced English. The military occupation of the Isles ended in 410 AD. The Romans eventually brought Christianity to Britain. Hadrian's wall on the border of Scotland and England. It began constru...
Suppletion Present in languages of different families. Present in Old, Middle and Modern English, though the general tendency is towards more regularity/iconicity so the number of suppletive forms has decreased.In the text: goon to go wenden - to turn Gan was suppletive in Old English, past form: eode.Eode was supplanted by went (past form of wenden) at the end of the Middle English period.To wend has survived in Modern English in phrases such as to wend one's way, we wended homewards (ironic usage). Thus: suppletivity- suppletion different parts of one and the same paradigm come from what were originally different paradigms (different words with close meanings or words in different but close dialects).Suppletion embraces verbs, adjectives, nouns. Be was/were been (Old English beon/wesan) (am, art, is, are); in Old English some suppletive forms were used parallel to one another) Good better best Bad worse worst Much more...
History exam *Stonehenge - is a monument located in England. It is one of the most famous prehistoric sites in the world and is composed of earthworks surrounding a circular setting of large standing stones. The surrounding circular, earth bank and ditch, have been dated to about 3100 BC. Stonehenge was produced by a culture with no written language. Many aspects of Stonehenge remain subject to debate. There is little or no direct evidence for the construction techniques used by the Stonehenge builders. *The Celts in Britain and their legacy The Cets lived in Britain in The Iron Age. They were warring tribes who were battleful amongst themselves as well as inter-tribal war. They were not centrally governed. The Celts brought iron working, iron ploughs and metal swords, horses, wheels and chariots - all these things gave them an instant superiority over the native tribes. The Celts built a number ...
TARTU ÜLIKOOLI USUTEADUSKOND Looduse idee keldi vaimsuses Teoloogia ajaloo eksamitöö Kristi Mänd RA AÜ 2.mag [Tallinn 2010] Õppejõud: Anne Kull 2 Sisukord Sissejuhatus.............................................................................................................3 1. Kes olid keldid?....................................................................................................5 1.1 Keltide geograafiline pärinemine........................................................................5 1.2 Keltide iseloomustus...........................................................................................6 1.3 Sugudevaheline võrdsus keltidel............
Britain History Pre-Norman Britain The Iberians brought their metal-working skills and the first real civilization to Britain in the third millennium B.C and were overrun by various Celtic invasions that began in the 8th century. The Celts introduced their tribal organization and an early form of agriculture before they were forced westward by the Roman invasion. Forms of Celtic language are still spoken in Britain. Romans (with Julius Caesar in the head of them) first tried to occupy Britain in 55 B.C., but there was a rebellion in Gaul so they had to leave to fight against it. Next time they came in 43 A.D. and their leader was Emperor Claudius. Romans brought a lot with them. Their brought paved roads, the sites of important cities, the seeds of Christianity, the Roman law, Roman baths, language and advanced civilization. They also built Hadrian's Wall in 122 A.D. Romans occupied...
Years 1154-1485 Henry I was the first unquestioned ruler. One of the most important kings in the Middle Ages. He had lands in Britain & France. Then the government was the monarch, a person, not a place. He had more land than any pervious king. After his marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine, he also ruled the lands south of Anjou. His empire stretched from the Scottish border to the Pyrenees. England provided most of its wealth, but the heart was Anjou. Henry II began to regain royal control. During the war some barons had become very powerful. He pulled down some of their castles. He tried to restore law & order. He wanted the same kind of justice to be used everywhere. He appointed his own judges to travel around the country. They dealt with crimes & disagreements over poverty. Serious offences were tried in the king's court. At first they had no special knowledge or training. They were trusted to use common se...
1) INDIAN ROCK ART: A NATIONAL TREASURE IN DANGER Unrecognized, unprotected, this priceless legacy of primitive art has endured the ravages of nature only to fall victim to wanton destruction by ,,civilized" man. Like the huge stone statues of Easter Island and prehistoric cave paintings of Altamira and Lascaux, North American Indian rock art is surrounded by an atmosphere of mystery. Although examples of rock art exist at some 15000 sites in canyons, deserts, caves and river gorges. Nowadays, however, primitive rock art in the United States has become a new field of scientific study. Klaus F Wellmann wrote two books about rock art. He is a professor of medicine. Rock art represents the history of aboriginal Americans. In the most cases the art is an expression of ideas and way of life, ritual ceremonies, hunting, fighting. The pictures of people and animals are often strikingly lifelike and artistic. Many of these ancient relics have ...
LEXICOLOGY 1. Size of English vocabulary 1) Old English – 50,000 to 60,000 words Vocabulary of Shakespeare OE – homogeneous; 1/3 of the vocabulary has survived • 884,647 words of running text About 450 Latin loans (Amosova) • 29,000 different words (incl. work, working, Viking invasions added 2,000 worked, which are counted here as separate 2) Middle English – 100,000 – 125,000 words) English becomes heterogeneous (Norman French, • 21,000 words English, Latin), hybrid of Germanic and Romance languages Norman French influence – about 10,000 words, 75 % are still in use (Baugh) Latin influence continues 3) Early Modern English – 200,000 – 250,000 English becomes a polycentric language; polyglot, cosmopolitan lang...
VIIKINGID KUI KULTUURIKANDJAD Referaat Koostaja: Juhendaja: 2009 2 Sisukord 1 Viikingite päritolu ja üldine tegevus ..................................................................4 2 Viikingite keelekasutus ning ruunid ................................................................. 5 2.1 Viikingite sõnad ............................................................................. 5 2.2 Viikingite laulud .............................................................................. 5 2.3 Kenningid .....................................................................................6 2.4 Ruunide maagia ..............................................................................6 2.5 Ruunikivid .....................................................................................7 3 Viikingite laevad ...........
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